...Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin was a British Scientist who lived from 1809 to 1882. He laid down the foundation of modern evolutionary theory with his concept of the development of life through the slow working process of natural selection. Darwin started to make notes about this theory in 1836 and in 1838 he had arrived at a sketch of a theory of evolution through natural selection. It was not until 1858 that his theory was first published in a paper. Darwin’s theory states that as plants or animals spread to new areas, or as the conditions change different variations would be favored in different places. This would mean these variations would spread through the populations of the plants or animals. Over time this would finally lead to a development of new species. This theory was explained in the book ‘The Origin of Species’, which describes his studies on the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean. He noticed that the species on the islands varied slightly from each island and were adapted to local conditions. The reaction to this theory was immediate. Biologists argued that Darwin could not prove his hypothesis. Others criticized his ideas of variation and how he could not prove how these variations came about or how they were passed on. This part of his theory was not answered until the birth of modern genetics in the early 20th century. In fact many scientists had doubts about this theory for 50-80 years. The most publicized attacks came from religious opponents who...
Words: 5169 - Pages: 21
...Are Modern Humans Still Evolving?In the year eighteen fifty-nine, Charles Darwin published a book which he called “The Origin of Species”. In this book Darwin theorized that populations evolve over the years through a process called natural selection. Darwin realized that in a population, more individuals were born than could possibly survive, he also recognized that the individuals that survived and reproduced were the ones with some sort of competitive advantage over rival animals, therefore they were more likely to pass their useful traits down to their offspring (Darwin, 1859). As this process of natural selection occurred for millions of years, these desirable traits that were once only prevalent in a few individual animals became common traits for entire species (Winston, 2009). There are countless amounts of evidence that suggest that humans owe their existence to evolution, however, many people are skeptical as to whether or not it is still occurring, and whether or not it is happening in the same way. Some scientists hold that the human race has reached “its biological pinnacle and is no longer capable of changing” (McKie, 2005, ¶1). Alternatively, some experts believe that humans are evolving faster than ever (Sample, 2007), and others believe it is still happening, just on different terms. There has not been any deciding evidence as to whether or not humans are still evolving, however, saying it isn’t happening is a very difficult position to defend. Gene mutations...
Words: 3572 - Pages: 15
...1795, Smith began help with work on the ‘Somerset coal canal’ which still exists today. Several maps of England and Wales created by smith still exist. He was the first person to use fossils as mapping tools. In 1812, maps of England and Wales created by Smith himself with no help and only his own money were published by John Cary and were sold at £5.25 a copy. That did not pay enough for Smith, so he later fell into debt and landed in a debtor’s prison. After his release, he lived in Scarborough from 1824 to 1826, took on many odd jobs, and built a geological museum and called it the Rotunda. It was renamed ‘The William Smith museum of Geology’ by Lord Oxborgh in May 2008. After a few years of jumping from job to job, he finally found a steady job and a good home. In 1828, he was given a post as land steward to Sir John Johnston of Hackness. In 1831, the president of the Geological society of London awarded the first Wollaston medal to Smith. The Wollaston Medal is awarded to “geologists who have had a significant influence by means of a substantial body of excellent research in either or both pure and applied aspects of the science.”...
Words: 621 - Pages: 3
...Earth if any. For years we have studied our planet Earth, we have tried to understand its climate, atmosphere its lands and oceans. We try to understand how life as we know only exists on earth. This study is now known as Geology. Earth is the 3rd planet from the Sun at a distance of about 150 million kilometers It takes 365.2 days for the Earth to travel around the Sun and 23.9 hours for the Earth to rotate a complete revolution. It has a diameter of 12,756 kilometers, only a few hundred kilometers larger than that of Venus. Our atmosphere is composed of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and 1 percent other constituents. It is believed that life began on earth about 4.6 billion years ago. Scientist believe that comets and meteorites could have contributed to life on earth by depositing carbon based molecules into the atmosphere. Nitrogen and oxygen in another form can create water. Water is the most essential part of life. It is no surprise that water covers over 71% of the Earth’s surface. According to How stuff works (n.d.), “Water is on a constant cycle, it evaporates from the ocean, travels through the air, rains down on the land and then flows back to the ocean” (para. 1). Earth maintains the correct balance of elements to sustain life....
Words: 2110 - Pages: 9
...ENSAYO ARGUMENTATIVO ¿Quién Soy Yo? 15 pasos para la elaboración de un ensayo argumentativo: 1) Investiga y resume los argumentos existentes sobre el tema a debatir. * Yo soy un ser humano * Yo soy hondureño * Yo soy un creyente * Yo soy dinámico * Yo soy sincero * Yo soy una creación divina * Yo soy inteligente * Yo soy analítico * Yo soy extrovertido * Yo soy ambicioso * Yo soy trabajador * Yo soy responsable * Yo soy hombre * Yo soy pensativo * Yo soy latino * Yo soy un hijo * Yo soy un hermano * Yo soy un joven * Yo soy único * Yo soy un ser en proceso de perfección * Yo soy cuerpo * Yo soy alma * Yo soy espíritu * Yo soy una vida * Yo soy real * Yo soy una realidad * Yo soy visionario * Yo soy terrestre * Yo soy familia * Yo soy parte del Universo * Yo soy un propósito * Yo soy una razón * Yo soy Nery Samuel Murillo * Yo soy Yo 2) Anota todas las razones a favor y en contra que puedas encontrar. Razones a favor: * A diferencia de los animales, los cuales solo actúan por intuición, soy un ser único, creado a imagen y semejanza de Dios; capaz de actualizar la realidad constantemente utilizando mi inteligencia. Soy producto del soplo de vida del Todopoderoso, estando compuesto por mi cuerpo, mi alma y mi espíritu. * No soy un fenómeno de la evolución del mono u otro animal o cosa, puesto que soy un ser divino...
Words: 5247 - Pages: 21
...The Great Degeneration This book was written by a man named Niall Ferguson. He wrote the book to propose some ideas and facts on the Western rise and the fact that the rest of the world has grown at a slower rate. Niall Ferguson writes about the not only the growth but the decrease of growth and the complete halt of growth that seems to be inevitable for the United States. He further warns that this is happening to the West and that something must be done before we are surpassed and cannot come back from the fate to which we are headed. In the first chapter of this book the author poses an argument that he believes the “Great Divergence” was caused by something called institutions. After reading the chapter and gaining an understanding that institutions are any mechanism that is put in place with the intent to govern a group. The idea presented is that the use of institutions has helped advance Western civilization many years ahead of China. I agree with the author’s argument. I believe that having institutions in place allowed the Western civilizations to be able to innovate and create a much faster growing economy. The book states an argument that, to the author, it does not make any logical sense that the reason Western civilization was ahead of the rest of the world is that they had and/or have some sort of superiority. Along with the idea of institutions pushing the Western civilization forward, I believe that a superiority had to be present. If there was not a superiority...
Words: 1985 - Pages: 8
...Naturwissenschaften (2004) 91:255–276 DOI 10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y REVIEW Ulrich Kutschera · Karl J. Niklas The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis Published online: 17 March 2004 Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis was published in Darwin’s Origin of Species one year later, the appearance of which provoked other leading scientists like August Weismann to adopt and amplify Darwin’s perspective. Weismann’s neo-Darwinian theory of evolution was further elaborated, most notably in a series of books by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley and others. In this article we first summarize the history of life on Earth and provide recent evidence demonstrating that Darwin’s dilemma (the apparent missing Precambrian record of life) has been resolved. Next, the historical development and structure of the “modern synthesis” is described within the context of the following topics: paleobiology and rates of evolution, mass extinctions and species selection, macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium, sexual reproduction and recombination, sexual selection and altruism, endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and...
Words: 17126 - Pages: 69
...Pure Logic vs. Scientific Logic “Reasoning is an art, and reasoning about the natural world is the art that lies at the base of science” (Castel and Sismondo 55). Pure logic is “a form of reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity” (Oxford Dictionaries). In contrast, scientific logic is a form of reasoning in which a logical thought process is used to conduct experiments and research in order to reach a valid conclusion. Altogether, pure and scientific logic are different forms of reasoning used to solve everyday problems in life; yet, it is ‘scientific logic’ that is more prevalent in solving everyday problems, including critical interpretations of major problems on earth. Scientific logic is the best choice to cope with life problems in the midst of global issues; it helps facilitate our logical expertise in daily matters; it is both predictable and reliable; and on a greater scale, scientific logic helps us deal with the widespread problems on earth. With the growth of science and new emerging technologies, life is becoming more complicated, therefore relying purely on logic is insufficient. “Most of the time very little follows logically from what we know, and when we think that it does we learn that most of our knowledge consists of generalizations that don’t hold 100 percent of the time” (Castel and Sismondo 71). People live in a world of probability and because “scientific reasoning develops over time,” (Castel and Sismondo 74) they...
Words: 1673 - Pages: 7
...Visualizing Interrupts Using Self-Learning Information Jaqueline Bornay and Andrew F. Acher Abstract the other hand, this method is entirely satisfactory. Thus, we see no reason not to use pseudorandom archetypes to visualize the locationidentity split. This work presents two advances above related work. For starters, we better understand how symmetric encryption can be applied to the investigation of access points. Continuing with this rationale, we validate that the much-touted certifiable algorithm for the improvement of expert systems by Richard Hamming [9] is Turing complete. The roadmap of the paper is as follows. We motivate the need for Smalltalk. Similarly, we place our work in context with the previous work in this area. We place our work in context with the existing work in this area. Finally, we conclude. The implications of empathic configurations have been far-reaching and pervasive. In fact, few analysts would disagree with the study of Scheme. Our focus in this work is not on whether neural networks and IPv7 are often incompatible, but rather on exploring a novel heuristic for the deployment of thin clients (Caffila). 1 Introduction Futurists agree that mobile methodologies are an interesting new topic in the field of complexity theory, and security experts concur. The lack of influence on cyberinformatics of this discussion has been well-received. The notion that hackers worldwide interfere with IPv6 is largely considered confirmed...
Words: 2958 - Pages: 12
...specific license being used, is available at the bottom of the first page of the chapter. © 2011 by the respective author(s). For reprint rights and other permissions, contact the original author(s). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Writing spaces : readings on writing. Volume 1 / edited by Charles Lowe and Pavel Zemliansky. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60235-184-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-60235-185-1 (adobe ebook) 1. College readers. 2. English language--Rhetoric. I. Lowe, Charles, 1965- II. Zemliansky, Pavel. PE1417.W735 2010 808’.0427--dc22 2010019487 Introduction to Primary Research: Observations, Surveys, and Interviews Dana Lynn Driscoll Primary Research: Definitions and Overview How research is defined varies widely from field to field, and as you progress through your college career, your coursework will teach you much more about what it means to be a researcher within your field.* For example, engineers, who focus on applying scientific knowledge to develop designs, processes, and objects, conduct research using simulations, mathematical models, and a variety of tests to see how well their designs work....
Words: 7241 - Pages: 29
...Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow up what you have written and locate the cited author’s work. The “Harvard style” is a generic author-date style for citing and referencing information used. There are many styles which follow the author-date convention, including the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Chicago Manual of Style. This guide is based on an Australian style manual (AGPS style) now revised by Snooks & Co, 2002. Note: Before you create your list of references, check with your lecturer or tutor for the bibliographic style preferred by the School. Keep in mind the following points: • • Write down all the citation details of a source as you use it. Place quotation marks “ “ around a direct quote and include page number(s) when quoting directly. Insert brief citations at the appropriate places in the text of your document. Compile a reference list at the end of the document that includes full details of all references cited. In-text citations: In an author-date style, in-text citations usually require the name of the author(s) and the year of publication. A page number is included if you have a direct quote, paraphrase a passage or you want to direct the reader to a specific page. Page numbers may also be included if you are referring to a long work and the page numbers might be useful to the reader. How to create a reference list/bibliography A reference list contains only the books, articles, and...
Words: 2553 - Pages: 11
...important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow up what you have written and locate the cited author’s work. The “Harvard style” is a generic author-date style for citing and referencing information used. There are many styles which follow the author-date convention, including the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Chicago Manual of Style. This guide is based on an Australian style manual (AGPS style) now revised by Snooks & Co, 2002. Note: Before you create your list of references, check with your lecturer or tutor for the bibliographic style preferred by the School. Keep in mind the following points: • • Write down all the citation details of a source as you use it. Place quotation marks “ “ around a direct quote and include page number(s) when quoting directly. Insert brief citations at the appropriate places in the text of your document. Compile a reference list at the end of the document that includes full details of all references cited. In-text citations: In an author-date style, in-text citations usually require the name of the author(s) and the year of publication. A page number is included if you have a direct quote, paraphrase a passage or you want to direct the reader to a specific page. Page numbers may also be included if you are referring to a long work and the page numbers might be useful to the reader. How to create a reference list/bibliography A reference list contains only the books...
Words: 2553 - Pages: 11
...Assignment Cover Sheet Unit Name : Charles Darwin UN ~ VEII!. I ' Y A' ~H ta'!a I Unit Code: CMA304 Computer Based Accounti ng Systems Lectu rers Name: School of Law and Business Charles Darwin University Casuarina NT 0909 Phone: (08) 8946 6830 Kevin J CLARK Asses sment T itl e DE Ll ve ~ f1L-E IttI Lodgement Date (dd/mm/yyyy) I Applied for Extension Semester : Assign ment Two - (Systems AnalysisTerm Project) Due Date (dd/mm/yyyy) Two I ;~~2 (dd/mm/yyyy) 2110912012 2110912012 N/A NO YES-to Lodgement Locations : (refer to specific lodgement requirements as set out by the lecturer) The assignment must be lodged onli ne via the Learnline Assignment Lodgement link on the Learnline site for this unit. Ensure your file is named using a file naming convention that allows the lecturer to identify to whom it belongs. Failure to use an acceptable file naming convention may result in your assignment lodgement being rejected. Refer to the endnotes of the aSSign ment detail s for lodgement options if the Learnline Assignment Lodgement link for this unit is unavailable. o 0 0 . . DO NOT LODGE BY FAX nor EMAIL nor at LECTURER'S OFFICE KEEP A COpy Ensure you have a copy of the assignment lodged. If you have submitted assessment work electronically please make sure you have a backup copy. DECLARATION BY STUDENTS I certify that this assignment is my own work, based on my own personal study and research, and that I have acknowledged...
Words: 8082 - Pages: 33
...PRO Designer Babies Designer babies are the concept that involves the isolation of human embryos from a willing human donor. The individuals involved in the process are allowed to choose the traits and the genes that they desire to be present in the embryo and the eventual baby. The idea is technically called the liberal eugenics. Genetic engineering was incorporated in certain species of plants to modify crop yields and improve resistance to certain crop diseases. The scientists inserted a given gene into plasmid bacteria to ensure that the plant cell assumed the new DNA. The technology has allowed many plant species to thrive in harsh conditions, including cold, hot, and effectively resist pests. There are different edible foods, which have been designed through the technology. The last century has recorded discoveries that have involved immense benefits on human lives. The findings involve the use of genes, which refer to the reason behind the different characteristics and features among different humans. However, the new technology involves knowledge, which facilitates an alteration of the human characteristics. Humans have benefited from the technology of designer babies by elimination of the harmful genes as experienced in 2001 in Los Angeles. Contrarily, religion nd the society continue to question the social and moral well-being of creating a child with the traits that the parents desire. The opponents of the technology argue that genetic technology is uncertain and...
Words: 2834 - Pages: 12
...DEMOCRATIC AND POPULAR REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH MENTOURI UNIVERSITY OF CONSTANTINE FACULTY OF LETTERS AND LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH The Conflict between the Ideal and the Social in Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure A Dissertation Submitted in a Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Master Degree in British and American Studies Supervised by: Pr. Brahim Harouni Mr. Hamoudi Boughenout By: Mr. Boussaad Ihaddadene June 2010 Acknowledgement I would like to thank God for His guidance and help. I would also like to thank my supervisors Pr. Harouni and Mr. Boughenout for their help and discussion of my topic. I would like to thank all the teachers of the department of English of Mentoury University. I Dedication To the memory of my mother To my father, to my brothers and my sisters and to all my friends and classmates. II Abstract The purpose of my study is to show the conflict between idealism and society in Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure. In this novel, Hardy portrays the strife of the two individuals Jude and Sue to make their own ways in society by seeking to realise their ideals. He also reveals the difficulties met by the two idealists in front of society’s attempts to thwart their ideals and to force them to surrender to its norms. This study allows the reader to have a deep understanding of the origin of the conflict, the climax of the confrontation between the two opposing sides and...
Words: 16996 - Pages: 68
