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Tax Planning

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Tax Planning dan Pengendalian atas PPh Pasal 21
A. KOMPENSASI KARYAWAN: TUNAI VS NATURA
Karyawan yang bekerja di sebuah perusahaan dan pemberi kerja lain akan menerima imbal hasil dari jasa yang ia diberikan, berupa kompensasi. Kompensasi yang diberikan oleh pemberi kerja dapat berupa gaji, upah, honorarium, bonus, tunjangan-tunjangan seperti dana pensiun dan tanggungan biaya kesehatan, sampai pemberian fasilitas yang biasa kita kenal dengan biaya kenikmatan atau natura. Pemberi kerja tentu ingin memaksimalkan keuntungan yang mereka terima, dengan memaksimalkan biaya yang bisa mereka bebankan sebagai pengurang penghasilan, agar pajak yang mereka bayarkan semakin sedikit. Di lain pihak, pemberi kerja juga ingin memacu motivasi karyawannya agar dapat bekerja secara produktif dengan memberikan kompensasi tambahan, disamping kompensasi pokok yang mereka berikan. Dalam hal ini, pemberi kerja harus memperhitungkan dengan cermat kebijakan yang akan mereka pilih. Idealnya tentu mereka ingin agar dapat memberikan kompensasi tambahan, dan biayanya dibebankan. Maka dari itu, sebagai bagian dari tax planning, pemberi kerja dapat mempertimbangkan cara pemberian kompensasi tersebut. Natura, menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia diartikan sebagai “barang yang sebenarnya, bukan dalam bentuk uang (ttg pembayaran).” Sedangkan menurut Surat Edaran Dirjan Pajak Nomor SE-03/PJ.23/1984 tentang pengertian kenikmatan dalam bentuk natura (seri PPh Pasal 21-02), kenikmatan dalam bentuk natura adalah setiap balas jasa yang diterima atau diperoleh pegawai, karyawan, atau karyawati dan atau keluarganya tidak dalam bentuk uang dari pemberi kerja. Didalam UU PPh Nomor 36 Tahun 2008, istilah natura dapat dilihat dalam beberapa pasal, diantaranya pasal 4 ayat 3 huruf d dan pasal 9 ayat 1. Natura mengandung konsep taxable dan deductible. Artinya, natura dapat dibebankan sebagaimana kompensasi pokok, sejauh natura yang diberikan dan pemberiannya sesuai dengan ketentuan perpajakan. Natura yang dapat dikurangkan sebagai beban bagi perusahaan adalah natura yang (1) berupa pemberian makanan dan minuman bagi seluruh pegawai, (2) natura yang diberikan berkenaan dengan pelaksanaan pekerjaan didaerah tertentu dalam rangka menunjang kebijakan pemerintah untuk mendorong pembangunan didaerah tersebut, (3) natura yang merupakan keharusan dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan sebagai sarana keselamatan kerja atau karena sifat pekerjaan yang mengharuskannya. Pemberian kompensasi secara tunai, sejauh sesuai dengan peraturan perpajakan sebenarnya dapat dibiayakan dan tidak akan cenderung menarik perhatian petugas pajak untuk melakukan koreksi fiskal. Misalnya, sebagai contoh, jika pemberi kerja ingin memberikan tunjangan berupa beras pada saat hari raya keagamaan, perusahaan dapat memberikannya dalam bentuk tunai, tidak perlu dalam bentuk fisik, karena tidak dapat dikurangkan sebagai biaya.
B. METODE PERHITUNGAN PPh PASAL 21
Dalam perhitungan pajak penghasilan (PPh 21) ada 3 metode yang bisa digunakan, yaitu:
1. Gross method adalah metode pemotongan pajak dimana karyawan menanggung sendiri jumlah pajak penghasilannya. Perusahaan hanya berkewajiban memungut dari pegawai dan melaporkan/menyetor ke kantor pajak atas jumlah yang telah dipotong dari pegawai.
2. Net method merupakan pemotongan pajak dimana perusahaan menanggung pajak karyawannya.
Secara fiskal perlakuannya adalah:
· Atas beban yang timbul bagi pemberi penghasilan bersifat non-deductible (tidak dapat menjadi pengurang penghasilan perusahaan), artinya pada waktu perusahaan melaporkan SPT PPh Badan, beban ini boleh dikurangi dari pendapatan, dan beban pph ps 29 menjadi lebih besar
· Atas fasilitas yang dinikmati penerima penghasilan (pegawai) berupa pajak PPh ps 21 yang dibayarkan oleh perusahaan tidak termaksud dalam perhitungan penghasilan penerima penghasilan.
3. Gross up method adalah metode pemotongan pajak dimana perudahaan memberikan tunjangan pajak yang jumlanya sama besar dengan jumlah pajak yang akan dipotong dari karyawan.
Seperti yang sudah dijelaskan diatas, bahwa metode gross up dimana jumlah tunjangan pajak dan jumlah pajak yang harus dibayar sama besar dapat di ilustrasikan sebagai berikut.

Penghasilan = X Tunjangan Pajak = 100 Total penghasilan bruto = 100+X Pengurang: - Biaya Jabatan : - Biaya Jamsostek : Total Pengurang Penghasilan = Y Jumlah Penghasilan Neto = 100+X–Y PTKP = Z PKP = 100+X–Y–Z PPh terhutang = 100
Dalam menghitung PPh pasal 21 tarif yang digunakan adalah tarif progresif berdasarkan pasal 17 UU No 36 Tahun 2008, yaitu:

LAPISAN PENGHASILAN KENA PAJAK
TARIF PAJAK
0-50.000000
15%
>50.000000-250.000.000
15%
>250.000000- 500.000.0000
25%
>500.000.000
30%
Secara matematis untuk menghitung PPh dengan metode Gross Up tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
PKP
Rumus Mencari Tunjangan PPh s/d 47.500.000
PKP setahun-0 X 5/95 + 0
>47.500.000 s/d 217.500.000
PKP Setahun – 47.500.000 X 15/85 + 2.500.000
>217.500.000 s/d 405.000.000
PKP Setahun -217.500.000 X 25/75 + 32.500.000
>405.000.000 s/d…….
PKP setahun – 405.000.000 x 30/70 + 95.000.000
CONTOH KASUS
Heru, bekerja sebagai dokter dengan gaji perbulan Rp 20.000.000 dengan status kawin TK/0, JKK & JKM 0,54% dari gaji sedangkan JTH 2% dari gaji. Hitunglah berapa tunjangan pajak yang harus diberikan per tahun jika PPh 21 dihitung berdasarkan metode Gross Up?
Gaji (1 tahun)
240.000.000
Jamsostek
1.296.000
Penghasilan bruto
241.296000
pengurang

Biaya jabatan
6.000.000
JHT
4.800.000

10.800.000
Penghasilan Neto
230.496.000
PTKP (TK/0)
24.300.000
PKP
206.196.000
PKPnya adalah 206.196.000 maka termaksud dalam kelompok lapisan III, maka PPH terutang adalah
Tunjangan PPH : 206.196.000 - 47.500.000 X 15/85 + 2.500.000= 30.505.176
Pembuktian kebenaran
Gaji (satu tahun)
240.000.000
Tunjangan pajak
30.505.176
Jamsostek
1.296.000
Penghasilan Bruto
271.801.176
Pengurang

Biaya Jabatan
6.000.000
JHT
4.800.000

10.800.000
Penghasilan Netto
261.001.176
PTKP (TK/0)
24.300.000
PKP
236.701.176
PPh

5% 50.000000
2.500.000
15% 186.243.765
27.936.565

30.505.176

Terbukti tunjangan yang harus diberikan adalah Rp. 30.505.176
C. KONSEP TAXABLE DAN DEDUCTIBLE TERKAIT DENGAN UNSUR-UNSUR BIAYA
Taxable dan Deductible merupakan konsep dalam perpajakan berkaitan dengan penghasilan yang dapat dikenakan pajak, dan biaya yang dapat dijadikan pengurang penghasilan yang akan dikenakan pajak. Taxable merupakan macam-macam penghasilan yang dapat dikenai pajak, sehingga pajak yang akan dibayarkan perusahaan semakin kecil. Sedangkan deductible adalah macam-macam biaya yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pengurang penghasilan, yang pada akhirnya juga akan memperkecil pajak yang akan dibayarkan oleh wajib pajak. Penghasilan, sebagai obyek pajak terbagi atas tiga golongan, yaitu penghasilan yang dikenai pajak, penghasilan yang dikenai pajak bersifat final, serta penghasilan yang bukan obyek pajak. Penghasilan yang sifatnya taxable (terutang PPh) adalah penghasilan yang dikenai pajak dan dikenai pajak bersifat final. Hanya saja, penghasilan pajak yang bersifat final tidak perlu lagi dimasukkan ke dalam perhitungan, karena sudah dipotong secara langsung oleh pihak lain. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada UU PPh Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 pasal 4. Penghasilan, yang masuk dalam kategori taxable harus dikenakan pajak, sehingga akan menambah kewajiban perpajakan wajib pajak. Sedangkan jika tidak termasuk taxable, dikeluarkan dari perhitungan, sehingga akan memperkecil kewajiban perpajakan wajib pajak. Sedangkan beban yang deductible menurut pajak adalah beban yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan, memelihara, dan menagih penghasilan, dan diatur dalam UU PPh Nomor 36 Tahun 2008, Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia no. 93 Tahun 2010, PMK Nomor 02/PMK.03/2010, dan Keputusan Dirjen Pajak KEP-220/PJ/2002, termasuk natura yang dapat dibiayakan (deductible). Jika natura tidak termasuk kedalam yang diatur perundang-undangan, maka wajib pajak dapat membuat daftar nominatif berkaitan dengan biaya yang dikeluarkan, yang digolongkan sebagai natura atau biaya kenikmatan. Misalnya, biaya jamuan makan malam klien, yang digunakan untuk memperlancar proyek bagi suatu perusahaan. Sebenarnya biaya ini tidak dapat dikurangkan, karena tidak berkaitan dengan biaya untuk mendapatkan, memelihara, dan menagih penghasilan. Namun, jika memiliki business reason yang cukup, didukung dengan bukti berupa daftar nominatif, biaya ini dapat dibiayakan. Beban yang deductible dapat mengurangi kewajiban perpajakan wajib pajak, sedangkan yang non deductible harus dimasukkan ke dalam perhitungan, sehingga akan menambah besar kewajiban perpajakan wajib pajak. Pengetahuan mengenai konsep taxable dan deductible sangat penting diketahui, agar tax planning dapat dilakukan dengan baik. Pihak yang melakukan tax planning perlu memahami dengan benar konsep ini, agar dapat memisahkan jenis penghasilan yang taxable dan non taxable, serta beban yang deductible dan yang non deductible. Jika tidak, maka kemungkinan akan terkena rekonsiliasi fiskal dari petugas pajak.
D. REKONSILIASI OBJEK PPH PASAL 21
Rekonsiliasi fiskal adalah suatu mekanisme penyesuaian pelaporan keuangan wajib pajak yang pelaporannya berdasarkan ketentuan komersial, disesuaikan dengan ketentuan perpajakan. Hal ini dilakukan agar laba dalam laporan keuangan wajib pajak yang menjadi dasar perhitungan pengenaan pajaknya sesuai dengan ketentuan perpajakan. Fokus rekonsiliasi adalah pada laporan laba rugi perusahaan.Rekonsiliasi objek PPH pasal 21 adalah rekonsiliasi yang difokuskan pada objek PPH pasal 21 yang oleh perusahaan dapat dijadikan sebagai biaya perusahaan. Berikut adalah biaya-biaya yang boleh dijadikan pengurang penghasilan bruto perusahaan (detail tedapat pada pph pasal 21 ayat 6 (1) :
1. Biaya yang berhubungan secara langsung atau tidak langsung dengan kegiatan usaha
2. Biaya pembelian bahan
3. Biaya berkenaan dengan pekerjaan atau jasa (termasuk gaji, honorarium, bonus, gratifikasi, dan tunjangan yang diberikan dalam bentuk uang)
4. Biaya bunga, sewa, dan royalty
5. Biaya perjalanan
6. Biaya pengelolaan limbah
7. Premi asuransi
8. Biaya administrasi
9. Pajak, kecuali pajak penghasilan
10. Penyusutan dan amortisasi
11. Iuran kepada dana pensiun (sah menurut Menteri Keuangan)
12. Kerugian karena penjualan/pengalihan harta yang dimiliki dalam perusahaan
13. Kerugian karena selisih kurs mata uang
14. Biaya penelitian dan pengembangan perusahaan yang dilakukan di Indonesia
15. Biaya beasiswa, magang dan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan SDM
16. Piutang yang nyata-nyata tidak dapat ditagih, dengan syarat
17. Sumbangan dalam rangka penanggulangan bencana nasional
18. Sumbangan dalam rangka penelitian dan pengembangan yang dilakukan di Indonesia
19. Biaya pembangunan infrastruktur social
20. Sumbangan fasilitas pendidikan
21. Sumbangan dalam rangka pembinaan olah raga
Pembahasan dalam tulisan ini difokuskan pada poin 3 yaitu biaya berkenaan dengan pekerjaan atau jasa (termasuk gaji, honorarium, bonus, gratifikasi, dan tunjangan yang diberikan dalam bentuk uang). Tidak semua biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan bagi karyawan dapat dijadikan biaya oleh perusahaan dalam perhitungan labanya. Pemberian fasilitas dalam bentuk natura/kenikmatan diluar yang telah diatur dalam pph pasal 21, tidak dapat dijadikan biaya oleh perusahaan.

E. PERBEDAAN LABA KOMERSIAL DAN LABA FISKAL
Perbedaan antara laba komersial dan laba fiskal disebabkan oleh penggunaan pedoman penyusunan laporan. Laba komersial diperoleh sesuai dengan perhitungan dan pengakuan biaya maupun pendapatan menurut SAK. Sedangkan Laba fiskal diperoleh dari pengakuan biaya dan pendapatan yang diatur dalam undang-undang perpajakan. Perbedaan anatar laba komersial dan laba fiscal dibagi menjadi 2 jenis yaitu:
1. Beda Tetap
2. Beda Waktu

1. Beda Tetap
Perbedaan pengakuan baik biaya ataupun pendapatan oleh wajib pajak yang untuk pengakuan tersebut tidak diakui oleh perpajakan. Dalam hal ini terkat biaya karyawan, maka pemberian dalam bentuk natura (diluar ketetapan perpajakan) yang oleh perusahaan telah dibiayakan harus dikeluarkan dari unsur biaya. Hal ini dikarenakan biaya tersebut tidak boleh diperlakukan sebagai pengurang pendapatan perusahaan (laba).

2. Beda Waktu
Perbedaan pengakuan biaya maupun pendapatan oleh wajib pajak yang juga diperbolehkan oleh perpajakan hanya saja jumlah yang diakui tidak dapat diakui semuanya karena beberapa ketentuan yang diatur dalam perpajakan. Hal ini seperti pemilihan metode penyusutan, yang dikenal dengan metode garis lurus ataupun saldo menurun berganda. Awal perhitungan terlihat beda, antara keduanya, namun ada satu waktu yang kedua metode memiliki nilai biaya yang sama.
Bagi saldo menenurun berganda, pengakuan nilai biaya penyusutannya diawal tahun besar yang mengakibatkan laba perusahaan menjadi kecil. Jumlah biaya tersebut akan turun ditahun-tahun berikutnya dan laba perusahaan perlahan naik (berbanding terbalik dengan biaya penyusutannya). Sedangkan untuk metode penyusutan garis lurus, biaya penyusutannya sama setiap tahunnya.
http://anakrantausumatera.blogspot.co.id/2015/08/tax-planning-dan-pengendalian-atas-pph.html

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...ACC 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning https://homeworklance.com/downloads/acc-555-entire-course-individual-tax-research-and-planning/ ACC 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning ACC 555 Assignment 1 – Tax Research Imagine that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has selected your client for an audit. Your client and the IRS disagree about the amount of tax revenue owed. You agree with your client’s position. You must provide a defense for the client that requires you to research the issues in order to render an educated opinion on a course of action for your client. Note: You may create and/or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment. Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you: 1. Prepare a defensible strategy for the client by using the six (6) steps in the tax research process. Propose how each of the steps provides support for the client’s position. 2. Create a fact-based argument that you plan to propose to the client as a defense of his / her position with the IRS. ACC 555 Assignment 2 – Tax-Deductible Losses Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you: 1. Research the manner in which tax-deductible losses originally became part of the U.S. Tax Code. Conclude whether or not tax-deductible losses overall are reasonable. Provide support for your conclusions. 2. Suggest what you believe to be a significant tax-deductible loss. Discuss whether or not the deductibility...

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Acc 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning

...ACC 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning https://homeworklance.com/downloads/acc-555-entire-course-individual-tax-research-and-planning/ ACC 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning ACC 555 Assignment 1 – Tax Research Imagine that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has selected your client for an audit. Your client and the IRS disagree about the amount of tax revenue owed. You agree with your client’s position. You must provide a defense for the client that requires you to research the issues in order to render an educated opinion on a course of action for your client. Note: You may create and/or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment. Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you: 1. Prepare a defensible strategy for the client by using the six (6) steps in the tax research process. Propose how each of the steps provides support for the client’s position. 2. Create a fact-based argument that you plan to propose to the client as a defense of his / her position with the IRS. ACC 555 Assignment 2 – Tax-Deductible Losses Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you: 1. Research the manner in which tax-deductible losses originally became part of the U.S. Tax Code. Conclude whether or not tax-deductible losses overall are reasonable. Provide support for your conclusions. 2. Suggest what you believe to be a significant tax-deductible loss. Discuss whether or not the deductibility...

Words: 2347 - Pages: 10

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Acc 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning

...ACC 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning https://homeworklance.com/downloads/acc-555-entire-course-individual-tax-research-and-planning/ ACC 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning ACC 555 Assignment 1 – Tax Research Imagine that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has selected your client for an audit. Your client and the IRS disagree about the amount of tax revenue owed. You agree with your client’s position. You must provide a defense for the client that requires you to research the issues in order to render an educated opinion on a course of action for your client. Note: You may create and/or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment. Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you: 1. Prepare a defensible strategy for the client by using the six (6) steps in the tax research process. Propose how each of the steps provides support for the client’s position. 2. Create a fact-based argument that you plan to propose to the client as a defense of his / her position with the IRS. ACC 555 Assignment 2 – Tax-Deductible Losses Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you: 1. Research the manner in which tax-deductible losses originally became part of the U.S. Tax Code. Conclude whether or not tax-deductible losses overall are reasonable. Provide support for your conclusions. 2. Suggest what you believe to be a significant tax-deductible loss. Discuss whether or not the deductibility...

Words: 2347 - Pages: 10

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Acc 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning

...ACC 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning https://homeworklance.com/downloads/acc-555-entire-course-individual-tax-research-and-planning/ ACC 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning ACC 555 Assignment 1 – Tax Research Imagine that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has selected your client for an audit. Your client and the IRS disagree about the amount of tax revenue owed. You agree with your client’s position. You must provide a defense for the client that requires you to research the issues in order to render an educated opinion on a course of action for your client. Note: You may create and/or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment. Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you: 1. Prepare a defensible strategy for the client by using the six (6) steps in the tax research process. Propose how each of the steps provides support for the client’s position. 2. Create a fact-based argument that you plan to propose to the client as a defense of his / her position with the IRS. ACC 555 Assignment 2 – Tax-Deductible Losses Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you: 1. Research the manner in which tax-deductible losses originally became part of the U.S. Tax Code. Conclude whether or not tax-deductible losses overall are reasonable. Provide support for your conclusions. 2. Suggest what you believe to be a significant tax-deductible loss. Discuss whether or not the deductibility...

Words: 2347 - Pages: 10

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Acc 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning

...555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning To Buy this Class Copy & paste below link in your Brower http://homeworkregency.com/downloads/acc-555-entire-course-individual-tax-research-and-planning/ Or Visit Our Website Visit : http://www.homeworkregency.com Email Us : homeworkregency@gmail.com ACC 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning ACC 555 Assignment 1 – Tax Research Imagine that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has selected your client for an audit. Your client and the IRS disagree about the amount of tax revenue owed. You agree with your client’s position. You must provide a defense for the client that requires you to research the issues in order to render an educated opinion on a course of action for your client. Note: You may create and/or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment. Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you: 1. Prepare a defensible strategy for the client by using the six (6) steps in the tax research process. Propose how each of the steps provides support for the client’s position. 2. Create a fact-based argument that you plan to propose to the client as a defense of his / her position with the IRS. ACC 555 Assignment 2 – Tax-Deductible Losses Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you: 1. Research the manner in which tax-deductible losses originally became part of the U.S. Tax Code. Conclude whether or not tax-deductible losses overall are...

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Acc 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning

...ACC 555 Entire Course Individual Tax Research and Planning http://homeworkfy.com/downloads/acc-555-entire-course-individual-tax-research-and-planning/ To Get this Tutorial Copy & Paste above URL Into Your Browser Hit Us Email for Any Inquiry at: Homeworkfy@gmail.com Visit our Site for More Tutorials: (http://homeworkfy.com/ ) ACC 555 Assignment 1 – Tax Research Imagine that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has selected your client for an audit. Your client and the IRS disagree about the amount of tax revenue owed. You agree with your client’s position. You must provide a defense for the client that requires you to research the issues in order to render an educated opinion on a course of action for your client. Note: You may create and/or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment. Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you: 1. Prepare a defensible strategy for the client by using the six (6) steps in the tax research process. Propose how each of the steps provides support for the client’s position. 2. Create a fact-based argument that you plan to propose to the client as a defense of his / her position with the IRS. ACC 555 Assignment 2 – Tax-Deductible Losses Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you: 1. Research the manner in which tax-deductible losses originally became part of the U.S. Tax Code. Conclude whether or not tax-deductible losses overall are reasonable. Provide support for your conclusions...

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