...Topic: Read Romans 3:21-4:25 and explain the Apostle Paul's argument. How do you explain the tension between Paul and James? Offer a resolution. What is his thesis (3:21)? The apostle Paul’s thesis is that a righteousness of God apart from law is now available to all believers in Christ (Romans 3:21-22) (Moo, pg. 126). This righteousness is received through faith not by obeying the law (Romans 3:22,26,28). Even though it is awarded apart form deeds, it was announced by the Law of Moses and the Prophets and establishes the former law; it does not destroy it (Romans 3:21,31). How does he build his case? Paul presents three implications of justification through faith apart from deeds in Romans 3:27-31. First, justification by faith excludes boasting (Romans 3:27-28). Salvation does not come through what we have done (our works or deeds), but by putting our trust in Christ. We are to lift up Christ by exalting in the works he has done, not our own works (Moo, pg. 142). Second, justification by faith excludes ethnic barriers (Romans 3:29-30). If it is by faith, then it cannot be by circumcision, race, or nationality. Every believer in Christ will be justified by God, regardless of origin. Third, justification by faith excludes antinomianism (Moo, pg. 129). Though some may charge the Apostle Paul with promoting lawlessness, the accusation is unfounded. We do not reject God’s law by affirming salvation by grace; we place law in its proper context within both salvation history...
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...Paul the Apostle (Greek: Παῦλος Paulos; c. 5 – c. 67), original name Saul of Tarsus (Greek: Σαῦλος Ταρσεύς Saulos Tarseus), was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. He is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age. In the mid-30s to the mid-50s, he founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. Paul used his status as both a Jew and aRoman citizen to advantage in his ministry to both Jewish and Roman audiences. Fourteen of the twenty-seven books in the New Testament have traditionally been attributed to Paul, and approximately half of the Acts of the Apostlesdeals with Paul's life and works. Seven of the epistles are undisputed by scholars as being authentic, with varying degrees of argument about the remainder. The Pauline authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews, already doubted in the 2nd and 3rd centuries but almost unquestioningly accepted from the 5th to the 16th centuries, is now almost universally rejected by scholars. The other six are believed by some scholars to have come from followers writing in his name, using material from Paul's surviving letters and letters written by him that no longer survive. Other scholars argue that the idea of a pseudonymous author for the disputed epistles raises many problems. Today, his epistles continue to be vital roots of the theology, worship, and pastoral life in the Roman and Protestant traditions of the West, as well...
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... 1 Man’s Unrighteousness 1 Man’s Need for Redemption 2 The Righteousness of God 3 Justification by Faith 4 Salvation from God’s Wrath 6 Contemporary Church’s View of Justification 6 Conclusion 7 Introduction The Protestant Reformation began when Martin Luther’s study of the scriptures revealed to him that mankind can only be justified by faith. This truth from God’s Word transformed Luther’s life and opened the door for believers to break free of religious bondage. Luther would say that justification by faith is the article upon which the church stands or falls. The reformer John Calvin would later echo that sentiment by stating that justification by faith is the hinge by which everything else turns. In reading Paul’s letter to the Romans one can easily see that the doctrine of justification is truly a cornerstone of the Christian faith. This doctrine is a theme that appears throughout the book. By examining man’s unrighteous state and his need for redemption the apostle Paul methodically shows the reader that not only is a person justified by faith alone but also that they are saved from God’s judgment and wrath. Man’s Unrighteousness In addressing justification by faith, Paul first established the unrighteousness of man. In order for a man to be justified, he must first see the need for his justification. Paul began to show that need by establishing what sin is and the effect it has on mankind. In fact, almost...
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...O. Owens Jr. Chair in New Testament Studies at Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary in Wake Forest, North Carolina. SUMMARY The book starts by bringing up a description of the development of the gospels, and a not very known basic historical fact is that the Gospels were written through a not so brief period of time. The “Gospel according to Mathew” was published in 42 AD, and there was a 20-25 years gap between its publication and the publication of “Luke’s Gospel” and “The gospel according to Mark”. And than, another huge gap between the publication of those and finally “The Gospel of John” being published in 96 AD, so there was a 54 years interval between the publication of the 4 Gospels, and that fact shows that sometimes God likes to act in a way that takes time, seems unusual to human eyes, but in the end everything fits and make complete sense, because “The Gospels” are the foundation and most important books on the Bible until today. In the first part Black exposes that the Gospels are the most important part of the written tradition handed on by the twelve apostles by virtue of their personal knowledge of Jesus acquired during their instruction by Him in the course of His earthly...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Contemporary Roman Catholicism Dr. Ebele Adioye THEO 510 (FALL 2015) Survey of Contemporary Theology by David Boston November 3, 2015 Table of Content I. Introduction: How do Evangelicals agree or disagree with contemporary Catholicism? II. This paper will explore the different motif within Contemporary Roman Catholicism while examining the differences between Evangelicals and Contemporary Roman Catholics. A. Origin of the Roman Catholic Church. 1. Different views of Church History. 2. Apostolic Succession. 3. Veneration of the Saint/ Virgin Mary. B. Mass/ Sacraments/ Eucharist/ Purgatory. III. Protestant Reformation. A. Council of Trent. 1. Vatican Counsel II. 2. Biblical Canonization/ Apocrypha B. Evangelical Attitude toward Contemporary Roman Catholicism? 1. Areas of Agreement. 2. Area of Disagreement. 3 Different views of Church of Authority. 4. Different view on Salvation on justification. IV. Conclusion: Evangelicals persist that some of the Contemporary Roman Catholic teachings can be misleading, in spite of this salvation to the believer can still be achieved. Introduction ...
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...Edwina Edney-Hopes Instructor: Rev. Dr Joseph Kimatu Life and Writings of Paul REL-327-DL01 December 7, 2014 Word Count : 3185 Word Count w/outline: 3286 Galatians 3:1-29 Abstract The purpose of this writing is to discuss the book of Galatians Chapter 3 verses 1-29. My goal is to give you the when, what, who, where and why. I will also do some examination of each verse in this chapter. I hope to give further insight to myself and others on this chapter in the bible. A thesis statement and stated approach in the Introduction Paul is writing this letter to the people of Galatia to combat the teachings of the Judaizers. After he came to tell them about God after he left the Juadaizers came in and started to teach them that they had to follow the Jewish laws. Paul felt that they had been led astray and he wanted to get them back on track. Now the where, who and Paul’s occasion for writing. The first where is Galatia located? Galatia is located in Northern Asia Minor. It was originally populated by Celts. It was reorganized into a Province by the Romans after the last Galatian King died. It added other districts to it to make the Province these areas are Isauria, parts of Lycaonia, Palphlagonia, Pisidia, Phrygia and Pontus. Who was Paul writing to? This is up to debate for the people that Paul was writing to. There is a Northern Galatia Theory, Southern Galatia theory. People that favor the Northern Galatia Theory contend this for a couple of reasons. One would be his use of “You...
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...of Theology NORTH OR SOUTH: Destination and Date of Galatians A Paper Submitted to Gregory P. Sapaugh, Th.M. Ph.D In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of RS-503: Research Methods, Writing, and Technology by William (Brant) Wallace Houston, Texas February 25, 2015 Contents Introduction 1 General Debate 1 Geography of Galatia 2 Diversity and Strategy 2 Advantage for Missional Activities 3 The North 3 Evidence for the Northern Theory 4 History 4 Biblical Reference 4 Character 5 The South 5 Evidence for the Southern Theory 6 Establishment of Churches 6 Inclusion of Galatian Churches 6 Judaizing Controversy 7 The Date 7 Southern Theory 8 Northern Theory 8 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 Introduction The date and destination of the Apostle Epistle to the Galatians is a topic of debate.1 The general debate is framed around when and to whom Paul wrote the letter. The two theories surrounding when and to whom Galatians was written are: (1) The North Galatia Theory; and, (2) The South Galatia Theory.2 In an attempt to address the questions of when and to whom Paul wrote Galatians, this paper will address both theories. General Debate In order to understand the prevailing theories, it is important to understand the positions of the general debate. The general debate is whether the letter was addressed to the churches in the northern...
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...A Report: The Letter of Paul to the Romans I-BLM Submitted by: Reina Carla C. Luciano Anjelli Mika S. Masa Julian Gerolaga Lorenzo B. Garcia Josiah Nathan Gonzales Renzo Oliver Lubuguin I. Introduction According to a website, bible.org, Paul’s letter to the Romans is probably the most systematic presentation of the gospel in all of his writings, and indeed in all of the New Testament. The letter can be broken down into two major sections, namely, doctrine (1:18-11:36) and then application (12:1-15:13). Romans was written on a specific occasion and is an act of communication between two parties: the apostle Paul and the Roman Christians. To aid our reading of Romans we need to learn more about both parties. The Author: Paul the Apostle Paul did not found the Roman church, nor has he ever visited there. He has gotten to know some of the Roman Christians during his travels (16:3-15), but many of them he has never met. This may explain why he spends a little more time than usual introducing himself and explaining why he writes to a church that some would claim he has no authority over. Paul considered himself a slave (dou`lo") of Christ Jesus. Paul’s desire in this context is not to simply place himself among venerated Old Testament saints, or express his gratitude to be a servant of Christ Jesus (though both are true), but rather to communicate in plain terms his commitment and devotion to the Messiah Jesus. Though there are several reasons for his allegiance to Christ...
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...A BIBLICAL EVALUATION OF THE MULTI-SITE CHURCH —————————— A Paper Presented to Dr. Michael H. Windsor Central Baptist Theological Seminary of VA Beach —————————— In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course 354 Systematic Theology 4 —————————— Submitted by: Matthew E.Vanderwarker February 27, 201 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................3 THE DEFINITION OF MULTI-SITE CHURCH ..............................................................4 THE MEANING OF ΕΚΚΛΕΣΙΑ ......................................................................................6 Lexical Definition .....................................................................................................6 Biblical Usage ...........................................................................................................7 Profane Usage ...........................................................................................................8 Etymology and Meaning ............................................................................................8 ΕΚΚΛΕΣΙΑ AS THE NEW TESTAMENT CHURCH ...................................................10 NEW TESTAMENT EVIDENCE FOR MULTI-SITE CHURCH ..................................11 The House Church and Paul's Writings ............................................................................12 The House Church and Luke's Writings ...
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...believers is that we are justified by faith. The Apostle Paul gave insight to this statement very distinctly and in great aspect but to completely understand the statement, we first must possess a foundational comprehension of what it means to be justified. In understanding justification we will see that it is inseparably interrelated to faith, but not just any faith. We will also see that the undertaking of justification by faith has overwhelming effects on the justified. Definition Justification is seen as an act of God’s wonderful grace, free grace that is available to all sinners. God exonerations all of the sins, receives the sinners, not because of anything fashioned in the sinner or performed by the sinner, but only for the unflawed submission and complete satisfaction of the Lord, through God’s impartation and received by faith alone. The Westminster Larger Catechism answers the definition of justification in this manner: “Justification is an ‘act’. It is a courtroom verdict .We are the defendants and charges have been filed against us. The judge passes his verdict. Logically there are only two verdicts available to the judge. One of these verdicts is ‘condemned’, and the other is ‘justified’. If we are ‘condemned’, then the judge has pronounced us ‘guilty’. If we are ‘justified’, then the judge has pronounced us ‘righteous’. (Dabney, 1878) Edwards give another view of what justification means: In Romans, it is undeniable that Paul’s favorite term for redemption...
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...interpolation against women’s speech in the church. Finally, I examine the parallels between 1 Cor. 14:34-35 and 1 Tim. 2:9-15. Chapter two summarizes the argument that 1 Cor. 14:34-35 is an interpolation. In this chapter, first I investigate the issue of interpolation in ancient literature. Then, I present the arguments based on internal evidences that are both for and against the interpolation of 1 Cor. 14:34-35. Next, I provide a section on external evidences supporting a case of interpolation of vv. 34-35. In this final section we will investigate scribal awareness of multiple readings in Codex Vaticanus, Fuldensis and Ms. 88, which can be observed in some sigla left by the copyists of these texts. Chapter three examines the identity of the author(s) and the date of composition for both the interpolation in Corinthians and the Pastoral Epistles. Chapter three provides a survey on the role of women in the churches under Paul’s personal supervision. It also examines the ancient view of the role of women in the Greco-Roman society and how it impacted the deutero-Pauline understanding. Next, I present the most important issues behind the debate concerning the role of women between the deutero-Pauline school (represented especially by the Pastoral Epistles) and the Pauline tradition represented by the Acts of Paul. Finally, I investigate the canonization of the Taceat Mulier dogma. Chapter ONE The Origin of 1...
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...acquire knowledge from a mentor (disciplar). Someone that accept the doctrine of his master without any logical reason. The example is that of Jesus Christ and His disciples. Matt. 10:24 says “the disciple is not above his master, nor the servant above his lord’’. In other words no man can ever expect to be greater than Christ, for He is the only Lord and Christ (Act 2:36). The word disciple appears in the bible 28 times, while the plural form (disciples) appears 244 times The disciple, as an adherent and follower of Jesus is a prominent figure in each of the four Gospels, and is the counterpart of Jesus in His role as teacher, as well as LORD (Matt 8:25) and MASTER (Luke 8:24). The NT also employs a verbal form (math¢teúein) for the act of being a disciple or making a disciple (Matt 13:52; 27:57; 28:19; Acts 14:21)....
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...Friday, September 12, 2008 12:00 PM Bulletin for Biblical Research 18.2 (2008) 209–231 “The Disciple Jesus Loved”: Witness, Author, Apostle— A Response to Richard Bauckham’s Jesus and the Eyewitnesses andreas j. köstenberger and stephen o. stout southeastern baptist theological seminary Richard Bauckham’s Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2006) makes a persuasive argument that the Gospels display eyewitness testimony and thus renews the quest for the identity of the Beloved Disciple as the author of the Fourth Gospel. While Bauckham attributes this Gospel to “the presbyter John” mentioned by Papias, the authors of this study show that the patristic evidence more likely seems to support the authorship of John the apostle and that the literary device of inclusio in the Fourth Gospel, astutely observed by Bauckham, also favors the authorship of John the son of Zebedee. Key Words: Fourth Gospel, Beloved Disciple, John, authorship, apostle, Zebedee, John the Elder, Papias, Eusebius, Muratorian Fragment, Polycrates, Irenaeus, Bauckham Introduction Recent years have witnessed a significant number of publications on the identity of “the disciple Jesus loved” in John’s Gospel. The ever more daring proposals have included identifications of this figure as diverse as the apostle Thomas, Mary Magdalene, Lazarus, James the son of Zebedee, and even the Samaritan woman, among others. 1 Most recently, Richard Bauckham...
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...been enthusiastic, and many have taken pains to express their appreciation. But when your own mother tells you that the book you wrote is too long, it's probably time for a shorter version. We admit that Decision Making and the Will of God cannot be read in an evening. So we have put together this shorter version that can. As painful as it is, we have had to leave some things out. Like three parts of the four-part book. So, you will read nothing of "The Traditional View of Guidance" (Part 1) nor our critique of it (Part 2)--alas. We also had to omit the final section (Part 4) which applies biblical principles of decision making to major decisions such as: marriage, ministry, missions, vocation, giving, and issues where Christians differ. What is left? The heart of the book-a biblical approach to understanding the will of God as it pertains to decision-making. This version is a condensation of those chapters (Part 3) which set forth "The Way of Wisdom." It is a "no frills" presentation of four principles which apply to all of life's choices, whether great or small. It contains the reply we give when we have thirty minutes to answer the question: "What does your book say, anyway?" Actually, we've given quite a few of those half- hour introductions. So we know from experience that a summary presentation such as this can be a helpful way to...
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...history and all interrelated information in one thousand words or so. We have spent weeks in research to introduce this faith to our readers in its fullest context, enabling them to know all about their faith in a few minutes. Second, the individuals who are interested to know about other religions; but refrain to go through scriptures and revelations. This concise article will be of great interest to them. The article is neither a critical nor a comprehensive study of any faith. Nevertheless it contains full contextual information of the faith. Criticism or the commendation is invited and open heartedly appreciated. Your remarks would encourage us to continue with our endeavors. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 Table Of Figures 5 CHRISTIANITY – The Largest Religion 6 1. Introduction 6 2....
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