...European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.34 No.1 (2009), pp.132-140 © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009 http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Rainwater Harvesting as an Alternative Water Supply in the Future Che-Ani A.I Correspondence Author Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: adiirfan@gmail.com Tel: +60389216299; Fax: +60389216841 Shaari N Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia A. Sairi Division of Building Control,Department of Engineering Kajang Municipal Council,43300 Kajang Selangor, Malaysia M.F.M. Zain Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia M.M. Tahir Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract This paper discuss about the rainwater harvesting system and its implementation in Malaysia as part of the solution proposed by government to avoid water crisis in the future. It first reviewed the scenario of water shortage in Malaysia. In Malaysia, we are blessed with an ample supply of water because of abundant rains. Normally, we received the rainfall averaging around 2400mm for Peninsular Malaysia, 2360mm for Sabah and 3830mm...
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...Theories Behind the Disappearance of the Mayan Civilization Travis Epling Prof. Aprile Castagna Cappuzzo Introduction to Humanities 2 May 2014 Theories Behind the Disappearance of the Mayan Civilization There are many theories behind the decline of the Mayan Civilization. They range from over-population, war, famine, immigration, deforestation, climate change, and even aliens. When we say the disappearance of the Mayans we do not mean that the culture completely disappeared, we are talking about and extreme reduction in population. Tom Server believes as much as 90 to 95 percent of the population. Many of the major bustling cities of the Mayan Empire such as Tikal, Palenque, and Copan were simply abandoned for, what appears to be, no reason. Many of these theories have been debunked over time with the development of new science technology that allows for more thorough of investigations of these ancient civilizations. The first theory we will visit will be the affects of deforestation which also encompasses part of the climate change theory. NASA archaeologist, Tom Sever(2004) states that , “The Mayan civilization in Mesoamerica was one of the densest populations in human history”. He believes that the population during the height of the Mayan Empire would have been between 1800 and 2600 people per square mile. In 2000, the population density of Los Angeles was around 2300 for a comparison. The extreme amount of people living in the area would have put...
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...This article was downloaded by: [Texas A&M University-Commerce] On: 05 January 2015, At: 16:08 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Geopolitics Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fgeo20 Rethinking Climate Change, Conflict and Security Jan Selby & Clemens Hoffmann a a b Department of International Relations, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK b Department of International Relations, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey Published online: 30 Oct 2014. Click for updates To cite this article: Jan Selby & Clemens Hoffmann (2014) Rethinking Climate Change, Conflict and Security, Geopolitics, 19:4, 747-756, DOI: 10.1080/14650045.2014.964866 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2014.964866 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon...
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...2015 In this paper the writer will be talking crime data in California. The writer will be discussing violent crime within Shasta County and Contra Costa County. Contra Costa County is down in the bay and Shasta County is in Northern California. The writer will tell how different it is from one end of the California to the northern most tip of California. The writer will discuss how the rates have changed over time in both areas. The writer will talk about what factors may explain why the crime rate is much higher in that area. The writer grew up in both of the counties that will be discussed in this paper. Contra Costa County consists of different cities throughout. The writer grew up in Antioch which is one of the most know cities within this county. The crime rate for violent crimes within this city has grown drastically since 1985 (Sperling’s N.D.). In violent crimes there a four different offenses that need to be consider when the writer discusses what is actually determined. The crimes include murder, no negligent manslaughter, forcible rape robbery and aggravated assaults. In Antioch alone the violent crime rate is at seventy four percent which is rather high. If an individual would research property crimes for this city, it is also a high rate at forty nine percent. The US average is around forty three and half percent (Sperling’s N.D.). This tells a person that if they are looking to move to the bay area that individual should definitely do the research on that part...
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...The Dust Bowl, also known as the dirty thirties, lasted a decade. It started in 1931 and lasted until 1939. The Dust Bowl happened to come when America was already suffering from the Great Depression. It is said to be one of the worst environmental disasters in history. In this research paper you will learn about life before, during and after the Dust Bowl. People came to the plains in search of a new beginning. Some people came to claim a homestead. A homestead is a piece of farming land with a house on it. What drove them to the plains was the Great Depression. It was an economic crisis where the stock market had crashed. During the Great Depression the U.S.’s business activity was low. Dust storms were created in Oklahoma, Colorado,...
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...have agreed that it is the cause of climate change. I was aware of climate change and I’ve witness many natural disasters over the years due to news broadcastings; such as hurricane Katrina, Washington’s mudslide and most recently Arkansas deadly tornado. However, I never truly grasp the importance of the earth’s current situation until I furthered my research in college. According to the ShowTime docu-series “Years of living dangerously” climate change is inevitable due to the amount of earth’s resources used verses those that are replenished. The documentary opened my eyes to the high tempatures that are spreading across the country and one of the biggest causes of climate change, which are green house gases. The tragic causes of these gases develop from the burning of fossil fuels, cars and deforestation, which creates climate change worldwide. In fact, conservative projections by the worlds leading scientist have identified that 20% of all emissions come from deforestization each year. In turn the release of these gases rapidly increased the effects. Among many of the major consequences related to climate change are droughts. For example, I was shocked to discover how...
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...global warming is due to human actions say that humans are releasing large numbers of heat trapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. A few examples of greenhouse gases are “carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone in the lower atmosphere.” (U.S. Global Change Research Information 2006, para. 1). These types of gases get trap heat in the atmosphere and cause the climate to rise. Since the Industrial Revolution, there has been more and more fossil fuels being burned, which is causing more pollutants. The pollutants are trapping heat in the atmosphere causing the average temperature of the Earth to rise. (Turk and Bensel, 2011) The most common heat trapping gas is carbon dioxide (CO2) which is caused by burning fossil fuel, coal, and oil. (Turk & Bensel, 2011) Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced by so much equipment that humans use and do. Carbon dioxide is produced from burning fossil fuel, coal, oil, driving vehicles, heating systems, cooling systems, logging and even ranching. “The use of fossil fuel currently accounts for eighty to eighty-five percent of carbon dioxide (CO2) being added into the atmosphere.” (U.S. Global Change Research Information, 2006, para. 3). Just by looking at the number of vehicles out there, it is easy to see how much carbon...
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...Architecture and the Environment Christina Parker PSY 460 June 04, 2012 Brenda Gallagher Architecture and the Environment The environment and its inhabitants do not exist separately. They both help to mold one another. There are different environments that require a different behavior. To understand the interactions of the physical world and the behavior, individuals must consider the kinship of physical inhabitants and the environment itself (Todd & Wilson, 1993). The information in this paper will provide an understanding of the following: how the environment affects human behavior, architecture as a means of controlling behavior, the environmental psychological implications of the grand design, and the importance of architecture supporting development. Structures and Human Behavior The increasing research and interest in environmental conditions and how it relates to behavior is finally receiving acknowledgement. Structural design influences an individual’s health and well-being. A person’s mood and productivity stems from the kind of architecture one is sees. In a business sense, the goal is to create buildings that fit the need of the individual and serve the purpose of the business. Space limitations may influence an individual to work more intensely for the right to privacy. The use of windows and indoor green spaces provide a relaxing stress free zone from work (Irvine, Devine-Wright, Payne, Fuller, Painter, and Gaston, 2009). Inside...
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...State of Pakistani Agriculture and Society Benjamin Conner University of Kentucky PLS 103-002 Pakistan is a country that is advanced compared to other countries around their own region. That region is the Middle East region. Agriculture in Pakistan covers both livestock and crops. When a country becomes wealthier they are able to raise and eat more meat, but I will mostly be talking about the agricultural state dealing with crop production and how that affects Pakistan through many aspects. They are a country whose biggest crop production comes from the cereals rice and wheat. Pakistan has the ability to be a major contributor in international trade, but at the same time they need to watch out for their own people. Pakistan is vulnerable because many people throughout Pakistan are close to food insecurity, while others already live in this state. Pakistan is still a developing country, but has taken great strides and is getting closer each day to being a developed country. According to the World Factbook of the CIA, Pakistan has a population of 190,291,129 people that is increasing at a rate of 1.551%. This percent has been lowered which is important for countries to become stable, but can still be even more. Religious leaders have been encouraged to help with family planning (Quetta 2010). This in turn would help maintain population in the religious sectors which includes a large portion of Pakistani’s population. Another factor of population in Pakistan is...
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...Application Paper #2 Improved Corporate Governance will improve Japan’s Earning Power Luis C. Mendoza Corporate Governance GB-6215(Online) Spring 2015 18 April 2015 Can improved Corporate Governance improve Japan’s earning power? Tradition and honor in Japan’s culture are very strongest traits which develop the foundations of daily lives and how corporations conduct business. A tradition in Japan is taking an all male work team, salesmen and clients to visit a bar/club after hours that are greeted by a “Hostess”. A “Hostess” is a woman who is paid to flirt with men. These visits are sometimes mandatory which corporations cover fully and label them as “entertainment expenses” (Smith, Japan Flirts with Goverance Reform, 2015). One of Japan’s biggest problems is poor corporate governance (Smith, Bloomberg View, 2015). This is an example and evidence that poor corporate governance to a degree is liable for the potential drought of business investments into Japan’s economy (Smith, Japan Flirts with Goverance Reform, 2015). This is an example of why Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s made a decision to develop and incorporate Abenomics in 2014. Japan, as a society with extreme high value to culture and respect, views and approaches corporate governance has been very different for the past few decades compared to the United States. Japan’s board members are typically internal corporate managers rather than independent directors. Independent directors are very uncommon...
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...GLOBAL WARMING Introduction Global warming begins when sunlight reaches Earth. The clouds, atmospheric particles, reflective ground surfaces and ocean surface then reflected about 30 percent of it back into space, while the remaining is absorbed by oceans, lands and air. This in turn heats the planet’s surface and atmosphere, making life possible. As Earth warmed up, this solar energy is radiated by thermal radiation or infrared heat, traveling directly out to space, thus cooling the Earth. However, some of the outgoing radiation is re-absorbed by carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gases in the atmosphere and is radiated back to Earth’s surface; these gases are known as greenhouse gases due to their heat-trapping capacity. This re-absorption process is naturally good; the Earth’s average surface temperature would be very cold if not for the greenhouse gases. The problem begins when the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were artificially raised by humankind at an ever-increasing rate since the past 250 years. As of 2004, over 8 billion tons of carbon dioxide was pumped out per year; natural carbon sinks such as forests and the ocean absorbed some of this, while the rest accumulated in the atmosphere. Millions of pounds of methane are produced in landfills and agricultural decomposition of biomass and animal manure. Nitrous oxide is released into the atmosphere by nitrogen-based fertilizers and other soil management practices. Once released, these greenhouse...
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...occupation, English is the next major language in Afghanistan. The capital of Afghanistan is Kabul and the president is Hamid Karzai. (US Department of State, 2010) In this part of the term paper the topic is going to focus on the Economic development, history, the people of Afghanistan, the urbanization of the country, geography, agriculture, and even a little about the impact of war on Afghanistan. The topic will start from the introduction of Afghanistan and discussing the impact of different factors faced by Afghanistan, the main issue related to Afghanistan, the poverty alleviation and the opium is also one of the major issues of the country. (Department of the Army, 2010) The current basic economy of Afghanistan is currently on US and allied country aids, the opium production, some gas and petroleum, gemstones and other resources. The people of Afghanistan are experts in carpets, crafting and other handcrafting. (Department of the Army, 2010) The Country in a Nutshell The name Afghanistan is derived from the word afghan, which is the main population ethnicity of the country. This credit goes to Ahmad Shah Durrani who unified the major tribes and founded Afghanistan in 1747. Afghanistan is a bit smaller then the state Texas. It’s bordered on...
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...NASA Research Paper Chelsea Best 4138567 LSTD 300 Professor Kerney Since its beginning the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been pivotal in the scientific advancements made in the United States. Their vision, “To reach for new heights and reveal the unknown so that what we do and learn will benefit all humankind.” The scientist and researchers for NASA are trying to answer questions not just about the universe at large, but also about everyday human lives here on Earth. There are four focuses of NASA’s activity, called mission directives. Aeronautics, which focuses on meeting the worldwide demand for more eco-friendly and sustainable aircrafts. Human Exploration and Operations which involves operations on the International Space Station (ISS), developing commercial spaceflight and the ability for humans to explore beyond low-Earth Orbit. Scientist are exploring not only the Earth itself, but the universe beyond as well and works on charting the best exploration paths for us to continue discovering the universe. Space Technology is the final mission directive of NASA which combines elements from the others to develop and create the most innovative technology to aid future missions. NASA is also working hard to aid in the development of a private sector in space travel. Their hope is that by commercializing some aspects of space travel, such as routine trips to the ISS, more of their resources will be available for furthering their overall goals...
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...differentiation from conventional supermarkets. We strive to meet our strategy by working under the motto of Whole Food, Whole People, Whole Planet. At Whole Foods we use a focused differentiation strategy to offer unique products to our customers in a narrowed market. We focus on selling high quality organic and healthy foods that our customers can feel comfortable eating at a higher price. Whole Foods’ competitors include Kroger, Trader Joe’s, and Fresh Market. These three competitors operate under different strategies to set themselves apart in the grocery market. Kroger operates under the cost leadership strategy. They set the floor price in the market that still allows them to earn a profit. They achieve this by cutting back on advertising, research costs, and production costs to increase the scale of operation. Also, Kroger offers coupons and a Kroger card to add discounts to already low prices. Whole Foods does not focus on low prices like Kroger because doing so would take away from the high end feeling it markets to its customers. Next, Fresh Market operates under the broad differentiation strategy in the grocery market. They offer unique products that a wide range of buyers will find appealing. Fresh Market differentiates themselves by selling the freshest products from local and global vendors. Fresh market is not interested in entering the narrowed market of organic foods that Whole Foods operates in. This allows Fresh Market to be a differentiated firm to a broad consumer base...
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...Outline Samantha Hernandez SCI207: Dependence of Man on the Environment Instructor: Alyssa Kunz April 24, 2012 Global Warming 1 Global Warming 2 Is global warming skepticism just smoke and mirrors? There are several different views on the issues of global warming. Some people think global warming might be just a myth while others think that global warming is happening and humans are the cause of it. One side believes that humans cause global warming, yet the other side thinks that global warming is a complete fallacy. I. Global warming is an environmental issue that is concerning a lot of people. Global warming has been an issue for many years. One area of this issue that is taking over right now is whether global warming is due to human actions or if global warming is due to natural cause there is a big argument over it. Some people believe global warming is due to human actions of pollutants such as burning fossil fuel, coal, and oil, human finger prints, and deforestation; while other people believe it is a natural cause and global warming is just a theory and nothing else. A. According to some people and scientists there is a huge impact of this environmental issue on the world and something needs to be done right now in order to try and stop or slow down global warming. On the other hand, some people and scientists believe that humans do not cause global warming; instead it is a part of history and would occur with or without the help...
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