...are the first to experience sexual activity with multiple partners. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, HPV is the most common type of sexual transmitted infection/disease. There are more than 40 types that can infect the genital areas in both males and females which link to cervical cancer in females (CDC, 2012). HPV is associated with other transmitted diseases that are passed through genial contact, most often during vaginal and anal intercourse. A person can have HPV even if years have passed and had sexual contact with infected person, which infected people don’t realize their infected or passing the disease. However, HPV does cause normal cells in and on the skin to turn abnormal, in most cases the body can fight off HPV, though it can mutate into an infection that forms genital warts or caner. According, to many census and information there are about 20 million people that are infected with HPV, and 12,000 women get cervical cancer that are associated with HPV. The CDC and other institutes are taking charge limiting the amount of people that can get HPV. Currently vaccines are being given to both males and females to protect them against some of the most common types of HPV that can lead to disease and cancer. The most current vaccines are Cervarix and Gardasil which protect females against the type of HPV that causes cervical and anal cancer in both male and females. Other forms of prevention are condoms wish help lower...
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...population and disease that will be discussed in relation to epidemiology in this paper with be teens and pregnancy. This paper will explore the role of epidemiology in HPV and teenagers and the contributing factors. This paper will also discuss the definition and purpose of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle, and levels of preventions that is related with HPV and teenagers. Epidemiology is importance to public health in relation to disease prevention and health promotion. According to Stanhope & Lancaster (2008), epidemiology has been defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified population and the application of this study to control health problems. Epidemiology is not just “the study of” health in a population; it also involves applying the knowledge gained by the studies to community-based practice (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, n.d.). Epidemiology and its findings in relation to prevalence of diseases among certain populations is a vital ingredient to public health and the overall health of communities. The purpose of epidemiology is to find the cause of diseases that affect certain populations. The findings allow public health officials, leaders, and nurses to assess and evaluate current conditions, identify vulnerable populations, and plan for change. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that causes cervical and other anogenital cancers as well...
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...Papillomavirus (HPV) a classification of viruses that can affect the skin and the moist membranes of different parts of the body, including the mouth, throat and genital area of teens. HPV increases their risk for developing particular types of cancers. The vaccine Gardasil and Cervarix can be administered through needle injections as a series of three shots over a period of six months, for young girls up through age 26, and young boys through age 21 (Allen, H., 2014). Generally speaking, common sexually transmitted infections like HPV6 and HPV11; the cause of most cases of genital warts; and HPV16 and HPV18, are known as developing factors of cancers of the neck of the womb, or cervical cancers and are preventable...
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...19.7 million new STIs cases in the United States each year” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013, pg. 2). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI (Centers of Disease Control, 2014). “Human papillomavirus are small, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect the epithelium” (Centers of Disease and Control, 2012, pg. 1). According to the Centers of Disease Control, there are “79 million Americans that are currently infected with HPV. About 14 million people become infected each year” (Centers of Disease Control, 2014). With the number rising so quickly in the United States, they have developed vaccines to help minimize youth and young adults from contracting the infection. CDC recommends that all teen girls and women through the age of 26 and all teen boys and men through the age of 21 get vaccinated" (Crow, 2012, pg. 3). The vaccines best protect the individuals that are not sexual active before they receive the vaccine. "About 21,000 of HPV-related cancers could be prevented by getting the HPV vaccine" (Centers of Disease Control, 2014, pg. 2). Human papillomavirus has been linked to different types of cancers. Cervical cancer is the leading cancer linked to HPV. “In the early 1980s, cervical cancer cells were demonstrated to contain HPV’s DNA. Epidemiologic studies showing a consistent association between HPV and cervical cancer were published in the 1990s” (Centers of Disease and Control, 2012, pg. 1) There are approximately 500,000 cases of cervical...
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...Running Head: ADOLESCENTS AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES Adolescents Risky Sexually Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Shemeka Y. Coleman Limestone College Abstract In today’s society many adolescents are engaging in risky sexually behavior that is leading to a widespread of sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s). Adolescents are at a high risk of sexually transmitted disease because of the lack of sexually education and knowledge about sex in general and the effects and consequences of engaging in risky sexually behavior without the proper education or knowledge of the activities in which they choose to engage. Over a third of all high school students report being sexually active and of those students, ¼ will contract a sexually transmitted disease before they even graduate from high school. This results in over a million teenagers a year who will get some type of sexually transmitted disease. (Krowchuck, 1998). Most adolescents do not have knowledge of exactly what a sexually transmitted disease is, let alone the different types of sexually transmitted diseases. With proper education of the different types of sexually transmitted diseases, symptoms, and prevention methods, adolescents will be better equipped and prepare for the consequences of the action of engaging in sexually behavior will occur. Adolescents Risky Sexually Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Diseases On high school campuses around...
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...by human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States affecting 20 millions of Americans at age of 16 to 24 years old. Men and women get in contact with HPV when they engage in any kind of sexual relation such as vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse because HPV spreads through skin to skin contact. The HPV infection is asymptomatic and without medical treatment may result in cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancer (Lindley et al. 18). Being the cervical cancer the most frequent cancer among women. Prevalence of HPV among females at age of 14 to 59 years old was 42.5%. Being the prevalence among 20-24 years old women equal to 53.8%. Thus, an important public health...
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...The preceding research has shown the benefits of what the HPV vaccine can offer, but what are the negative aspects of the vaccination? CDC published a summary of severe side effects that occurred with HPV vaccine utilizing the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) to provide a public opinion on the downsides to the HPV vaccine so that patients can have information on both sides of the spectrum (2014). Center for Disease Control (CDC, 2014) displayed, "In the first report, there were 12,424 reports of adverse events 772 (6% of all reports) described serious adverse events including 32 reports of death. The most recent VAERS report 2006-2014, showed 85 deaths after the vaccine, however there were no common patterns to the deaths that...
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...Adolescents/Teens Having Sex Teenagers today think sex is something that makes them cool, and it becomes a mental disorder because they think every relationship they are in has to pertain to sex in order for the opposite person to love them and stay with them. Forty-six percent of teenagers from the age of fifteen to nineteen have had sex at least once (FOATSARH). They are not only having sex, but are having more than one sex partner a year (Teen Sex Statistics). Mentally they don’t know all the consequences that are involve in having sex. They are too young and to immature, but it’s not going to stop them, because they have a reputation to keep up with. Not caring that it is giving them the wrong reputation. Having sex is not a game and it can cause many health disorders that can affect a person’s life forever, but there are treatments available to protect teens from these problems. Sexually transmitted diseases are a major heath disorder can be curable, but it’s possible to get a hold of an incurable one. They can ruin a person’s life forever. Genital herpes can be sneaky, because many people don’t even know they have it. Symptoms can be mild and can be mistaken for insect bites or other skin conditions. People will have outbreaks for the rest of their lives (Genital Herpes). Another most common sexually transmitted disease is Genital Human Papillomavirus. Genital Human Papillomavirus can cause genital warts. It’s also a sexually transmitted disease that...
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...can have cervical cancer and not even know it. The American Cancer Society (ACS) says that about 9.710 women will be diagnosed with cervical cancer the year of 2006. The ACS also believes that 3,700 women will die of cervical cancer in 2006. It takes cervical cancer about 10-15 years before it develops into cancer. Cervical cancer is caused by the HPV (Human Papilloma virus) all women should get tested starting at the age 16 or when they become sexually active. Some people may not know what cervical cancer is. Cervical cancer forms in tissues of the cervix the, organ that connects the uterus and vagina. It is usually a slow-growing cancer which may not exhibit symptoms, but can be detected with a regular Pap smear test (a procedure in which cells are scraped from the cervix and looked at under a microscope). Cervical cancer is almost always caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. (www.treat-team.com) Human Papilloma virus is causes by abnormal tissues growth (warts) and is often associated with some type of cancer. HPV is contracted through sexually transmitted disease called genital human papilloma virus (also called HPV) and if not treated can turn into cervical cancer. One of the risks of having cervical cancer is Human Papillomavirus infection and this is the most important risk factor. Women who smoke are twice as likely to have cervical cancer because smoking exposes the body to many cancer causing chemicals that affect organs.(www.cancer.org) Immunosuppression...
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...HPV Vaccine Information For Young Women - Fact Sheet [pic] Two vaccines are available to prevent the human papillomavirus (HPV) types that cause most cervical cancers. These vaccines are bivalent vaccine (Cervarix) and quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil). One of the HPV vaccines, Gardasil, also prevents HPV types that cause most genital warts. Gardasil also has been shown to prevent some cancers of the anus, vulva (area around the opening of the vagina), and vagina. Both vaccines are given in 3 shots over 6 months. Why is the HPV vaccine important? Genital HPV is a common virus that is passed from one person to another through direct skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Most sexually active people will get HPV at some time in their lives, though most will never even know it. HPV infection is most common in people in their late teens and early 20s. There are about 40 types of HPV that can infect the genital areas of men and women. Most HPV types cause no symptoms and go away on their own. But some types can cause cervical cancer in women and other less common cancers— like cancers of the anus, penis, vagina, and vulva and oropharynx (back of throat including base of tongue and tonsils). Other types of HPV can cause warts in the genital areas of men and women, called genital warts. Genital warts are not life-threatening. But they can cause emotional stress and their treatment can be very uncomfortable. Every year, about 12,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer...
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...comprehensive sex health education. (Access, 2011) (Cockrum, 2010) Planned Parenthood of Indiana offers basic preventive health care, some of these services are crucial and life saving. Some examples of the services that they offer are different types of birth control such as the depo shot, the birth control pill, the IUD, to name a few. Other services include annual exams, Pap tests, STD and HPV testing, Prescriptions, as well as cancer screening. These services are there to find abnormalities before they have the opportunity to turn cancerous and to let people know there are options for long-term birth control. (Access, 2011) (Cockrum, 2010) Planned Parenthood of Indiana offers services that are more affordable and accessible for low or no-income individuals. PPHI serves 3 million men and woman annually. Every time we spend a dollar on family planning, we are saving taxpayers 4 dollars on every unintended pregnancies. According to the ‘U.S Department of Health and Human Services’, beginning Aug.1,2012, your insurance plans will be required to cover contraceptives, voluntary sterilization, screenings for HPV, and STD counseling. That decision is based on the Affordable Care Act doing their part in controlling the problem. In 2011 Planned Parenthood of Indiana had 28 clinics of which 4 offer abortions....
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...JoAnn Warnamally CFS176 38378 04/30/14 HPV Vaccine Article Summary After reading the article about the debate on whether or not middle school girls should be required to be vaccinated against HPV, I thought about what I would want if it was my child. I have a daughter who is 20. She was vaccinated in high school for HPV. I didn't think it was a mistake then and I still don't. I think preventative measures make sense. If I can do something to possibly prevent getting cancer in the future, I am for it. The vaccination has an excellent safety record also. However, I am against a mandate for the vaccination. I don't think a person should be forced to do something they don't believe in. A person should be able to have a say in what goes into his or her body. For young children, I think the decision to vaccinate should be left up to the parents. I also don't believe that getting a vaccination will lead to promiscuity. Even though the vaccination will protect against sexually transmitted diseases, it does not prevent pregnancy, which is a main reason a girl might think twice before having sex. I think that many teens engage in impulsive behavior and will have sex regardless of whether or not they have been vaccinated. At least then they will have been protected from sexually transmitted diseases. The disease and cancer prevention are very positive aspects of getting vaccinated. and because the safety record of the vaccine is so good, I feel it is worth the risk. I would...
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...Research Paper NURS 318P Women’s Health Care A controversial topic that is currently being considered is the application of an early HPV vaccination in younger girls and boys. This sensitive subject has ethical implications and valid points can be argued both for and against the concept. Individuals that are for early vaccination hold that the vaccine prevents transmission of HPV, decreases chances of developing future complications, and is more cost effective in the long run. Individuals that take a stand against early vaccination will say the vaccine promotes risky sexual behavior, is not safe, takes away from parent’s autonomy, and is not cost effective in the immediate period. The following information will give insight to both sides of the argument and a personal stance on the issue. The first example in support of early vaccination is the prevention of transmission of human papilloma virus (HPV). There are symptoms that can occur as a result of having an HPV infection. Gardasil is found to be successful in preventing HPV infections from types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (Donahou, 2013). A benefit of the HPV vaccine is the provision that there is use of accepted medical technology that will prevent serious diseases when possible and minimize pain and suffering (Donahou, 2013). Vaccinating both young girls and boys is found to reduce HPV transmission (Chen, Shepherd, & Becker, 2012). White states “this vaccination may help prevent the spread of genital warts in both...
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...Sexually Transmitted Diseases There are at least 25 different sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the United States. STDs are most prevalent in teens and young adults. The correct use of latex condoms decreases the risk of transmitting a STD. The only guaranteed prevention against a STD is abstinence from any/all sexual activity. The incidence of STDs is almost non-existent in those involved in faithful marriages or in a mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognizes the month of April as STD Awareness Month. This annual observance is in place to raise awareness of STDs and to emphasize the importance of prevention, testing, and treating. There are three types of STDs: parasitic, bacterial, and viral. The most common STDs are Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, trichomoniasis, human papilloma virus, herpes, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS. While many STDs are treatable and curable, some are not and carry life-long, even life-threatening consequences. Chlamydia is the most common curable STD. It is caused by a bacterium that infects the urethra in men and women and the cervix in women. Chlamydia is transmitted during vaginal, oral, or anal sexual contact with an infected partner. It can also be transmitted from mother to child during delivery. Chlamydia is probably the most common STD because symptoms may not be present for weeks, months, or even years after exposure. The most frequent...
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...in several states. Ignorance regarding sexual matters has resulted in 65 percent of all teens having sex before their senior year and 9.1 million of the 19 million Americans who get an STD in a year are teenagers or between the ages of 15 and 24 (“Teen Sex Statistics”). There is no better place than in a biology class or a special sex education class to inform children of the importance of having planned families; consequently, these classes can reduce teenage pregnancies and much physical suffering caused by AIDS or other serious sexually transmitted diseases. It should never be left to parents because, in many cases, they cannot properly inform their children on the subject of sex education. Sex education must be taught in schools because it will help to prevent STDs from being transmitted, especially among teens, it will help prevent teenage pregnancy, and will help prevent pre-mature sex, which can damage the body from an early stage in life. Sex education does not only talk about sex. It also teaches about reproduction and sexual health. A lot of parents do not support the fact that sex education should be taught in schools, but yet they don’t take on the responsibility of teaching their children what they need to know about sex. Some children might find it very awkward to sit and talk to their parents about sex, but as awkward as it may be, sex education is very important for one’s teen or child. The purposes of sex education in schools are to cover the basics of healthy...
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