...The Boeing B-29 Superfortress is a heavy bomber designed by Boeing that was flown primarily by the United States in World War II and during the Korean War. It has four 2,200-horsepower Wright Double Cyclone engines. This bomber has a wingspan of 141 feet 3 inches, and is 99 feet in length. It has a gross weight of 105,000 pounds (140,000 pounds postwar), an empty weight of 69,610 pounds. The B-29 has a top speed of 365 miles per hour, and a cruising speed of 220 miles per hour. It was also armed with twelve .50-caliber machine guns, one 20 mm cannon, a 20,000-pound bomb load, and carried a crew of ten. The first prototype made its maiden flight from Boeing Field in Seattle, WA on September 21, 1942. In the beginning, manufacturing an airworthy B-29 Superfortress proved to be a difficult task. Changes to the production craft came so often and so quickly that in early 1944, B-29’s flew from the production lines directly to United States Air Force modification depots for extensive rebuilds, and to incorporate the latest changes. By the end of 1943, just over 100 B-29’s were delivered, and only fifteen percent were airworthy. General Hap Arnold had a plan to resolve the problem, with production personnel being sent from the factories to the modification centers to speed modification. 150 aircraft were airworthy six weeks. The B-29 Superfortress revolutionized World War II-era bombers, enabling long-range missions over Japan. The "super bomber" could carry more payload and fly...
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...MODERN AMERICAN MILITARY HISTORY JULY 27, 2015 There have been many innovations developed as a result of World War Two (WWII). Many of those innovations and technologies were pushed forward in to high gear because of the need created by warfare. All types of items such as a proximity fuse (used to detonate bombs & Anti-Aircraft shells), significant advances in tanks, amphibious mobile troop carriers (DUKW), new designed aircraft carriers took over the old World War One battleships, were a direct product from the conflict. The development of the RADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging) played a crucial role during the Battle of Britain in World War Two for the British air forces. At a time where the British only had available to them a total of 800 aircraft to try to hold back the German in which had an air force with over 3,000 planes at their ready. The use of Radar gave the British the upper hand by allow them to be able to detect the German aircraft while they were still fifty to sixty miles away. This enabled the British to only permit a limited amount of forces to fight the Germans as the approached knowing the direction, altitude, and speed of the planes as they came. In the great depths of the sea, the German U-boat had become quiet the force that was wreaking havoc on the Allied Naval ships. The U.S. Navy not only had the use of SONAR (SOund Navigating And Ranging) but the development of Bearing Deviation Indicator (BDI) was a useful tool in adding the sonar equipment...
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...This background paper is on the Tuskegee Airmen. It will highlight the aircraft flown, combat record, and overall historical significance. Some of the aircraft flown by the Tuskegee Airmen were the B-17 Flying Fortresses, the P-51 Mustangs, and the P-47 fighters.1 Another aircraft flown was the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk aircraft, in which the Tuskegee Airmen flew hundreds of patrol and attack missions for the Twelfth Air Force.2 In addition, the Bell P-39 Airacobra was used for the first combat mission, while some members were assigned to the 477th Medium Bombardment Group, which trained at Selfridge Field to fly B-25 Mitchell medium bombers. The 332nd Fighter Group at first used P-47 airplanes, but eventually traded them for P-51 Mustangs, the...
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...In order to fulfill this role, the Soviet Union developed the Tu-22M strategic supersonic bomber. The Tu-22M is a Russian long range strategic bomber that was specifically made to deliver nuclear devices. In addition to nuclear capabilities, the Tu-22M could also be used for maritime strike or reconnaissance missions. Depending on what mission it is being used for, the plane can carry a vast array of weapons. For maritime strikes, the Tu-22 could be armed with anti-ship missiles and torpedoes. For alternative missions, the plane could be fitted with KH-15p anti-radar missiles, KH-22 stand-off missiles, or even FAB-1500 freefall bombs (Airforce Technology). The Tu-22M is a highly versatile plane, which could be used for a numerous amount of missions, ranging from naval engagements to regular bombing runs. Due to its versatility, it is still in service today, almost...
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...associated with them. The type of uncertainty that can occur in knowledge-based systems may be caused by problems with the data. For example: 1. Data might be missing or unavailable 1. Data might be present but unreliable or ambiguous due to measurement errors. 1. The representation of the data may be imprecise or inconsistent. 1. Data may just be user’s best guess. 1. Data may be based on defaults and the defaults may have exceptions. The uncertainty may also be caused by the represented knowledge since it might 1. Represent best guesses of the experts that are based on plausible or statistical associations they have observed. 1. Not be appropriate in all situations (e.g., may have indeterminate applicability) Given these numerous sources of errors, most knowledge-based systems require the incorporation of some form of uncertainty management. When implementing some uncertainty scheme we must be concerned with three issues: 1. How to represent uncertain data 2. How to combine two or more pieces of uncertain data 3. How to draw inference using uncertain data We will introduce three ways of handling uncertainty: Probabilistic reasoning. Certainty factors Dempster-Shafer Theory 1. Classical Probability The oldest and best defined technique for managing uncertainty is based on classical probability theory. Let us start to review it...
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...1. The purpose of this memorandum is to discuss and provide information concerning the U.S. Army Air Force’s raid on industrial targets in Schweinfurt, Germany during World War II. 2. On 17 August 1943, the U.S. Army Air Force conducted the first raid on industrial targets in Regensburg and Schweinfurt. Their goal was to reduce German production of ball bearings, airplanes, and other materials necessary for the war. At the time, the majority of German ball bearing production capabilities were in Schweinfurt. 3. The initial plan called for the 1st and 4th Bomber Wings (BW) to conduct simultaneous attacks of the respective cities. Due to fog, however, the 1st BW did not take off when planned. The 4th BW did not delay and struck their targets in Regensburg. The time difference between the two forces allowed German fighters time to refuel and refit between the 1st and 4th BW’s attacking bomber runs....
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...American P-51 Mustang was an aircraft developed out of necessity and lessons learned during the early years of World War 2. From the very start of the war, the doctrine utilized for aviation was outdated, along with many of the airframes fighting the war. With the development of the P-51, doctrine would be re-written, and the Allied forces would defeat the German and Axis Military Machine in an extremely convincing manner. Out of necessity, it is arguable, that the most influential aerial platform in history was created. Before World War 2 started officially, the doctrine followed by the United States as well as the majority of their allies was “the bombers will always get through” (Miller 2007). Simply put, this meant that the need and more importantly the desire for a fighter escort was deemed unnecessary. Instead, formations of bombers would be closely positioned together, and the idea was that the concentration of fire provided by that formation would be more than enough protection for them to successfully complete their mission. Moreover, The American military was investing more time and money in multi-engine fighters that were able to take more of a beating, and were built to be more...
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...Jungle of Bones 1. Dylan a young boy from Wisconsin is a so-called a “ screw up”. Dylan has become a rude, selfish, and not a very good kid since his father was killed in Sudan during a war. After a recent incident with him stealing a junkyard car and doing donuts in a farmers field Dylan’s Mother had enough. She decided to send Dylan with his Uncle Todd for the summer. His Uncle Todd planned a trip for the two go to PNG or Papua New Guinea, in searching for his grandfathers lost B-17 bomber from World War 2. Uncle Todd thinks that going on this trip would help Dylan become a better kid. Dylan realizes the PNG jungle is not a very forgiving place. 2. My favorite scene in the book was after Dylan got separated from his group, and Dylan wakes up after passing out from a snake bite to meet a young girl named Kanzi. She is from a village farther away and helps Dylan, Kanzi had sucked out the venom for his snake bit when Dylan wakes up to see the young girl with blood all over her mouth he thinks she’s a cannibal. Kanzi explains about the snakebite and Dylan calms down. He asks her about the bomber and she takes him to it. The importance of this scene in the book is that Kanzi knows where the B-17 bomber is and helps Dylan find the bomber. After she takes him to the plane Kanzi goes out into the Jungle and finds his group and brings them to Dylan....
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...Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University | History of the Tuskegee Airmen | History 130 Term Paper | 8/24/2015 | Abstract During the course of World War II members of the 99th Pursuit Squadron, later changed to 99th Fighter Squadron, fought bravely for a nation that didn’t respect them. The Red Tails became one of the finest groups of aviators in American aviation history. They were an effective and efficient group and earned 96 Distinguished Flying Crosses, 14 Bronze Stars, and 8 Purple Hearts. They also received 3 Distinguished Unit Citations, 2 for the 99th and 1 for the entire fighter group (Martin, 2014, p. 78). They accomplished all this with less training, inadequate facilities, and less rest than their white counterparts. Their bomber escort missions proved they were willing to sacrifice their own personal glory for the safety of others and the completion of the mission. The Red Tails of the 332nd were true American heroes and valued aviators! The story of the Tuskegee Airman is one that has helped shape America’s perception of not only aviation but the role that the black community could play in this country’s development. The idea that a black man could fly a plane as well as the whites was very controversial and thus not even considered. Due to the racism of this period in America blacks had to put up with bigotry everywhere they turned. The Tuskegee Airman changed a lot of people’s minds on how blacks in America were perceived. In May...
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...|[pic] | | | | |DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY | | | |1ST BATTLE COMMAND TRAINING GROUP | | | |1st BATTLE COMMAND TRAINING BRIGADE, 75TH DIVISION (BCTD) | | | |14555 SCHOLL STREET | | | |HOUSTON, TEXAS 77054-2025 | | | | | | | |REPLY TO | | | |ATTENTION OF | ...
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...Dyess Air Force Base, Texas is formally known as a military hub for the famous B-1 and C-130 aircraft and for being an active part of the Global War on Terrorism. From December 2003 until April 2013, the base was a vital part of Operation Enduring Freedom as well as Operation Iraqi Freedom and was deployed consistently for almost 3,400 days during that time. Dyess Air Force Base, located 4 miles west of Abilene, has valued and contributed to the community of Abilene throughout its history. Formerly named Tye Army Air Field, Abilene Army Air Base, and Abilene Army Air Field, Dyess Air Force Base, Texas has been “dropping warheads on foreheads” in the name of freedom for over seventy years. Although only remnants of Tye Army Air Field exist...
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...ASCM 628 9081 Contract Pricing and Negotiations Source Selection Plan and a Technical Evaluation Plan for the Supersonic Bomber Statement of Work Purpose This process is undertaken so as to equip thoroughly the US Department of Air Force to a capacity that can handle an external aggression of any sophistry. Scope of Work The work will involve drawing a source selection plan, and then implementing it (Western Power Distribution - Statement of Works, 2016). The Source Selection Evaluation Body will evaluate all the proposals of the prospective offerors and they submit them to the Source Selection Authority for selecting the most appropriate offeror. Location of Work The work will be done in the procurement office of the US Department of Air Force. Where need is, the SSEB will contact any prospective offeror from whom they want further clarification of information. Period of Performance The process must be completed within one month. The soliciting team will work for thirty-six hours per week. Deliverables Schedule The preparation of a source selection plan will take 20 hours. Another 20 hours are allocated to receiving the proposals. The amount of time assigned to evaluating the proposals is 80 hours. The rest of the 44 hours are assigned to the compilation of the evaluation report and selection of the winner. Applicable Standards The standards applied to the format of the proposals, and the information to be included...
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...TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT CATHERINE PALOMA CAJURAO I – 1 1. What type of Aviation used in the movie? * The aviation used in the movie was the Military Aviation. 2. What categories of aircraft used in the movie? * The aircrafts used in the movie are Propellers, Prop Planes and Jet Prop planes. Japanese planes such as: A. Mitsubishi A6M Zero-Sen * The Mitsubishi A6M Zero-Sen, or simply the Mitsubishi, were a single-seat fighters used in the first attack wave on Pearl Harbor's ships. The plane was also used as a bomber, with a 132-pound bomb under each wing. At the time of its creation, the Mitsubishi was considered the best of all Japanese aircraft. The maximum speed for this aircraft was 310 miles per hour and it was able to climb to 10,000 feet in less than 10 minutes. Mitsubishis had a wingspan of 39 feet and length of 29 feet. The Allied forces referred to this plane as "Zero" during the war. The plane was first conceived in 1937, and it was a primary aircraft for the Japanese until the end of World War II. B. Aichi D3A * The Aichi D3A airplanes were dive bombers and the principal planes of the Pearl Harbor attack. The Aichi aircraft manufacturing company first conceived this airplane model in 1936, and the Allies referred to the model as "Val." The plane carried one 550-pound bomb under the fuselage or two 130-pound bombs under each wing. The plane carried both a pilot and a gunner. The plane had a range of 874 miles and could fly...
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...call it quits with a peace treaty. Japan desperately needs the resources of Malaya and Britain occupied that area. Malay is about 90 minutes away from Pearl Harbor. Japan knew war with America meant war with Britain. Britain, Europe, and America had always been allies. Since Japan was already attacking British forces in Kota Bharu and successfully beating them, they must have thought they could win against America too. On December 7, 1941 at 8’oclok in the morning Japan attacked America at Pearl Harbor. The first wave of Japans air plane attack were 49 high altitude bombers, 40 torpedo planes, 43 fighters planes. This attack was lead by Mitsuo Fuchido. One of the first people to spot the bombing was Comdr. Logan C. Ramsay. He immediately went to the radio room and had them seed out an uncoded message to very ship and base: AIR RAID ON PEARL HAROR X THIS IN NOT A DRILL. Japans attack began with three dive-bombers striking the Army Air Forces’ wheeler Field, north of Pearl Harbor, and Hickam field, near Ford Island’s Battleship Row. They did this in hope of destroying American Air war planes. On the day of the were 223 army aircrafts based in Hawaii. The Japans managed to...
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...Hiroshima On August 6, 1945 the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan by an American B-52 bomber. The dropping of the atomic bombs in Japan brought an end to World War II and was somewhat of a form of revenge towards the Japanese from the Americans. The United States had been working on the development of the atomic bomb since the mid to late 1930’s with the Manhattan Project. The United States began developing the atomic bomb after Albert Einstein had informed President Franklin D. Roosevelt that Nazi Germany was also looking at how to create nuclear weapons by purifying uranium-235. Robert Oppenheimer oversaw the Manhattan Project, in which they “perfected” the formula for refining uranium and making it into an atomic bomb. By the time that the United States had “perfected” nuclear weaponry Germany had already been defeated, but the war with Japan continued on. The United States chose to drop the bomb on Hiroshima because it was a city of industrial and military significance, there were many military units located near the city and it was the site of Field Marshal Shunroku Hata’s Second General Army. The city of Hiroshima was a key shipping port for the Japanese military and it was also a meeting place for the military. At the time of the bombing the population of Hiroshima was approximately 345,000 compared to what it was at the beginning of the war, which was approximately 381,000 residents. There was a significantly smaller number at the time...
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