...2347 - 4718 DATA MINING TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE CRIME DATA R. G. Uthra, M. Tech (CS) Bharathidasan University, Trichy, India. Abstract: In data mining, Crime management is an interesting application where it plays an important role in handling of crime data. Crime investigation has very significant role of police system in any country. There had been an enormous increase in the crime in recent years. With rapid popularity of the internet, crime information maintained in web is becoming increasingly rampant. In this paper the data mining techniques are used to analyze the web data. This paper presents detailed study on classification and clustering. Classification is the process of classifying the crime type Clustering is the process of combining data object into groups. The construct of scenario is to extract the attributes and relations in the web page and reconstruct the scenario for crime mining. Key words: Crime data analysis, classification, clustering. I. INTRODUCTION Crime is one of the dangerous factors for any country. Crime analysis is the activity in which analysis is done on crime activities. Today criminals have maximum use of all modern technologies and hi-tech methods in committing crimes. The law enforcers have to effectively meet out challenges of crime control and maintenance of public order. One challenge to law enforcement and intelligence agencies is the difficulty of analyzing large volumes of data involved in criminal and terrorist...
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...|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Criminal Justice and Security | | |CJA/334 | | |Research Methods in Criminal Justice | Copyright © 2010, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description Students learn and demonstrate knowledge of research methodology within the criminal justice system and become acquainted with the range and scope of quantitative and qualitative tools available to the criminal justice researcher. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities,...
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...CJA/204 08 April 2013 Prof. Ron Alter Crime Rates In America In society’s day and age, Americans believe that crime has been steadily increasing. This perspective is based on information provided to the public by criminologist. Our society relies heavily on statistical data to measure criminality and the effectiveness of the laws that govern society. This data is collected and formulated to create what is known as national crime reports. These reports were implemented to improve the structure of the laws that govern our society. In addition these reports record criminal activity, the type of crimes committed, the locations of criminal trends, the volume of crimes committed, and the effectiveness of the agencies within the Criminal Justice System. The question to ask is, are these reports accurate or are they deceiving to the public? In this paper we will discus crime rates in America. We will also discus the intended purpose of the Uniform Crime Report (UCR), the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), and whether these reports are deceiving to the public. We will discus the relation between crime rates and arrest rates and how we can use crime rates, arrest rates, and clearance rates to combat criminal activity in America. While conducting my research on the topic of crime rates in America, I have found that there are several ways crime rates can be deceiving. The first would be the lack of clarity in the national crime reports. When looking at the different crime reports...
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...Survey Research and Data Collection Testing Dustin Sparks CJA345 March 14, 2016 Susan Wind Survey Research and Data Collection Testing “Survey research is a commonly used method for collecting information about a population or a research area of interest.” (Week 3 Podcast) In this paper we are going to discuss the different ways of collecting data, as well as how reliability and validity play a part in the research methods of criminal justice. We will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of certain survey distribution techniques, and how reliability and validity are important. Also in this paper, I will show you the importance of a police officer and their role in collecting data. There are many different ways that data is collected in the criminal justice system. Examples of these are with surveys and questionnaires, and Sampling. These are used to gather information about the area and the people in it. Surveys are made with premade responses to the questions asked. Questionnaires are made with open ended questions. “Questionnaire development is made of a series of steps. The first step would be deciding what information you are trying to receive, identify the participants taking the survey, selecting the methods of reaching the participants, question development. There are many advantages and disadvantages when it comes to the different forms of surveys. There are in Person, Telephone, Computer-Based, and Focus Group Surveys; just to name a few types....
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...policing, or the use of statistics and data to make policing decisions, has become widely popular in the United States. As police departments faced reduced budgets, improving efficiency in how they work to prevent crime is of great importance (Goode, 2011). However, predictive policing also create a focus on accountability, which has caused some police officers to respond negatively to such pressures (Willis, Mastrofski & Weisburd, 2003). The purpose of this paper is to briefly examine predictive policing and how tools such as COMPSTAT allow police departments to respond more efficiently to criminal activity. Information Technology vs. Random Patrols Before discussing specific issues involving the use of COMPSTAT as part of predictive policing, it is important to compare and contrast the use of information technology as a way of optimizing police department performance with the more traditional use of random street patrols. The use of information technology applications and performing random street patrols are actually similar because both methods of identifying and responding to crime are intended to examine the events and conditions that exist in a particular area so that criminal activity can be prevented before it actually occurs (Bratton & Malinowski, 2008). In essence, regardless of whether information technology applications or random street patrols are used, the overall goal is to be positioned in a way that fast responses to criminal activity can occur, but also that...
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...Technology and Communication Paper University of Phoenix CJA/304 Mrs. Palmer August 10, 2011 Technology and Communication Paper Technology has helped enhance communication between others and has especially helped with communication in the criminal justice system. Technology has affected the communication capabilities of specialized databases in the criminal justice system in many different ways. Many forms of technology are used to help with communication such as mobile data terminals and iris scans in the criminal justice system. In this paper, this student will compare different types of specialized databases and will also discuss over positive and negative effects due to new technologies. Mobile data terminals are used in the criminal justice system as a form of specialized database to help with communication. “A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in public transit vehicles and emergency vehicles to communicate with a central dispatch office” (Versaterm, 2011). There are many large police agencies that require all law enforcement officers to have a wireless mobile terminal system installed in their vehicles. This database can help law enforcement officers with workload management in the communication center and they can also help better time management of officers and help greater efficiency. Mobile data terminals can also help with communication between officers and dispatch by letting the officers have access to dispatch receipts...
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...environment that promotes initiative, productivity, teamwork and professional growth. We uphold to an atmosphere which stresses tolerance and is free of discrimination. We strive in developing collaborative efforts with judicial, legislative and community partners. The Harris County Juvenile Probation Department operates a Leadership Academy, a Detention Center, a secure residential treatment center and a non-secure residential treatment center. ( hcjpd. Org, 2009). The Texas Family Code, Chapter 58 requires that agencies in Texas report juvenile criminal history to the Department of Public Safety in Austin beginning January 1, 1996. The Harris County Juvenile Probation Department is committed to the protection of the public, utilizing intervention strategies that are community-based, family-oriented and least restrictive while emphasizing responsibility and accountability of both parent and child. The department handles a lot of paper work regarding information, court actions and every detail that aids the right handling of juvenile offenders....
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...PAGE 1 Crime Measurement In The United States JimmyVazquez CJA/204 - INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE June 30,2014 Instructor:LYLE MARTIN In this paper you will read about what type of instruments are being used to measure crime in the United States, including the nation’s top two major crime programs and the purpose of these programs. I will also explain what are crime rates, arrest rates, clearance rates, recidivism rate and how these rates can be deceiving, and briefly touching on the relation between crime rate and arrest rates, and how to improve the correlation between crime rates and arrest rates and concluding this paper with a solution in effort to combating criminal activity. The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) where the first instrumental programs used to gather information on violent crimes and began publishing information for the UCR Program in 1929. Two years later in 1930s till present day the FBI has been collecting information on the following crimes murder, and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated-assault, arsenate theft, Motor vehicle theft, robbery, and arson. Law enforcement agencies report arrest data for 21 additional crime categories. UCR in annual FBI publication that summarizes the incidents and rate of reported crimes in the US. Law enforcement agency voluntary Report crimes statistics on a monthly basis to the FBI. Another source used to measure crime in the United States is he national crime victimization...
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...of the deconstruction of our many traditional and long established components of civilization, such as our typical ‘correctional’ establishments, or prison facilities (Davis 2000). In fact, there is already what is commonly referred to as the ‘prison abolition movement’ which is a collective, but not necessarily organized, worldview that is inclined to subscribe to the belief that a society can function better without prisons, and without prisoners thus. This position is backed up by a comprehensive set of criticisms against the modern form or structure of the criminal justice mechanism, which is argued to be predominantly predisposed allow racism (Davis 2007), sexism and reinforcement of the disadvantages of being part of the lower economic class of the society. More importantly, the anti-prison discourse argues that the prison system is an ineffective and costly means of preventing crime and rehabilitating the criminals, and thus goes to advocate alternative forms of Penalty such as those related to community service. Such a worldview is believed to have at least influenced the change in correctional policies of state governments in the last half decade, probably in...
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...Personal Criminological Theory Review AJS/542 August 11, 2015 Introduction For many years, criminologist have studied criminal behavior and have developed theories that try to explain the causes for committing crimes. Our society is constantly changing where crime is becoming more recognized to the general public. This paper is a personal reflection of criminological theory. I will discuss my explanation of the occurrence of crime and why people commit crime, the different variables to consider, assumptions based on a theory and finally, what methodologies could be used to evaluate my theory. Explanation of Crime, Why People Commit Crime? While growing up in the city of Detroit, Michigan, I have witness more crime that I would ever care to see in a lifetime. This has also become my feelings for Baltimore, Maryland. I believe that the occurrence of crime is due to life choices of poverty and mental illness. This not only applies to the city of Detroit, but also many communities that have high crime rates. Baltimore is another city that has become torn over the fight between the police department and the struggling community. Crimes are committed by people who are in need of something. Some do it because they do not know any better, they have learned behaviors from their environments. While those who do not have education or jobs, the norm for these individuals is to take what they feel they are entitled to. On the other hand, some people may commit crimes because...
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...the problem we’re having at his time is not getting the support of the other agencies to improved statistic gathering processing. The information systems advisory body needs to collaborate with each other to develop this system. This system needs to have access to management analysis tool to evaluate the efficacy of Los Angeles County criminal justice services. It will compile and aggregate criminal justice related records from law enforcement, the court, prosecution, probation, defense, public health, mental health, and social service to generate anonymized sets of statistical reports that met the needs of policy makers and impacted agencies. The initial focus of this system will be to generate statistical reports related to realignment. Future phases of the can leverage the interfaces developed between systems and generate statistical reports on other criminal justice programs and issues. Funding for the development of this system is identified in the proposed AB 109 budget. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICS STATEWIDE DATA SHARING SYSTEM By decentralizing parole functions and shifting responsibilities to counties, realignment highlighted the need for data sharing capacity across jurisdictions. The Department of justice will met with numberous stakeholders including various Law...
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...enforcement to work more efficiently. The Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) can find a single fingerprint from a massive database of fingerprints, and Mobile Data Terminals (MDTs) are powerful computerized tools in law enforcement vehicles. Technological advances will allow our law enforcement to work more efficiently. There are many technological advances being used by our law enforcement agencies today. With the implementation of these specialized databases, officers can identify a criminal within minutes versus the latent fingerprints used in the 1980s. These systems allowed law enforcement officials and officers to connect easily directly to other databases across the county, state, and country. According to University of Phoenix, Report Writing for Criminal Justice Professionals (2011), communication technology has advanced to a point where the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) are working together to store all fingerprints for criminals, to include misdemeanor offenders. As part of the teamwork between the NCIC and FBI, a major defense contractor is designing new equipment. This new equipment will allow law enforcement officers the ability to check fingerprints and mug shots from any vehicle that is equipped with the Mobile Data Terminals (MDTs). MDTs are powerful computerized tools in public transit vehicles such as law enforcement vehicles. MDTs were developed in the early 1980s and were anchored...
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...CITY DEMOGRAPHICS AND CRIME PROFILE JO MORRIS AJS/514 April 18, 2016 Cheryl Reyes CITY DEMOGRAPHICS AND CRIME PROFILE Demographics does provide the specific necessary in obtaining knowledge that pertains to the city’s inhabitants. Acquiring this kind of information is vital of the creation of a flourishing municipality. The demographic data can offer critical material, such as the districts in which the residents reside in, high crime areas. The demographic attributes of the general public areas of expansion, class prospects, sales perspectives and the study of marketplace infiltration. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the social and intellectual contexts, the beliefs of the populace in reference to criminal behavior the changes applied when moving away from the city center, zones of transitions, and crime hot spots, as pertained to Chicago Illinois. Chicago is approximately 2000sq miles with an estimated population of 2.74 million residents. Within the city of Chicago there is a wide range of ethnic backgrounds and multiple cultural centers. Identification and rationale for the choice of one sociologic theory that best explains the crime in your chosen city The crime rate in Chicago is affected by the socioeconomic status of the residents. As the status decreases, the crime does increases. When the economy took a turn from the worse the economic status of individuals decreased more people found themselves in poverty or low income level instead of middle class...
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...Research Process and Terminology Paper CJA/334 (UOPX) Page 1 Research Methods and Terminology Research methods play an important role in the criminal justice system today. Effective research methods have the ability to open and close cases. Those interested in the criminal justice field have a wide range of research methods at their disposal. The terminology involved is also a very important aspect when used in the study of criminology and criminal justice. This paper will explore some of the various research methods that are applied to the criminal justice system and explain how the knowledge of the terminology involved can be a valuable tool within these methods of research. Empirical Research in Criminal Justice Although research in criminal justice varies considerably, there are five general steps that are followed in order to conduct research. The first step is called problem formulation. This is the selection and specification of the area that will be investigated. The next step is research design which is the type of experimental or non-experimental approach, with the use of control groups and studying group(s) at one time or over a period of time. The third step is data collection methods which give a choice of various methods to be used such as observation, questionnaires, or interviews. The fourth step is analysis and presentation of findings which is to summarize report and when necessary statistically analyze and present findings. The fifth step...
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...Research and Terminology Paper Damon Walton CJA/334 June 15, 2015 Sharon Taylor Research and Terminology Paper The cornerstone to any discipline or field of study is the ability to conduct research in a competent manner. The criminal justice practioners needs a sound foundation in the research process and terminology to be effective. According to the Merriam-Webster, research is the studious inquiry or examination; especially : investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws ("Definition of Research", 2015). The research process is a strategy to solve a problem or to answer a basic question. The methodology being used must be accurate and verifiable so the results can be trusted. The terminology culled from this week reading was theory, objectivity, methodology, pure research, applied research and confidentiality. According to Hagan (2010), theory is the attempt to classify and organize events, and see a trend where events may occur, and to understand the underlying causality of these events. In the field of criminal justice a theory is a good starting block to understand the why and what of something especially when it involves crime. Theories being in used in this field can be fine tuned or even replaced as more information becomes available to the researcher. An example of this is the prevailing theory...
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