In part two Cain discusses the difference between temperament and personality as well as a few theories and experiments. Temperament is biologically based behavioural and emotional patterns that are seen during infancy and early childhood, while personality is who you are after you have been exposed to personal experiences and cultural influences. In an experiment conducted by Jerome Kagan where he gathered a group of babies around four months old and made them look, see and smell different things, some being good some being bad and recorded their reactions. Around 20% cried and kicked their legs around and Kagan called them the “high- reactive” group and the other ones the “low-reactive” group. Kagan kept track of the kids throughout the …show more content…
This made sense to Kagan because it proved his theory that if the baby cried it was likely more sensitive to its environment and would likely be more anxious. Cain also mentions the trade off theory which discusses both the positives and negatives of being introvert and extrovert. The first example she talks about is dopamine the “reward chemical” that is released makes us feel good when we are rewarded or accomplish something. She explains that extroverts have a more active dopamine pathway compared to extroverts which is why they are more likely to do things that make them feel good or have a reward such as gambling or giving a speech. Introverts still have dopamine and do things with rewards but the response is just much smaller and they likely won’t go out of their way to do something for a reward. Having a high dopamine level can be a good thing as it helps us to work hard, have courage and do challenging things such as giving a speech but it can also have a downside as dopamine can become addicting seeing how it gives us the same feeling you can get from drugs. This may cause some people to do things that are dangerous or risky to feel the dopamine rush, “This blindness to danger may explain why extroverts are more likely to be killed while driving, be hospitalized ...smoke, have risky sex, participate in high-risk sports, have affairs, and remarry”