...not carrying out their tasks and lack of knowledge. Leeson used this to boost his ego. If each of the people in organisation do their jobs without compromising or lacking in somewhere, Leeson wont have chance to take advantage. Corporate Player Staff Internal monitor, internal auditor Gatekeepers like external auditor External bodies Shareholders How each of these people compromised their duties? Leaders: * Lack of knowledge, they did not know anything about the activities * They didn’t not change the management for the new business * Blindly depend on external people without proper test * Profit gained shared among management as bonuses, lead to further greed, monetary benefits * Hire Leeson who is only a bookkeeper * Employee incompetent people for the job * No monitoring, lessen is left independent to handle the stock market * No proper check when he asked for money, no due diligence test was done * Internal auditor External auditor * Blindly follow the document given by Barings Bank, without checking Security exchange commission * They failed to conduct investigation * Receive alert but negligence of external goalkeeper Although is a one-man-show, everyone has compromised their duties Q1 * Lack of Internal Control * Lack of supervision * Lack of proper communication * Lack of...
Words: 1026 - Pages: 5
...journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/researchregister The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0268-6902.htm The changing role of the auditors R. Jayalakshmy, A. Seetharaman and Tan Wei Khong Faculty of Management, Multimedia University, Cyber Jaya, Malaysia Abstract Purpose – To highlight the pressures that the auditors would face in the era of globalisation and the challenges they should be willing to accept in order to maintain trust and integrity. Design/methodology/approach – A wide range of articles and journals published in international journals as well as local journals has been reviewed. The areas covered include audit fraud, true and fair view interpretation, auditor independence and role of internal auditors. Further, ideas have also been obtained from critical write-ups in the business magazines on the fall of multinationals. Findings – A wide range of interpretation has been given by various groups of people on their understanding of the phrase “true and fair”. This has created great confusion as to the interpretation of the audit reports. This has been proven by the fall of many multinationals and the audit pioneers, Andersens. This is one of the causes of audit fraud and it is also seen that as the auditors face an enormous challenge as they enter the twenty-first century, they should be willing to change their attitudes towards their clients. Professionalism should be in the forefront, and...
Words: 12579 - Pages: 51
...NEED TO ADD THE TITTLE • Research Paper Topic: • What are Auditors’ Responsibility Today to Detect Fraud; include how do these responsibilities fit into the professional practices of: external auditors, Certified Public Accountants in public practice and Internal Auditors and what has changed in these areas in recent years? For standards or articles use the following items as they relate to your paper to help organize your paper. Statements on Auditing Standards (SAS), especially all those statements relating to fraud, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), Sarbanes-Oxley Act , etc. (SOX, Sarbox); International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing (Standards), European Confederation of Institutes of Internal Auditing (ECIIA), Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) , Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)and its standards, and professional articles or books as primary sources. • • • • PLEASE HELP ME OUT EDITING THIS PAPER, SENTENCE STRUCTURE, ADD SENTENCES IF NEEDED I’M LOOKING FORWARD TO AN A PAPER AFTER THIS PROOF READING Thank you in advance please help • Auditors’ Responsibility to detect Fraud today Public companies are required by the SEC to prepare and issue financial statements that made a fair presentation of the companies’ performance. The SEC also stipulates that the companies whose shares...
Words: 2508 - Pages: 11
...the corporation through a variety of internal audit services has raised concerns about the ability of in-house auditors to perform the wider-scale audit function in a more professional and cost-saving manner (Chapman and Anderson, 2002). Due to fierce market competitions and overcapacities, company managements set out to downsize company staff and put the focus on its profit-producing business, tending to outsource (referred to the practice that one accounting firm provides audit-related services for a business organization) internal audit function to engage external specialists to present a highly cost-saving and professional performance. Although some evidence suggests that there are many limitations of outsourced activities, this essay asserts that outsourced internal audit function plays an essential role in the development process of a corporation and there is a need to outsource that function. In consequence, these positive effects on companies will be described principally in three main areas: increase in the independence of external auditors, improvement in the audit quality as well as reduction in the audit cost. Increase in independence It is contended that outsourcing the internal audit poses a great threat to external auditor’s independence, which results from self-review threats and the economic relationship. The Institute of Internal Auditors...
Words: 2899 - Pages: 12
...evolved, so has business, and as business has evolved so has auditing. The concept of auditing is as old as civilization. The need for a knowledgeable, external, third person to verify transactions or accounts and detect fraud has been present since the advent of trade and accounting. Thus the goal of auditing, in this sense, has not changed since. Teck-Heang Lee observed that “auditing serves as a mechanism to monitor conduct and performance, and to secure and enforce accountability (Lee 2008). All in all, an audit function plays a crucial role in maintain welfare and stability in society.” However, what has changed is how the roles and responsibilities of auditors have changed to reflect the needs of the business environment of the time. As such, auditors and the auditing profession have always played a very important role in business and, more recently, in society in general. As business in today’s world becomes more dynamic, accounting (and therefore by extension auditing) must also evolve to become more dynamic. The evolution of auditing is a complicated history that has always been changing through historical events. This can be seen in the shift in the role of external auditors from a cyclical audit approach to now more of a top-down risk-based continuous audit. The factors that have played a major role in this shift of role and responsibilities are the cycle of fraud, regulation, and compliance; and also the rise and importance of technology in the Information Age we currently...
Words: 5760 - Pages: 24
...HISTORY The increasing complexity of modern business and other organisations has created the need for a specialist in various business controls: the internal auditor. We can understand better the nature of internal auditing today if we know something about the changing conditions in the past and the different needs these changes created. What is the earliest form of internal auditing and how did it come into existence? How has internal auditing responded to changing needs? As the operations of an organisation become more voluminous and complex, it is no longer practicable for the owner or top manager to have enough contact with all operations to satisfactorily review the effectiveness of performance. These responsibilities need to be delegated. The Development of the Profession of Internal Auditing Internal auditing has evolved from accounting-oriented to a management-oriented profession. At one time, internal auditing functioned as a junior to the independent accounting profession, and attesting to the accuracy of financial matters was the profession's main concern. Now internal auditing has established itself with a far broader focus. Modern internal auditing provides services that include the examination and appraisal of controls, performance, risk and governance throughout public and private entities. Financial matters represent only one aspect of the purview of internal auditing. Requirement to have Internal Audit Activity In January 2004, the...
Words: 6115 - Pages: 25
...External auditors do not rely on internal auditors as much as they could – why? How could this reliance be improved? Presented By Mingdi Deng Shirene Horner Yueyang Shi Trevor Stewart Jingtao Wang CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT 3 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. REASONS 3 2.1 INTERNAL AUDITOR ROLES 3 2.2 THE REPORTING AND OBJECTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF THE INTERNAL AUDITOR 4 3. COLLABORATION IN PRACTICE 5 3.1 COMMUNICATION AND COOPERATION 5 3.2 PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS 5 3.3 RECORDING AND TESTING ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS 6 3.4 SUBSTANTIVE TESTS 6 4. CONSEQUENCES OF INFLUENCE 7 5. RELIANCE IMPROVEMENTS 8 5.1 ATTEMPTS FOR IMPROVEMENT 8 5.2 INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY AND COMMUNICATION METHOD FOR INTERNAL AUDITORS AND EXTERNAL AUDITORS 8 5.3 FURTHER EDUCATION IS...
Words: 4113 - Pages: 17
...objectives for improvement, with measurable results and a structured approach to risk assessment (Montero, Araque, and Rey, 2009).This also includes the monitoring of health and safety management failures, auditing of performance and review of policies and objectives according to the standard. In my previous organization in Bangladesh, we have started working towards qualifying for the OHSAS 18001 certificate and I was responsible as an internal auditor for the process. In this process, I also had the opportunity to work with the external auditor (certification audit). In the auditing process, I have monitored health and safety management failures, auditing of performance and managed to review of policies and objectives as suggested by the external auditor. In this report, some brief discussion has been made about the literature review about the framework and challenges in the auditing process (internal and external). Lastly, some propositions have been made to improve the quality of the audit process (both internal and external). Introduction It is becoming a popular practice in today’s business world that, companies have started to invest in human capital to exceed the demands...
Words: 1654 - Pages: 7
...decide to use the corporate governance toolkit as the basis for your research. a) Overview: 1. What are the basic principles of corporate governance? • Transparency: Are the board telling us what is going on? • Accountability: Is the board taking responsibility? • Corporate Control: Is the board doing the right thing? 2. What mechanisms are suggested by the ASX corporate Governance Council? Relating to the three principles stated in the last question. The ASX Corporate Governance Council translates the elements into mechanisms: • Is the board telling us what is going on? →forming an environment to take risk. • Is the board taking responsibility? →clarifying the role of the board and management. • Is the board doing the right thing? →Meeting information needs of investment communities. 3. What is an SME? SME stands for Small and Medium Enterprises. 4. What processes would you expect to find in a company relating to risk management and compliance processes? • Policy/framework • Board commitment, oversight and review • Accountability • Risk processes: o Risk identification o Risk assessment/measurement o Risk response • Robust appropriate internal control and statutory and regulatory compliance...
Words: 1703 - Pages: 7
...Committees in enhancing the act of external audit so as to gratify stakeholders’ needs. In present years, Audit Committee (AC) has become to be one of the mainstays in Corporate Governance system in British public companies. It plays a vital act by bestowing critical oversight of risk management in a firm across monitoring the integrity of its financial statements in conjunction to company’s financial performance. According to the Combined Code on Corporate Governance, all listed company are needed to set up an AC. According Millichamp et al (2008), it should comprise of no less than three non-executive managers who are independent directors. The members should expert in certain areas in company, however should have no on-site managing the management of the business. Besides, members should state their duties and powers clearly in written form. External audits normally furnish non-audit services across the year and rely on the inner control. They furnish reasonable assurance concerning the effectiveness of internal controls above financial describing across a collection of evidence. They express their judgments if the financial statements are fairly gave by the association and additionally untitled make sure the accounting records are well upheld in a proper way. They are responsible to the stockholders in a firm in addition to reveal the annual financial reports by collecting the facts so as to attain reasonable assurance. In our society today, external audits will even bring up helpful...
Words: 4158 - Pages: 17
...INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL AUDIT Professor PhD Atanasiu Pop, „Babeş-Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca, e-mail: apop@econ.ubblcuj.ro PhD Student Cristina Boţa-Avram, „Babeş-Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca, e-mail: botaavram@gmail.com PhD Student Florin Boţa-Avram, „Babeş Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca, e-mail: botaavramflorin@yahoo.com ABSTRACT: Analyzing the evolution process of internal audit, from its beginnings and so far, we can easily notice that internal audit function was born through detaching of some activities from external audit, the result being that there some situations when these two functions could be easily confused. The reality is that internal audit and external audit are two distinctive functions; net differenced, but which are also characterized through some complementary relationships. In this paper, we try to give our contribution at the clarification of the similarities and differences between these two functions, making a literature review that allowed us to identify some very interesting studies that permitted us to emphasize the main criterions that influenced the relationship between internal audit and external audit. Keywords: internal audit, external audit, objectivity, competence JEL Codes: M42 1. Introduction The coordination of internal audit activity with external audit activity is very important from both points of view: from external audit’s point of view is important because, in this way, external auditors have the possibility...
Words: 3860 - Pages: 16
...adequately staffed both in terms of numbers as well as skill sets to discharge its functions effectively. The IIA Attribute Standards / and Performance Standards are very clear and definitive on this: i) Attribute Standard 1210 - Proficiency Internal auditors should possess the knowledge, skills and other competencies needed to perform their individual responsibilities. The internal audit activity collectively should possess or obtain the knowledge, skills and other competencies needed to perform its responsibilities. ii) Performance Standard 2030 - Resource Management The Chief Audit Executive should ensure that internal audit resources are appropriate, sufficient and effectively deployed to achieve the approved plan. Professionalism Internal auditing is grounded in professionalism and efficiency. Today's internal auditors are a far cry from the 'fault finders' or 'policeman' role that the profession has long been associated with. Modern day internal auditors are routinely consulted on all aspects of the organisation's activities from strategic planning issues to the standard day-to-day operational issues relating to the risk environment and internal control framework. They are continually on the lookout for emerging risks and changing risk profiles which may have an adverse impact on the organisation. They form the 'eyes' and 'ears' of Audit Committees who rely on their work before executing statements of internal control...
Words: 2392 - Pages: 10
...INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL AUDIT Professor PhD Atanasiu Pop, „Babeş-Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca, e-mail: apop@econ.ubblcuj.ro PhD Student Cristina Boţa-Avram, „Babeş-Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca, e-mail: botaavram@gmail.com PhD Student Florin Boţa-Avram, „Babeş Bolyai” University of Cluj-Napoca, e-mail: botaavramflorin@yahoo.com ABSTRACT: Analyzing the evolution process of internal audit, from its beginnings and so far, we can easily notice that internal audit function was born through detaching of some activities from external audit, the result being that there some situations when these two functions could be easily confused. The reality is that internal audit and external audit are two distinctive functions; net differenced, but which are also characterized through some complementary relationships. In this paper, we try to give our contribution at the clarification of the similarities and differences between these two functions, making a literature review that allowed us to identify some very interesting studies that permitted us to emphasize the main criterions that influenced the relationship between internal audit and external audit. Keywords: internal audit, external audit, objectivity, competence JEL Codes: M42 1. Introduction The coordination of internal audit activity with external audit activity is very important from both points of view: from external audit’s point of view is important because, in this way, external auditors have the possibility...
Words: 3860 - Pages: 16
...Chapter 1 The Accounting Information System After reading this Chapter you should understand the reasons for studying Accounting Information Systems. [pic] Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNC1pvXwfzQ Question: Describe 5 ways these accounting systems can benefit a business. The recurring theme of this class and book is the changing role of the accountant and auditor as the trusted business advisor in the organization. The accountant no longer just prepares financial statements but is involved in decisions such as new hardware and software to purchase, strategic decisions such as mergers and new product lines, and controls to protect the information systems. Accountants and auditors need an extensive knowledge base in technology and business in order to assist in these tasks. Accounting information systems use application software that records and processes accounting transactions within functional modules such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and trial balance. It functions as an accounting information system. It may be developed in-house by the company or organization using it, may be purchased from a third party, or may be a combination of a third-party application software package with local modifications. It varies greatly in its complexity and cost. Accounting software is typically composed of various modules, different sections dealing with particular areas of accounting. Among the most common are: Core Modules • Accounts...
Words: 2785 - Pages: 12
...Internal Control - Integrated Framework Executive Summary Senior executives have long sought ways to better control the enterprises they run. Internal controls are put in place to keep the company on course toward profitability goals and achievement of its mission, and to minimize surprises along the way. They enable management to deal with rapidly changing economic and competitive environments, shifting customer demands and priorities, and restructuring for future growth. Internal controls promote efficiency, reduce risk of asset loss, and help ensure the reliability of financial statements and compliance with laws and regulations. Because internal control serves many important purposes, there are increasing calls for better internal control systems and report cards on them. Internal control is looked upon more and more as a solution to a variety of potential problems. Internal Control Internal control means different things to different people. This causes confusion among businesspeople, legislators, regulators and others. Resulting miscommunication and different expectations cause problems within an enterprise. Problems are compounded when the term, if not clearly defined, is written into law, regulation or rule. This report deals with the needs and expectations of management and others. It defines and describes internal control to: 1. Establish a common definition serving the needs of different parties. 2. Provide a standard against which business and other entities--large...
Words: 2817 - Pages: 12
