...Jackpots” written by David Trahair. The aim of this review will be to give a detailed outlined of each chapter, a personal review as well as a conclusion. This book outlines many ways to save money as well as how to be efficient in terms of spending and saving. The author attempts to prove that every person should try to save in order to retire comfortably while advocating the principal of a “cash cow”. Meaning an asset that continues to produce income over its entire lifespan. Examples of a cash cow can be summed up to a dairy cow, meaning that even after the dairy cow is purchased and paid for, it continues to provide income for the owner in the form of milk. The book also attempts to reflect on different investments products such as Tax Free Savings Accounts and RRSP’s and the difference (Pro’s and Con’s) associated with each of these. This book also outlines the difference between home ownership, renting and condos. Each of these residential properties has significant Pro’s and Con’s that should be considered by all citizens that are actively looking to purchase a new residential property. Chapter 1 _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter one describes the relationship as well as the differences between the term “Cash cow”, “Cash pigs” and “Jackpots”. The Author identifies each term by giving examples and scenarios. During the duration of this book, the word “cash cow” is defined as “ A business...
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... Risk and Term Structure of Interest Rates Two ques3ons about interest rates of bonds ¤ Why bonds with the same maturity have different yields/ interest rates? => Risk structure of interest rates ¤ Why bonds with iden3fied characteris3cs have different yields/ interest rates? => Term structure of interest rates FIGURE 1 Long-‐Term Bond Yields, 1919– 2008 Sources: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Banking and Monetary Sta4s4cs, 1941–1970; Federal Reserve: www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h15/data.htm. Risk Structure of Interest Rates ¤ Bonds with the same maturity have different interest rates due to they have different characteris3cs of: ¤ Default risk ¤ Liquidity ¤ Tax considera3ons/ tax status ¤ Special provisions Default risk ¤ Default (credit) risk: probability that the issuer of the bond is unable or unwilling to make interest payments or pay off the face value ¤ Securi3es...
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...Firms AUS | * Sole proprietorship * Partnership * Limited liability company * Corporation | * Sole traders * Partnerships * Trusts * Companies | Corporations * Legal entity separate from its owners must be legally formed * Ownership represented by shares of stock, sum of which is OE * Tax implications * Double taxation in the US (only concerned with ‘C’ corporations) * Corporate tax rate is 34% * Personal tax rate on dividend income is 15% * Dividend imputation in Australia (franking credits) * You only pay the amount required to make your total tax rate your personal Dividend Imputation * Australian company tax rate: τc=30% * Company earning for $1 dividend income: gross dividend=div1-tc * For $1 dividends, company must earn $1.4286 @ 30% company tax rate * Franking (imputation) credit: Dividends paid have a credit attached for tax paid by the corporation franking credit=gross div-div=div1-τc*τc * Shareholders compute tax at their own tax rate (τp) based on the corporation’s pre-tax income, then subtract the tax paid at the corporate level net shareholder tax=div1-τc*(τP-τC) Corporate Ownership versus Control * Shareholders: Own the Corp, but have no say in daily operations * Board of Directors: * Elected by shareholders * Ultimate decision-making authority * CEO: Typically delegated day-to-day decision making by Board * CFO (financial manager) ...
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...characterizes the firm with the greatest amount of financial risk? A. High debt-to-equity ratio, high interest coverage ratio, stable return on equity. B. Low debt-to-equity ratio, low interest coverage ratio, volatile return on equity. C. High debt-to-equity ratio, low interest coverage ratio, volatile return on equity. D. Low debt-to-equity ratio, high interest coverage ratio, stable return on equity. 4. Which of the following classes of securities are listed in order from lowest risk/opportunity for return to highest risk/opportunity for return? (E) A. U.S. Treasury bonds; corporate first mortgage bonds; corporate income bonds; preferred stock. B. Corporate income bonds; corporate mortgage bonds; convertible preferred stock; subordinated debentures. C. Common stock; corporate first mortgage bonds; corporate second mortgage bonds; corporate income bonds. D. Preferred stock; common stock; corporate mortgage...
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...CASE STUDY HOMEWORK CORPORATE FINANCE 1 The Situation: In 2010 a new company was created in order to enter into the food industry. They spent many months in studying the market, engineering the products and the commercial strategy, find out the production plants. At the end of 2010 the business plan is ready and the company has already participated to an exhibition where many potential customers said to be very interested to the project. The problem: A private equity institution gets in touch with the company in order to buy 30% of the company buying new shares. The company wonders about the value of such shares, that is why the company asks a consultant to provide an estimation. The business idea: To manufacture in Italy, thanks to the well-known reliable partners, in order to maintain high quality. This way the company will be the leader in the market. To create franchising shops, in order to develop the brand and the customers' loyalty. To let franchisee pay weekly only the final goods he has already sold. This way: The company knows the daily amount of sales and also the product mix. Moreover it becomes easier to modify the production and to minimize the stock. Cash-inflows get closer, while the working capital investment becomes lower with a lower customer credit risk. Financial forecast: The business plan has been developed looking at an exhaustive market analysis. Forecast data are reliable; they refer to the first five years. The target is to open 80 franchising...
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...to boost investment in the infrastructure sector with a view to propel the economy on an over 9 per cent growth trajectory in the coming years. The measures include the issuance of tax-free bonds worth Rs 30,000 crore and extending income tax exemption on tax-saving infrastructure bonds up to a maximum of Rs 20,000 for one more year. Presenting the Union Budget for 2011-12, Mukherjee said the government intends to spend Rs 2.14 lakh crore as budgetary support for the infrastructure sector in 2011-12 and will set up an infra debt fund to promote foreign investment in the sector. "We will introduce special infrastructure debt funds to attract foreign financing in infrastructure," he said. Mukherjee said the Indian Railways Finance Corporation (IRFC) and National Highways Authority of India Limited (NHAI) will issue tax-free bonds of Rs 10,000 crore each, while tax-free bonds worth Rs 5,000 crore each will be issued by HUDCO and the port sector, respectively. He also announced that foreign portfolio investment would be permitted in SEBI-registered mutual funds and hiked the FII investment limit by an additional USD 20 billion for investment in infrastructure-related sectors. With this step, he said that FIIs will be eligible to invest up to USD 40 billion in corporate bonds, including a total of USD 25 billion in the infrastructure sector. Mukherjee also said the government has kept a target for spending Rs 2.14 lakh crore in the infrastructure sector...
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...capital is a crucial measure used in the capital budgeting process and determining what projects are profitable for the firm. The most common method of estimating the cost of capital in firms is the WACC, as it accounts for both debt and equity as sources of financing. This measure focuses on current financial market conditions and hence, ignores irrelevant historical costs. There are two major components to estimating the WACC for a company – the cost of debt and the cost of equity. Refer to Appendix 1 for a full breakdown of the WACC formula. The cost of debt is straightforward to measure. It consists of the yield to maturity on long-term debt for the company. This rate is multiplied by the difference of 1 minus the marginal tax rate to reflect the tax benefit received from interest paid. Interest...
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...INVEST MENT MANA VAULT CAREER GUIDE TO INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT ANDREW SCHLOSSBERG WITH ALEXANDER GORELIK AND THE STAFF OF VAULT © 2002 Vault Inc. Vault Career Guide to Investment Management Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 1 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 The Industry Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 THE SCOOP Buy-side vs. Sell-side 3 11 Jobs on the Buy-side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Jobs on the Sell-side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Recommended Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 The Clients of Asset Managers 21 Mutual Funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Institutional Investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 High Net Worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Investment Styles 33 Type of Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Risk Characteristics of Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Portfolio Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Summary...
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...Confidential Financial Investment Opportunities Prepared for: Ms. Joey Lai (Lecturer) Financial Investment Opportunities Banking Academy, Hanoi BTEC HND in Business (Finance) Prepared by: BBQ CLASS: F06B 1 Confidential Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Assess the risk tolerance/attitudes of individual investors to risk when evaluating the suitability of investments. ............................................................................................................... 4 1.1.1: Low risk ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.1.2: Mid risk ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.1.3: High risk ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Evaluate a range of investments available from banks, building societies, insurance companies and national savings. ..................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1: Bank .................................................................................................................................. 7 1.2.1: Building society .......................................................
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...a shown below. WACC: (%debt)* (pretax cost of debt capital)*(1-marginal effective tax rate) + (%equity)*(cost of equity capital) In order to calculate Boeing’s debt percentage, it is assumed in this analysis that the capital structure remains the same and is unaffected by the current potential 7E7 project. The debt/equity ratio is .525, as listed in Exhibit 10 of the case. To calculate the total market value of debt, the market value of all of the bonds listed in Exhibit 11 must be summed. The market value is $5,023.28M. By dividing this value by .525, the market value of equity can be calculated at $9,568.15M. Dividing $5,023.28M by $14,591.43M (sum of market value of debt plus the market value of equity) and multiplying by 100 gives the percent debt of 34.43%. Please see Exhibit 1 for calculations. The pretax cost of debt capital will be the yield to maturity of a proxy bond. The bond that matures on 2/15/2013 will be used as a proxy for the entire cost of debt capital because of its relative size in relation to the entire company’s debt capital. Additionally, the maturity date most closely matches when the largest amount of cash inflows will be needed by Boeing. The yield to maturity of this bond is 4.657%. Though the marginal effective tax rate is listed as 35% in cash flow estimations from the case, this is seems like too aggressive of a number. Instead, the tax rate I will use in estimations will be 27.1%. The...
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...Solutions to Lectures on Corporate Finance, Second Edition Peter Bossaerts and Bernt Arne Ødegaard 2006 Contents 1 Finance 2 Axioms of modern corporate finance 3 On Value Additivity 4 On the Efficient Markets Hypothesis 5 Present Value 6 Capital Budgeting 7 Valuation Under Uncertainty: The CAPM 8 Valuing Risky Cash Flows 9 Introduction to derivatives. 10 Pricing Derivatives 11 Pricing of Multiperiod, Risky Investments 12 Where To Get State Price Probabilities? 13 Warrants 14 The Dynamic Hedge Argument 15 Multiple Periods in the Binomial Option Pricing Model 16 An Application: Pricing Corporate Bonds 17 Are capital structure decisions relevant? 18 Maybe capital structure affects firm value after all? 19 Valuation Of Projects Financed Partly With Debt 20 And What About Dividends? 21 Risk And Incentive Management 1 2 3 4 6 14 21 25 28 34 36 39 40 42 49 55 60 64 68 70 73 Finance 1 Chapter 1 Finance 2 Axioms of modern corporate finance Chapter 2 Axioms of modern corporate finance On Value Additivity 3 Chapter 3 On Value Additivity Problems 3.1 Ketchup [2] As an empirical investigation, check your local supermarket. Does 2 ketchup bottles of 0.5 litres cost the same as one ketchup bottle of 1 liter? What does this tell you about value additivity in financial markets? 3.2 Milk [2] Why is skimmed milk always cheaper than regular milk even if it is healthier? Solutions 3.1 Ketchup [2] 3.2 Milk [2] 4 On the Efficient Markets Hypothesis ...
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...short-term investments + inventories) then find the DSO = Receivables / sales / 365 Q3- [7.5 marks] (a) define LRP (b) similar question to 1-4 Q4- [7.5 marks] the same question as 6-1 Q5- [7.5 marks] the same question as ST-1 from chapter 10 Part 2 : answer only 2 questions Q1- what are the key features bond ? and Discuss The relationship between Coupon interest and Market interest? Q2- - What are the differences between Systematic risk and Unsystematic risk ? - Define Standard Diviation - Q3- what is the difference between Independent & Mutualy Exclusive projects , give example of each Contents Interest Rate calculation6 Problem 1-1 (Expected Rate of Interest) page 426 Another clear answer: (1-1)7 Problem (1-2) page 42, Default Risk Premium8 A clear answer: (1-2)9 Problem (1-3) page 42, Maturity Risk Premium10 Problem (1-4) page 42, Expected Rate of Interest10 Problem (1-5) page 42, , Maturity Risk Premium12 (3-1) Personal After- Tax Yield13 (3-2) Personal After-Tax Yield14 (3-6) Cash Flow15 (3-8) Free Cash Flow17 Problem (4-3) page # 166, Expected and Required Rates of Return19 Problem (4-4) page # 166,...
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...reward to risk ratio will be based on a different risk free rate of return c. systematic risk can be diversified away d. assets in a well organized, active market, will have the same reward to risk ratio e. all assets will have the same risk premium 2. Unsystematic risk is also known as ___________. a. total risk b. systematic risk c. diversifiable or firm specific risk d. non-diversifiable risk e. specific risk 3. Which of the following is true regarding the beta coefficient? a. It is a measure of unsystematic risk b. A beta greater than one represents lower systematic risk than the market c. Generally speaking, the higher the beta the higher the expected return d. A beta of one indicates an asset is totally risk free e. The risk premium of an asset will increase if the beta of that asset decreases 4. Which of the following describe(s) a portfolio that plots below the security market line? a. The security is undervalued b. The security is providing a return that is higher than expected c. The security is overvalued d. The security’s beta is too low e. The security provides a return that exceeds the average return on the market 5. What is the expected return for the following stock? State Probability E(Ri) Average .55 .20 Recession .20 .10 Depression .25 -.20 a. .055 b. .080 c. .095 d. .105 e. .110 6. What is the risk premium if the risk-free rate is 5%? Note: E(R)=Risk Free Rate + Risk Premium State Probability E(Ri) ...
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...when they need it for expansion or project funding. Chapter 2: 7. What is the purpose of a balance sheet? What are some examples of typical balance sheet accounts? 8. What is the purpose of an income statement? What are some examples of typical income statement accounts? 9. What is the purpose of a statement of cash flows? What are some examples of typical statement of cash flow accounts? 10. a. What are “Free Cash Flows (FCF)?” b. What is “NOPAT?” 11. What was Joe’s average, or effective tax rate in 2014? 12. What was Joe’s NOPAT in 2014? 13. What was Joe’s Free Cash Flow (FCF) in 2014? (Note: For this question, assume Joe obtained no new plant and equipment or additional net working capital in 2014. Thus his Net Investment in Operating Capital (NIOC) for 2014 is $0.00.) 14. Suppose you were an investor and you were considering whether to buy a corporate bond from Joe’s Corporation or a Municipal Bond from the city of St. Louis. Joe’s corporate bond has a yield of 6%. The St Louis...
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...when they need it for expansion or project funding. Chapter 2: 7. What is the purpose of a balance sheet? What are some examples of typical balance sheet accounts? 8. What is the purpose of an income statement? What are some examples of typical income statement accounts? 9. What is the purpose of a statement of cash flows? What are some examples of typical statement of cash flow accounts? 10. a. What are “Free Cash Flows (FCF)?” b. What is “NOPAT?” 11. What was Joe’s average, or effective tax rate in 2014? 12. What was Joe’s NOPAT in 2014? 13. What was Joe’s Free Cash Flow (FCF) in 2014? (Note: For this question, assume Joe obtained no new plant and equipment or additional net working capital in 2014. Thus his Net Investment in Operating Capital (NIOC) for 2014 is $0.00.) 14. Suppose you were an investor and you were considering whether to buy a corporate bond from Joe’s Corporation or a Municipal Bond from the city of St. Louis. Joe’s corporate bond has a yield of 6%. The St Louis...
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