...RT NT OF J US CE TI Bureau of Justice Assistance IJ J O F OJJ D P B RO J US T I C E P Bureau of Justice Assistance Understanding Community Policing A Framework for Action MONOGRAPH S G OVC RA MS Office of Justice Programs N BJ A C E I OF F Bureau of Justice Assistance Understanding Community Policing A Framework for Action MONOGRAPH August 1994 NCJ 148457 Bureau of Justice Assistance This document was prepared by the Community Policing Consortium, supported by grant number 93–DD–CX–K005, awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Bureau of Justice Assistance Response Center 633 Indiana Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20531 800–421–6770 The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. ii Monograph Acknowledgments The Bureau of Justice Assistance wishes to thank Stephen J. Gaffigan, Director of Operations, Community Policing Consortium for supervising and coordinating the preparation of this document with the Consortium Management Team. BJA also acknowledges the members...
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...The Role of Sociology in Criminal Justice A person cannot avoid the experience of making decisions from a list full of options and choices in this life. The choices that an individual makes are vital in determining the shape his or her later life will take. Making the choice to attend or not to attend college is one of the choices a high school graduate has to make. It is essential for an individual standing at the cross roads after high school to be visionary in making a decision to join a college. Attending college is worth it because the knowledge obtained cannot be taken away from you. College education contributes significantly to the person development. College learning is both inside and outside classroom. The college experiences are a reminder that adulthood comes with more responsibility. In addition, it instills in a person the virtue that it is essential to work hard for one to succeed. There exist studies that support the need for a student to attend college. In a survey investigating the importance of college education today as compared to high school education, it was found that almost 90% of the respondents admitted that college education is important. The presentation of this paper agrees with these findings. With the changing societal needs, college education has become important like high school education. Therefore, the perception toward college education makes it important. There are other ways in which attending a college is important. First, college...
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...S.PALAVESAKRISHNAN palavesakrishnan@gmail.com Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Background to the Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Defining the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The Nature and the Scope of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Risk of Break-ins and Builder Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Selecting and Implementing the Preventive Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Monitoring Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Evaluating the Preventive Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Summary of the Results of the Experiment . ...
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...Administration Professor W. H. Roberts The case at hand addresses the crisis of homelessness in Seattle. Mayor Schell attempts to tackle the problem and makes a pledge to end the epidemic that he may or may not be able to keep. Specifically, the mayor pledges in June that by Christmas 1998 there will not be homeless women or children living on the streets of his cities (Electronic Hallway). This pledge garnered mass attention as it was run on both local newspapers and televised. Homelessness is robust in nature and scope and takes more than a pledge and good will to eliminate. It may not be within his realm of possibility either fiscally or logistically to accomplish what he pledges. Listening in the audience is the Director of the Community Services Division of the Department of Housing and Human Services, Alan Painter. Painter has over ten years of experience in planning and putting into action a variety of programs targeted at helping the of homeless. He agrees with the mayor’s assessment of the homeless situation, the need to eliminate the problem and applauds the mayor’s fervor. He is however, skeptical that such a feat can be accomplished and wonders how this pledge will mess or clash with the cities standard procedures for handling the homeless. The mayor’s pledge in effect puts Painter on the hot seat, so to speak in that he must devise a strategic plan to essentially make the mayor’s pledge a reality or as close to it as possible. Painter fears the cities current...
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...Classic Airlines Marketing Solutions Ricardo R. Bonner MKT 571 November 21, 2011 Abstract The author has read the case study on Classic Airlines and will attempt to help the company by formulating a marketing plan which would help them recognize, diagnose, plan and implement which would put them in a better position for marketing and profitability reasons. The author breaks down Classic’s approach by recognizing its most valued commodity, and seizing on the opportunity to improve it by offering a 9 step process. The author uses examples to both illustrate the flaws inherit in their marketing efforts and to project successes if suggested solutions are utilized. Classic Airlines Marketing Solutions According to its stockholder’s annual report and outside business analysts’ opinions, Classic Airlines (or Classic for purposes of this paper) is poised to assume elite status among air carriers. With its vast assortment of resources and perceived positive PR (public relations) persona, Classic has enjoyed prime positioning because of it. However the economy has altered well-intentioned plans of many companies, including Classic, as the downturn has crippled economic conditions. Classic believes it can identify its weaknesses and craft an effective marketing effort which would position the company to achieve sustained profitability. Classic Airlines believes that recent economic pressures have been the main culprit in its journey from confident trendsetter to...
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...general lack of social feeling for others was present (Adler, n.d.)”. These feelings in society guide the professional behavior that makes up the theory of criminal justice is a crucial part of criminal justice system, and the ethics that make up moral principles of right and wrong, administration that distributes burden and stresses common good in our legal system. We are, faced with ethical issues every day and must deal with components that make up our involved system in a professional manner. The administration of criminal justice, especially the policing of society and individual rights requires professional behavior in certain situations and may often for those on the outside looking in to find it difficult to handle. The criminal justice system has obligations of making moral judgments of what is right or wrong and must be done professionally and with the use of critical thinking. Because law enforcement its successes and failures are often judged by society vise right and wrong the system is under great scrutiny even from those that manage the system, and understand the stresses involved. The relationship between theories, and how they are defined like the principles of utilitarianism, and the manner in which agencies are defined through professional behavior and ethics of professional behavior is part of the analysis. What are some of the principles of justice theories? Explain how the principles of these theories differ...
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...Diversity & Equality of services professional discussion Task one – Human Rights – United Nations Declaration of Human Rights On 10thDecember 1948, the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights were introduced, this Declaration include 30 rights and articles. These were introduced after world war two after lives and homes lost by millions, leaders of the world came together an a new organisation was set up it was named the United Nations, this was set up to stop wars and build a better world. The first job was to draw up Human Rights, these belong to everyone. They were developed to stop Atrocities against Jews, Prisoners of war and the population of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (Atrocitiesis an extremely wicked or cruel act, usually causing physical or mental harm) The (UNDHR) will affect foreign nationals because if they come from a country which is part of the UN then they will have the same rights as anyone else in the UN. However if they are from a country outside of the UN then they will have the rights from their own country, religion and cultural backgrounds. The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights will only affect people who break the law such as entering the country illegally. This will affect them on a stop and search basis involving a strip search, this may affect their religious beliefs or their Human Rights which will be breached such as the freedom of choice or the freedom to live and work anywhere within the country. For example, Romanian and...
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...Organization Overview Mailbox Express #10, (MBX), is an independent mail and parcel, and business services center in the rural city of Bolivar and the surrounding area of Polk County, Missouri. The organizational mission is to provide the local population with an all-in-one center to purchase business services and products. Organization Description Originally founded in 1999 and purchased by the current owner, Rita C., in 2001, MBX is under the corporate umbrella of Harco, Inc., an S-type corporation registered in the State of Missouri. Approximately 8000 people in the city Bolivar, and another 2000 people in the surrounding area are served by MBX. It is the only business of its kind within a 27 mile radius of Bolivar. The 2013 budget for the business was $145,000. There is a current staff of 5, including Rita. MBX provides; packing, shipping, mailing, printing, graphic design, copying, packaging supplies, private mailboxes, and general business services. It is a walk-in, brick and mortar business. Recently added is a real estate title search service, which operates only through telephone, fax, and Email. Bolivar city government and local media have praised MBX for founding, organizing, and executing an annual chili cook-off benefitting several local non-profits. Leadership Practices Rita is always actively involved in collaborative strategy development. She sees her participation as an effective means to help her people connect and buy-in to her organizational vision. She...
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...Functionalism, strain and Subcultural theories Durkheim’s functionalist theory Functionalism – society based on value consensus. Members of society sharing common culture. In order to achieve this, two things needed: - Socialisation – helps ensure individuals share the same norms and values. Shows the way to act. - Social control – rewards for conformity and punishment for deviance. Controls behaviour. Inevitability of crime – functionalists see crime as inevitable and universal. Every society has crime. Two reasons why crime and deviance are in all societies: - No everyone is equally socialized into norms and values. Some are likely to be deviant. - Diversity of lifestyle and values. Different groups have their own subcultures with distinctive norms and values. Some may see deviant acts as normal. > Durkheim says in modern societies there is tendency towards anomie. The rules for behaviour become weaker and less clear-cut. This is because modern societies have a complex division of labour meaning individuals become more different from each other. Crime is more likely. Positive functions of crime – it also performs two positive functions Boundary maintenance - produces a reaction from society, uniting members in disapproval of criminals and reinforcing their commitment to shared norms and values. Adaptation and change – all change starts with an act of deviance. There must be scope to challenge existing norms and values and this will seem deviant in the...
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...BADM 581 5 October 2011 Business and Negotiation; the US and China as Antitheses? Developing a productive rapport with China and Chinese business is tantamount to modern economic success. For both parties it is a new experience; China emerges from a 24-year Communist hiatus and the US deals with individuals and social norms that are entirely different to those of the western world (Baldinger, 6). As both countries fight naturally xenophobic and insular ideological tendencies, it is interesting to observe compromise and acceptance and the cultures mix, particularly on the organization and professional levels. Whether one will prevail over the other on a broader political and economic level is a question for a different time, but the same battle rages in meeting rooms and corporate discussions on both shores. Indeed as the nations battle over complicated economic concerns, it is up to individual businesses to function coherently and productively to create a profitable and stable situation. Where US culture puts high demands on profit targets, formal industrial organization and structure, employee satisfaction and corporate responsibility, the same priorities are not comparable in China. Certainly, conversely, Chinese values of manners and cordiality, production efficiency and personal trust and respect hold different places in the American industrial psyche. The discussion herewith will not be a discussion of merit, but an examination of how these factors complexly intermingle...
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...of officers being corrupt. Additionally, with cases of deaths and accusations that have come to the forefront about police throughout the United Stated, questions about police racial profiling have also come to light. Today’s police are considered to be corrupt and prejudice against minorities. Their image has been tarnished and police are now seen as the enemy. Many compare today’s law enforcement officers to the police officers that were prejudice and brutalized blacks during the civil rights movement. If police are to change the public’s perception of them so they can get back to the business of protecting and serving, they must address issues of racial profiling, police brutality and the criminal just system must partner with the community to reduce crime rates and recidivism rates among minorities. First, racial profiling is defined as “any police action initiated on the basis of race, ethnicity, or national origin of a suspect; rather than on the behavior of the individual or on information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity (Ramirez, 2008, p.3). Originally, racial profiling was used to combat the issue of drugs and assist with drug enforcement. In fact, during early implementation, racial profiling or profiling as it was called by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) was used to catch drug couriers attempting to enter to enter the country. The US Customs service and...
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...The Future of Emergency Management Jeffrey C. Jones Case Studies in Natural and Man Made Disasters Professor Charles Kocher July 16, 2012 Abstract Emergency managers have historically been just that, managers of emergency situations. As the field of emergency management changes, more and more emphasis is being placed on the prevention of the emergency all together. This paper will lay out the frame work of emergency management in terms of total reorganization. The current model although tweaked many times is still response heavy, the new model will be more prevention and mitigation based, as will call for the total overhaul of conventional emergency management. Introduction The American public as an expectation that be it private or government on any level professional responders and emergency managers should be capable of handling any and all types of emergencies. They have an expectation be it fair or not that these responders should execute these responses without error. This expectation is only further fueled by popular television programs that depict stoic emergency managers that handle the large events everyday. In addition to emergency managers the same could be said about military commanders, and political leaders. The odd coincidence is that this was also the key duty that emergency managers have always focused on. The thought was that if a manager handles the call or...
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...EGERTON UNIVERSITY NAIROBI CITY CAMPUS FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF PEACE, SECURITY & SOC. STUDIES M.A SECURITY MANAGEMENT NAME : MWITI GITONGA MBERIA ADM NO : AM21/0425/13 ASSIGNMENT : TERRORISM AND COUNTERTERRORISM COURSE CODE : SECU. 715 COURSE TITLE: TERRORISM AND COUNTERTERRORISM SUPERVISOR : MADAM LOUISE MACHARIA DATE OF SUBMISSION: 16TH NOVEMBER, 2014 ACRONYMS CJM – Criminal Justice Model WM – War Model ECJM – Expanded Criminal Justice Model MACP – Military Aid to Civilian Power SIGNT – Signal acquired Intelligence HUMINT – Human acquired Intelligence ELINT - Electronic Communications Intelligence 1.0 INTRODUCTION Terrorists commit acts of great atrocity and inhumanity, and many affected by such acts may be tempted to take “an eye for an eye” approach, but it is important that any response or emergency powers follow democratic principles. By retaliating harshly, the state runs the risk not only of looking like an oppressive bullying regime but also of alienating the public, thus perhaps causing sympathy for the terrorists and making it harder for the state to refuse their demands. The counterterrorist approach/capability needs to have a preventive (before), responsive (during), and “post” or “after” approach to deal with incidents and eventualities afterward. If conflict...
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...Project Management in the OSCE A Manual for Programme and Project Managers Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Development, Coordination and Design This manual is designed and developed by the OSCE Secretariat’s Conflict Prevention Centre, Programming and Evaluation Support Unit (CPC/PESU). Main Author: Sebnem Lust, Programme and Project Evaluation Officer Co-Authors: Laura Vai, Head of Programming and Evaluation Support Unit Sean McGreevy, Project Co-ordination Officer Editor: Keith Jinks Designer: Nona Reuter Published by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe OSCE Secretariat CPC/PESU Wallnerstrasse 6 1010 Vienna Austria Telephone: +43 1 514 36 6122 Fax: +43 1 514 36 6996 www.osce.org Email: pcc-at@osce.org © 2010 OSCE ISBN: 978-92-9234-301-9 Rights and Permissions: All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be freely used and copied for educational and other non-commercial purposes, provided that any such reproduction is accompanied by an acknowledgement of the OSCE as the source. ii Acknowledgements This manual contains comprehensive guidance on how the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe applies the Project Cycle Management method and the Logical Framework Approach to its project work, as well as essential information on the political, programmatic, regulatory and information technology aspects of project management. The manual’s purpose is to ensure coherence, consistency and transparency...
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...Article Watching the Watchers and McLuhan’s Tetrad: The Limits of Cop-Watching in the Internet Age Brian P. Schaefer Kevin F. Steinmetz University of Louisville, US. brian.schaefer@louisville.edu Kansas State University, US. criminogenic@outlook.com Abstract The internet is considered by many to be a boon for political activists, such as cop-watchers—a free, open, and widespread medium in which to disseminate political messages. While there is truth to these claims, the internet, like any technology, can be used for many purposes and comes with its own arrangement of limitations. To elucidate these limitations and to provide a word of caution about the political potential of the internet, particularly for video-activists/cop-watchers, the theoretical work of Marshall McLuhan is used to understand how the internet, as a medium, shapes and limits political messages. Using McLuhan’s tetrad, this study examines how the internet is problematic for cop-watching groups. In particular, the internet is said to yield consequences through how it (1) enhances or intensifies how the viewer experiences political messages through speed, (2) retrieves the importance of the narrator, (3) renders previous media increasingly obsolete, yet opens up new avenues for commercial dominance, and (4) creates additional reversals or other problems for video activism, such as the mass proliferation of surveillance and formatting discussion in counter-productive ways. ...
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