...influenced by factors such as families’ needs and values also by realities such as cost and convenience. As emphasized, the aim of the study was to find the positioning of customer advantage of preschools. A parents’ deciding factors in choosing a preschool, in a succinct breakdown, are with reference to the said five important attributes which are essential criteria differentiated according to importance placed upon school safety, teaching quality, distance of the preschool, schooling cost and adults to children ratio. The study uses the method of conjoint analysis to identify the attributes and to segment parents into clusters. An initial focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted to obtain insights and opinions where thirteen parents participated and help narrow down the crucial attributes into only five as mentioned above. After the initial FGD was done, next was the process of conjoint analysis where a cluster sample of 400 parents where obtained and was formed into two main groups. The groups where the 200 respondents coming from the Talomo district which was within the city proper and the other 200 from Calinan district which was categorized outside the city proper. As a result, it was found that there are significant differences in the segments of parents based on their preferences regarding the five attributes. And within the two groups, it was also found that there were two distinctive market segments within each of the group that was mentioned in...
Words: 736 - Pages: 3
...Leibnitz (1646-1716) was a German philosopher and mathematician that developed the idea called monadology. Leibnitz’s idea was the psychics are elements of reality and not made up of physical matter, which are mental in nature. Leibnitz believed that mental events which are composed if monads had a different degree of consciousness and were called petites perceptions (Schultz, 2011). Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841) also a German philosopher had refined Leibnitz’s theory of the unconscious to the concept of the threshold of consciousness. Arguing that ideas in the mind rise to the conscious level of awareness. So in order for these ideas to rise to a conscious level of awareness it must be already relevant in the minds consciousness (Schultz, 2011). At the same time incongruous ideas cannot exist in the minds conscious. Herbart believed conflicts arise among ideas, as they become conscious realizations. Gustav Fechner (1801-1887) was a philosopher, physicist and experimental psychologist. Although he used the threshold theory Fechner proposed the analogy of the iceberg in which much of the mind lies below the surface that influence the...
Words: 1769 - Pages: 8
...The Psychodynamic approach was originally developed by Sigmund Freud who was one of the most influential people of the twentieth century and his enduring legacy has influenced not one Psychology, but art, literature and even the way people bring up their children. The Psychodynamic approach is concerned with the influence of the unconscious mind – that is the mental process of which we are not consciously aware – on the feelings, thinking and behavior of the individual. It is one of the older approaches to Psychology having been developed as far back as the 1890s. Sigmund Freud developed a collection of ideas mainly on how the unconscious mind works. It holds that our early experiences of relationships with significant people such as our parents during the first five years of child development remain in the unconscious. Thus affecting the way we perceive situations in later life. Freud believed that the unconscious determines our behaviors and that we are motivated by unconscious emotional drives which are shaped by unresolved conflicts from our childhood experiences. For example, a child exposed to abuse during 1- 5 years of development will have an unstable personality compared to a child who wasn't exposed to abuse. Freud (1923) later developed a more structural model of the mind, the psychic apparatus, comprising the entities id, ego and superego which are rather hypothetical conceptualizations of important mental functions. In saying this, according to Freud, the mind can be...
Words: 3294 - Pages: 14
...Running head: Psychoanalytic Therapy Psychoanalytic Therapy Helping Relationships Abstract This paper is an illustration of the psychoanalytic therapy and how therapists utilize in during counseling sessions. It will discuss the ego that balances the id and superego, the right from wrong, in people’s personality. This explanation is divided into four concepts the philosophical, development, structural, and process elements. Philosophical Element Psychoanalytic therapy was developed by Sigmund Freud and he believed humans have a basic desire to avoid pain and increase pleasure in their lives (Bryan, 2007, p. 283). According to Gerald Corey, Freud also believed that human behavior is driven by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological and instinctual drives (2005, p. 56). This theory insists that people strive to reach the most pleasure in life and try to avoid situations/behaviors that remind of them of pain. People will use defense mechanisms as a counterattack causing a person to suppress a traumatic event in their lives; however this could cause problems in their future if something happens that makes the experience to resurface. The two instincts that are pivotal to this theory are life and death. Life (sexual) instincts are the survival tactics people use to gain growth, development, and creativity (Corey, 2005, p. 56). On the other hand, the death instinct is a...
Words: 1086 - Pages: 5
...Foundations and Components of Psychoanalysis Cohran, Robin Dec, 1, 14 PSY/301 Foundations and Components of Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis remains the single most influential theory for the practice of psychotherapy. Freud (1964) began the movement and his theory can be broken down into five parts. The first part of Freud’s theory is Dynamics. This level deals with instinctual forces (Rapaport and Gill, 1959). Freud traces all instincts, in a certain sense, therefore all actions, back to two instincts; they are Eros (“sexual instinct” or “libido”) and the “destructive” (aggressive) instinct”. They work together and against each other and have a hand in everything we do. The primary example of this is, sex itself, where of course libido is present, and varying degrees of aggressiveness (or lack of) can lead someone to either be bashful and impotent or a sex murderer and anything in between. Economic Freud’s theory of the instincts is further realized in the “economic” level of his theory. This attempt, in some fashion, to abstractly quantify the power of instincts through the concept of “psychic energy”. This is described through a system in which this energy is invested towards instinctual goals through catharsis, toward maximizing the pleasure for the individual. This, however, is balanced by the concept of anti-catharsises, in which the energy is invested as a force against the instinct, via defense in the ego. Developmental Oral phase begins at birth. Sadistic-Anal...
Words: 1767 - Pages: 8
...measurements. A scientific method generally follows the ff. steps: 1.) Identification of the Problem 2.) Formulation of Hypothesis 3.) Gathering of Data 4.) Interpretation and Analysis of Data 5: Generalization of Conclusion Behavior includes everything that we do – thinking, feeling, writing, reading, imagining, etc. Kinds of Behavior a. Overt -> behavior that is observable by others and can be seen readily (ex. Laughing, shouting, talking, etc.) b. Covert -> behavior that is internal therefore not observable and cannot be seen. This comes in the forms of feelings, thoughts, and motives (ex. Happy, angry, imaginations, etc.) Sigmund Freud, a Psychoanalyst classified behavior according to a person’s awareness of his behavior, to wit: a. Conscious Behavior -> any behavior that the person is aware of (ex. walking, eating, etc.) b. Unconscious Behavior -> any behavior that the person is not aware of (ex. mannerisms, shaking of the legs while sitting, biting your fingers, playing, with your pen while listening to your teacher’s discussion, etc.) According to Freud, our unconscious is bigger than the conscious. Dreams and “slip of the tongue” phenomenon are some ways of releasing the unconscious. October 31, 2008 Posted by menardparas2000 | Psychology As A Behavioral Science | 1990, Behavior, Conscious...
Words: 791 - Pages: 4
...Micro-environments Micro-environmental analysis model used to analyze the internal business environment as. Company The company under analysis Atlantic Quench is manufacturing and distributing the fruit juices since 80 years in the US and now in the UK also. Atlantic Quench is famous for its Cranberry juices and dried Cranberry i.e. Crantanas. The company made the strategic alliances for its manufacturing and distributing of fruit juices with Gerber and Coca-Cola in 2013 and 2007 respectively (Ofori, 2013). The company has to buy raw materials at high price and unpredictable harvesting of Cranberry affects the share value of it. The company is famous for its canned and bottled juices and has introduced diet, white Cranberry and other flavored juices. Competitors The company Atlantic Quench has its competitor in its every field of work from manufacturing to selling of the product i.e. Fruit juices. In the UK, the consumers are health and diet conscious, so the company has larger market for its product range. The company faces cut throat competition in the UK with Tropicana, Rubycon and The ChagWorth Valley. According to the recent report about the Fruit juice and products, Tropicana is the leading brand with around 15% market shares in the UK (Elepu, Nabisubi, and Sserunkuuma, 2016). Customers Atlantic Quench has consumers in all the segments of the market, whether children, youth or adults. The people of the UK are health conscious so the company has wide market coverage...
Words: 846 - Pages: 4
...the greatest creative minds of recent times. Throughout his entire childhood Freud had been planning a career in law. Not long before he entered the University of Vienna in 1873 Freud decided to become a medical student. Sigmund Freud developed many theories in an effort to answer the mystery of a person’s conscious and subconscious. The evidence for these theories came through years of analysis of patients and himself. In fact many of his ideas and beliefs came from his own psychoanalysis. Certain patients of Freud would display signs and symptoms of hysteria and instead of accepting a doctor’s diagnostic he would investigate their mind in order to find a resolution. After analyzing numerous patients he came to the belief that certain events are never forgotten. A memory that would possible cause this problem would not fade away but rather just burrow itself into the persons conscious. The only way these events could ever be reached would be when the conscious would release its barrier and this could be done under hypnosis. Once the event and it feelings were relived the symptoms were gone. Freud came to the conclusion that the symptoms were a way of the conscious discharging the “affect” of the memory. In time Freud came to realize that a more productive method of recalling the memories was through “free association” or just talking about whatever is in your head. When this was performed on patients and the feedback was studied Freud was amazed that an abundance of it...
Words: 530 - Pages: 3
...the mind itself develops with the passing of time and events. Other modern psychologists have elaborated on Freud, including the psychologists Erik Erikson and Karen Horney. Their thoughts on the personality development of people relate directly to Kate Chopin’s book, The Awakening. In this book, the theories discussed by Freud and his successors are shown explicitly and implicitly. 	Obviously, Sigmund Freud’s work in the field of personality development was by far the most prolific and controversial. The father of modern psychology, Freud broke all barriers to expose what he thought to be the real reasons for human behavior. His theories of personality development can best start with the discussion of the conscious and the unconscious mind. The conscious mind—along with the lesser preconscious mind—is that part of the mind that one has control, or knowledge of. Ironically, this is the least part of the mind that one has control over. The so called "subconscious" mind is the part of the mind that lurks beneath the surface, filled with instincts, emotions, and unfulfilled desires (Shaffer 26). The total human mind is divided into the famous three parts of the Id, the ego, and the superego. The Id can be correlated directly to the subconscious, since it contains one’s innermost thoughts,...
Words: 2075 - Pages: 9
...PROJECT FOR THE SUBJECT, MARKETING APPLICATION AND PRACTICES PROJECT ON, “Amul Milk” FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2014-15 [pic] | | | |LOGO | [pic] | |PARENT COMPANY | Amul | |SECTOR | FMCG | |SWOT Analysis | |Strength |1. Largest food brand in india | | |2. High quality, low price | | |3. World’s largest pouched milk brand | | |4. Highly diverse product mix | | ...
Words: 786 - Pages: 4
...project a different image in order to satisfy the current market trends. Our distribution strategy must be assessed and optimized to suit our position in the market. The level of urgency at the moment is not severe as our major competitors are still experiencing losses, however, it is expected that they are going to become more aggressive in their advertising and thus we need to formulate an effective strategy that will counteract their efforts. It took the Brita line four years before it began witnessing success. Next year will be the fourth year since our major competitors launch their pitcher systems and so we need to implement an effective plan within a year. External Analysis Market Environment The market environment is characterized by fast growth. As consumers are become more health-conscious,...
Words: 3898 - Pages: 16
...kids are teenagers and people between the age of 15 - 35. Most of the chocolate brands in India produce chocolates in different sizes that are priced according to their sizes. Chocolates like Diary Milk and Five Star can be got for just Rs 10. Chocolates in India are slowly and steadily substituting the mithai or traditional Indian sweets. Due to the increasing levels of social consciousness people prefer gifting well wrapped chocolate packets rather than sweets on occasions and festivals. Taking advantage of this situation GATHERING AND ANALYSING MARKET INFORMATION PRODUCTS Amul chocolates Parent Company Amul Category Chocolates Sector Food Products Tagline/ Slogan Taste of India USP Quality and affordability STP Segment Quality conscious children and adults Target Group Kids and youth Positioning Taste of India by giving them quality products SWOT Analysis Strength 1. Good product range which includes chocolates, toffees, syrups etc 2. Good quality and packaging 3. Excellent distribution network of Amul ensure availability 4. Branding and advertising through TVCs and print ads is popular 5. Pricing is good as it attracts large segment Weakness 1. Limited international presence as compared to leading global brands 2. Penetration in rural areas is still limited Opportunity 1. Tie-ups with hotel chains, restaurants 2.Special occasion packages 3. Global expansion and more rural penetration Threats 1. Local sweet dishes 2. Entry of other local...
Words: 1630 - Pages: 7
...anesthesia – Hypnosis treatment for “grande hysteria” involving reports of patients traumatic experience of catharsis, disappearance of symptoms • Freud concluded mental disorders were psychogenic Core Assumptions of Psychoanalytic Theory 1. Psychic Determinism All thoughts and behaviors have a cause (no randomness) 2. Symbolic Meaning All thoughts and behaviors have meaning Ex. Male accidentally breaking chalk while writing 3. Unconscious Motivation We cannot fully understand why we do what we do Reasons for actions are beneath our conscious awareness in unconscious Components of Psyche 1. Id (sexual drive, immediate gratification) Unconscious Basic instincts Acts according to pleasure principle 2. Ego (conscious part, socially appropriate) Slave system managing the id Interacts with environment Acts according to reality principle 3. Superego (what is right/wrong, taught through socialization society and parents)...
Words: 1296 - Pages: 6
...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Joe Johnson PSY/250 February 2, 2015 Anne Snyder Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment As psychoanalytical schools of thought have developed over the years, a number of different approaches have emerged that have shaped and formed the administration of psychotherapy. While each differs in their approach to the end result, they share a common goal to help nurture the wellbeing of an individual, both consciously and unconsciously. Where some build an experimental relationship, others will use dialogue and speech to establish a rapport, or focus specifically on improving overall mental health of the patient. (Bouchard et al., 2001) While effectiveness normally requires the treatment to be fitted to the specific psychological problem for the patient, some debate remains on which is the best possible course of action for each. There are three primary psychoanalytical theories commonly applied to psychotherapy, which are respectively attributed to Freud, Jung, and Adler. (McCrae, 2011) This paper attempts to compare and contract the three different theories and provide the stages of Freud’s theory along with three uses of Freudian defense mechanisms. Psychoanalytic Theory, Three Schools of Thought Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is based on the collected works and studies of Sigmund Freud, for whom the theories are named. Most of the base theories developed by Dr. Freud were expanded and split into different schools...
Words: 1431 - Pages: 6
...Chapter 5 Consciousness Q? What are the greatest mysteries of consciousness? A: Phenomenology: how things seem to conscious person, in their understanding of mind and behavior Problem of others mind -Fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others. -No real way to tell if a person who is conscious from someone who might do and say all the same things as a conscious person who is not conscious -Factor Analysis 1. Capacity for experience: Ability to feel pain, pleasure, hunger, consciousness, anger, or fear. 2. Capacity for agency: Ability for self-control, planning, memory, or thought. (As shown in Figure 5.1, respondents rated some targets as having little experience or agency (the dead person), others as having experiences but little agency (the baby), and yet others as having both experience and agency (adult humans).Still others were perceived to have agency without experiences (the robot,God). The perception of minds, then, involves more than just whether something has a mind. People appreciate that minds both have experiences and act as agents that perform actions) Mind/ Body problem -Another mystery of consciousness is the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body. -“The mind is what the brain does” -The brain’s activities precede the activities of the conscious mind. The electrical activity in the brains of volunteers was measured using sensors placed on their scalps as they repeatedly decided when to move a hand. The...
Words: 1122 - Pages: 5
