...found for 2013 said that in the United States people spent $1.65 billion dollars on tattoos. (Tattoo Statistics). Although tattoos are an old art form, getting a tattoo has become a trend fairly recently, and with that the art side of tattooing is being diminished. “Tattooing is not a new phenomenon in many parts of the world. As far back as 2000 BC, there is evidence that tattooing was practiced in Egypt, and in many countries it has been used as adornment and to denote status.” (J. Caplan). Tattooing has obviously been around for quite a long time, and today tattoos illustrate completely different meanings from what they used too. I seriously doubt that in 2000 BC people were getting tattoos because they thought it was a fun idea. People have started to undermine a great art form, they are doing this by taking any meaning from the art they are getting. What I mean by this is that in the past, recent and ancient, tattoos represented something about a person, weather it was a representation of their status, of a group of people that they are affiliated with, or even to commemorate some important event in their life. Since the tattooing trend has started people have started getting tattoos with no personal meaning which demeans the art behind tattooing. People are getting tattoos for the wrong reasons, one of those reasons is gang affiliation. “In the Chicano communities in Los Angeles,...
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...National Seminar on River Valley Civilization of Chhatisgarh & New Research in Indian Archaeology.Raipur,C.G. p.227 to 244 CULTURAL ASPECTS OF THE TRIBAL ART IN CENTRAL INDIA: A CASE OF THE BODY DECORATION OF THE BAIGA TRIBE Dr. Basanta Kumar Mohanta1 Dr. Mohan Lal Chadhar2 Abstract The tribal arts, crafts and architectures are one of the most fascinating parts of their culture. The knowledge of this art is a hereditary one which transmits from generation to generation through oral tradition. The art of tattooing or body decoration is widely found among the tribal of India in general and the tribals of Central India in particular, which is treated as an integral part of their life and culture. Baiga is one of the Particularly Venerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of Central India, known for their traditional method of treatment and shifting cultivation. They live in a particular forested area of Dindori district of Madhya Pradesh, identified as “Baigachawk” and its neighbouring area. Both the male and female Baigas are very fond of body decoration. Besides, the female members like to decorate their body with different kinds of tattoos, known as Godna. Each of these tattoos has a specific cultural significance and tattooed at a particular age and a specific location of the body. It is related to their religion, belief system, health care practice, body decoration, social status, wealth etc. In this present paper an emphasis has been given on the importance of tattoo in the tribal...
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...WRT 1020 March 14, 2013 Research Paper Tattoos From the time we are born until the time we are elderly we are constantly around tattoos. In the United States a person must be 18 before they can get a tattoo legally without parents consent. Therefore, many children like the idea of tattoos, so many put on temporary tattoos such as the stick on temporary ones with water and henna tattoos. A tattoo is a type of art where he or she gets a permanent picture or design process of pricking and ingraining an indelible pigment. The word tattoo is said to have came from two different origins the Polynesian word ‘ta’ which means striking something and the Tahitian word ‘tatau’ which means ‘to mark something (“Tattoo Temple”). Many people across the world have tattoos in all different sizes, colors, and places. Each person who has a tattoo has gotten it for one reason or another. It is amazing how long tattoos have been around for. One fact obtained from doing research is, “Believe it or not, some scientists say that certain marks on the skin of the Iceman, a mummified human body dating from about 3300 B.C., are tattoos” (Krcmarik). It is very interesting to know that tattoos have been around for this many years, it was until 1991 when the tattoos were discover on the Iceman by scientist Otzi. It is incredible how they were still able to discover these markings on the Iceman after so many years of being frozen. Many people over look tattoos as dumb useless art on the body, but many tattoos...
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...tattoos. The purpose I choose this topic is to explain that tattoo is an art. THE HISTORY OF TATTOOS History shows that tattooing has existed since 12,000 years BC. The purpose of tattooing has varies from culture to culture and its place on the time line In Borneo, a woman’s particular skill is indicated when they tattooed their symbols on their forearm. Throughout history tattoos have signified membership in a clan or society. For an example, Hells Angels tattoo their particular group symbol. It has been believed that the wearer of an image calls the spirit of that image. The ferocity of a tiger would belong to the tattooed person. That tradition holds true today shown by the proliferation of images of tigers, snakes, and bird of prey. Egypt is the place where earliest tattoos can be found during the time of the construction of the great pyramids. As they expanded their empire, the art of tattooing spread as well. Around 2000 BC tattooing spread to China. Tattoo was used for the communication among spies in Greek. Romans marked criminals and slaves. This practice is still carried on today. The social status is showed through tattoo by Ainu people of western Asia. In New Zealand a facial style of tattooing called Moko was developed and still being used today. There is evidence that the Mayan, Incas, and Aztecs used tattooing in the rituals. While tattooing diminished in the west, it thrived in Japan. At first, tattoos were used to mark criminals. The Japanese body suit originated...
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.... Harmony Shalander English 102 Research paper Body Modification There are various characteristics through which people identify themselves. Styles of dress, language, music, and dance are some of the ways that describes one’s own unique lifestyles. Others turn to modifying their bodies to symbolize their rank in society. How far is too far when it comes to body modifications, such as tattooing and body piercing. To respond to why people tattoo, one would have to look back to how the early civilization made a living and their opinions on the world around them. The people of Prehistoric times would have been the first to modify the human body for practical purposes. Thousands of years ago, mineral tinctures were used to preserve the bodies of humans and animal skins. "Human Skin, bones, teeth, and hair were the first canvases or artistic expression," wrote by Paul G. Bahn, an archaeologist and prehistoric art scholar. (Body Marks 17). For many centuries, henna has been a popular temporary alternative compared to permanent tattoo ink. Henna is a shrub mashed to form a staining ink when set on human skin. It grows in India, Pakistan, Iran, and North America. Henna tattoos have practiced all around the world. In recent years tattooing and body piercing have become increasingly habitual in popular culture. Body modification is no longer considered just a social representation used by criminals and gang member, showing their role in society. These practices are used by many...
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...during the 1970’s. “Inscribed skin highlights an issue that has been central to anthropology since its inception: the question of boundaries between the individual and society, between societies, and between representations and experiences” (Schildkrout, 2004). Through anthropological research, we have learned that many cultures worldwide use forms of body art and ornamentation such as scarification, tattooing (permanent and nonpermanent), and piercings for a variety of reasons, ranging from ceremonial religious rituals to tribal identification purposes. The process of body art and ornamentation signifies a figurative death and rebirth that typically involves a painful experience as a means to encourage an individual’s self-discovery, as well as establishing his/her place in society. For the purpose of this paper, I will explore the various aspects of body art and ornamentation across three specific cultures- the Yoruba’s of West Africa, the Samoan’s of the Pacific Islands, and the Hindu’s of India. Throughout the history of African culture, anthropologists have noted a wide variety of body markings among African peoples, with scarification being the most permanent form. Through intense study and research of African peoples, anthropologists have learned that many in the African culture use these types of body markings as identifiers among tribes, as well as a source of integration for outsiders into a specific community. For example, among the Yoruba tribes of West Africa, men, women...
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...Batek: Traditional Tattoos Batek: Traditional Tattoos and Identities in Contemporary Kalinga, North Luzon Philippines Analyn Ikin V. Salvador-Amores ABSTRACT In the early 16th century, traditional tattooing is widespread in the Philippines, but very little is known or written about the practice. Sources for the study of traditional tattoos in Northern Luzon are very inadequate and merely make vague statements on the function and symbolic meaning of tattoos, as well as the relationship between the practice and culture as a whole. The statements likewise reveal a distinctly ethnocentric deportment. Until today, tattooing and tattoo designs in the Cordilleras are best understood within the context of headhunting. Headhunting was the only known reason for tattooing, and, to this day, no one knows exactly what tattoos signify. This paper provides insights into the roles and functions of the tattoos, and how the tattoos (batek) become cultural symbols of the intricate rituals brought about by community regimens of the Ilubo, Kalinga. No longer practiced, the batek of the Ilubo is a visually powerful rendering of symmetry and unity of designs. Batek now serve as an archive of culture for the group. Keywords: Tattoo, rites of passage, body adornment, identity, Kalinga INTRODUCTION My anthropological interest in body ornamentation, specifically in traditional tattoos, began in 1990. I met an old Bontoc woman who sold balatinao (red rice) in one of the old market stalls in...
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...Patti Fuller DeVry University Professor Schnee Research Paper December 12, 2010 Great art inspires. Art can evoke strong emotions; compassion, joy, sorrow, anger...the list is extensive. In the words of the artist, Mark Rothko (2010): The fact that people break down and cry when confronted with my pictures shows that I can communicate those basic human emotions...the people who weep before my pictures are having the same religious experience I had when painting them. And if you say you are moved only by their color relationships then you miss the point. I’m not an abstractionist. I’m not interested in the relationship of color or form or anything else. I’m interested only in expressing basic human emotions: tragedy, ecstasy, doom, and so on. (Art Quotations) Fig. 1 Lopez, J. paco1 Fig. 1 Lopez, J. paco1 Interpretation of art is subjective and depends on the individual viewing it. One man’s trash is another man’s treasure, and one man’s deviant, anti-social, rebellious behavior, in getting a tattoo, is another man’s gaining a piece of traveling, semi-permanent art. Ancient tattooing often signified a rite of passage, coming-of-age or tribal affiliation, while tattoos in modern sub-cultures are more like badges and tattoos today have evolved from the anchors and pin-up girls sailors once sported to the reproductions of the masters and fine art works created by a new breed of masters, elevating tattoo to art. Tattooing is one of the most ancient forms of permanent body...
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...july ‘10 ISSuE 186 • £3.95 reader prOfIleS artISt prOfIleS Goldilocks u gu Mick Squires anD The BanK roBBer s Korpus TaTToos th-8 fr ns e i id e ww.tatt tw o o j a A Xed Lehead & Mad Alan Divine Canvas evil From The neeDle m th .uk 6t h-8t hA .co . .co su e e Jeff Ortega we highlight some of the gifted artists working tattoo jam 2010 REGULARS: Fall out ‘news & reviews’ | inkoming | Tattoo Tour | Conventions | personals | Jobs | For sale gu h st t h is a is m www.tat to o wi t Tommi Ink & Iron SKI N SHOWS no regreTs u j Birmingham usa tatto o 2010 tat toos a form of self-harm? you decide 9 770966 435048 San Jose www.jazzpublishing.co.uk • 07 Please mention Skin Deep when responding to adverts. GEnEral EnquIrIES Jazz Publishing, The Old School, Higher Kinnerton, Chester, CH4 9AJ, UK. 01244 663400 www.skindeep.co.uk EdItor Neil Dalleywater email: editor@skindeep.co.uk Telephone: 01244 663400 ext. 212 art EdItor Gareth Evans email: gareth@jazzpublishing.co.uk Telephone: 01244 663400 ext. 204 productIon manaGEr Justine Hart email: production@skindeep.co.uk Telephone: 01244 663400 ext. 235 accountS & admIn manaGEr Emma McCrindle email: accounts@jazzpublishing.co.uk Telephone: 01244 663400 ext. 207 admInIStratIon Jan Schofield email: jan@jazzpublishing.co.uk Telephone: 01244 663400 ext. 219 Katie-Marie Challinor email: katie@jazzpublishing...
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...For a long time now body art and decoration has been a custom in many cultural groups. Through research we have learned about the different types of body art and ornamentation such as permanent and nonpermanent tattooing, scarification, and piercings. These forms of body art and ornamentation are done for a variety of reasons, ranging from identification purposes to religious rituals. “Skin, as a visible way of defining individual identity and cultural difference, is not only a highly elaborated preoccupation in many cultures; it is also the subject of wide-ranging and evolving scholarly discourse in the humanities and social sciences” (Schildkrout, 2004). The process of ornamentation and body art is usually a painful experience, but it is a way to signify a person’s self-discovery and their place in society. In this paper, I will explore the different aspects of body art and ornamentation in two different cultures; the Maori people of New Zealand and the Yoruba’s of West Africa and explain the cultural importance of their art. Throughout West Africa it is not uncommon to come across people that have scar stripe patterns on their cheeks. The facial stripes that they wear are not produced by paint or tattoos, like many other cultures, but only by scarification. However, in his article, Orie explains that not all of the Yoruba people have the facial stripes. Okola is a term used for describing someone whose face is scarred, it means ‘the one with facial stripes’. People that...
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...the latest generations have gradually started opening up to embrace a whole new subculture---a subculture that is more experimental with art, music and sports. Crews and crews of Graffiti artists as well as Skaters are flourishing, Local bands are reaching new heights, and of course, the Industry of Tattooing is growing by the minute. The word tattoo was said to have two major derivations. From the Polynesian word “Ta” which means “to strike something” and from the Tahitian word “Tatau” which means “to mark something”. Archaeologists across the globe have unearthed preserved corpses and mummies that are tattooed. These mummies are said to have lived thousands of years ago, and most of the bodies bore tattoos that signify their cultures, ranks and beliefs. According to research, tattooing has been in activity to many countries such as Japan, Egypt, China, Polynesia, New Zealand, Indonesia, India, Thailand, Africa, Ancient Greece and Rome, America, England, France, and the Middle East thousands of years ago. It is arguably claimed that tattooing has existed since 12,000 years BC and it is as diverse as the people who wear them. The purpose of tattooing varies from culture to culture and its place on the time line. Tattoos have served as rites of passage, marks of status or rank, symbols of religious and spiritual...
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...pigmented fluid used for writing and drawing, or a viscous compound used for printing (Lagasse, 2014). Ink can be purchased in various colors, although ink could be purchased in different colors the mostly frequently used color in today’s society is black Ink. In the India culture ink is mainly used by artists and architects (Lagasse, 2014). In today’s society ink can serve many purposes such as the ink’s carrier, colorants, and other additives affect the flow and thickness of the ink and its appearance when dry (Ink Compostion Chemical Componet, Petro Chemical, 2014). From my knowledge of history the Egyptians started out by using ink on stones. As history moved on the Egyptians went from using ink on stones to using ink on paper to record their different manuscripts and from their manuscripts books were made. Throughout history, ink has been used for many different things. For instance our founding fathers signed the Constitution with ink. Ink symbolizes stability in society; contrary to pencils the ink in a pen is permanent. Ink has been most beneficial to society because it’s the power of the pen that makes society function. For example, ink is used by our government (President, Congressmen) to put laws into effect and also to change laws. Ink is also used to print our daily newspapers, magazines, posters, books etc. Ink has also been beneficial in society within our workplace. For example, before beginning employment in most of our...
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...blood and infected bodily fluids. This can occur through activities that involve percutaneous punctures through the skin, or mucosal contact with infectious blood or body fluids. Examples of ways that an individual could contract Hepatitis B might include: Sex with an infected partner; Birth to an infected mother; Coming in contact with the blood or sores of someone infected with Hepatitis B; (exposure to infected blood via a blood transfusion) Needle sticks with a dirty or contaminated needle or sharp instrument; Sharing items with an infected person such as toothbrushes or razors; RISK FACTORS: -Transfusion of unscreened blood; -Sexual promiscuity; - Sharing of or re-using of syringes between injection drug users; -Tattooing; -Working or residing in a health-care facility; -Living in a correctional facility; -Renal dialysis -long-term household or intimate non-sexual contact with and HBs Ab-positive individual. HBV is not spread through food or water, sharing common objects such as kitchen utensils, via hugging or kissing, casual contact or by being exposed to someone with HBV who may cough or sneeze. This virus can live for as long as 7 days outside of the human body and still be able to produce infection in a new host. ("Centers for Disease Control & Prevention," 2013) The incubation period for HBV is 60-150 days after exposure. The symptoms of Hepatitis B infections will begin an average of 90 days after the initial exposure to the virus...
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...Hepatitis B is a global health problem, it is a liver infection that can cause serious complications and is potentially life threatening arising from the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This paper will provide an overview of hepatitis B, including demographic information, determinants of health, the epidemiological triangle, the role of the community health nurse and a national organization that addresses the communicable disease. Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by HBV; the infection can be classified as acute or chronic (Daniel, 2014). An individual with acute hepatitis infection may not exhibit symptoms and are unaware they may be carrying the HBV. During this time, individuals infected with the virus may pass the virus on to others, symptoms do not persist longer than two to three weeks, it is considered short term. Normal liver function returns in four to six months. Symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, low-grade fever, tenderness to right upper quadrant, jaundice, fatigue, muscle and joint aches and pain (Daniel, 2014). Tests performed will be positive for the hepatitis B virus, which are HBsAg+, HBc-IgM and HBe-antigen. The HBV is transmitted when the virus enters the bloodstream through breaks in the skin, the mouth and genitalia areas. Examples include unprotected sex, exposure to needle sticks, skin punctures (skin piercing, tattoos, acupuncture) and sharing personal items that are contaminated (www.cdc.gov). Healthy adults with...
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...Health Organization defines epidemiology as “the study of the distribution and determinants of health- related states or events, and the application of the study to the control of diseases and other health problems” (CDC, 2014). Determinates of health are “the circumstances in which people are born, live, work and age as well as the systems put in place to deal with illness”. The communicable disease chain is a model beneficial to integrating the many concepts of communicable diseases (Maurer & Smith, 2009). A nurse has a significant role in preventing and controlling infectious disease. A vital factor in preparing for clinical nursing practice is having an understanding of the infection process and techniques on how to prevent it. This paper focuses on a prevalent communicable disease, Hepatitis B. This writer will give a description of the disease, the demographic affected by the disease, what determinates contribute to the development of Hepatitis B, she will discuss the epidemiology triangle of the disease, explain the role of the community health nurse in this community, and explain various agencies and resources patients diagnosed with this disease can access. Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. Two types exist: the acute illness and the chronic illness. In the acute illness, the immune system is able to rid the body of the virus and a complete recovery may occur in a few months. Chronic hepatitis infections last six months or longer...
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