...TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Turkey-EU process and its relationship to the environmental problems 1.2. EU Policy on Environmental Marine Problems 1.3. Turkey’s Policy on Environmental Marine Problems 2. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS 2.1. International Regulations 2.1.1. International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation 1990Regulatıon for the conrol of Noxious substances(OPRC 1990) 2.1.2. Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Co-operation to Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances, (HNS Protocol-2000) 2.1.3. International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties 1969 (INTERVENTION 69) 2.1.4. Other Regulations for...
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...Learning Outcomes Analyze business environments in terms of transformation systems and internal and external environments Identify the most relevant elements of the business environments using PESTLE analysis and Porter’s five forces model Discuss the classical, human relations and systems approaches to organizations Describe and compare the various structures that may be used within organizations. The business as a transformation system Transformation Process: Businesses utilize the inputs in order to produce the outputs. Types of Environments A simple/static environment is the easiest to analyse. A detailed, systematic, historical analysis is probably sufficient in order to understand it. University of Sunderland Contemporary Developments In Business Management Unit 1: Introduction To The Business Environment In a dynamic environment, all aspects of the environment are subject to change. When changes are rapid or sudden, such environments are referred to as turbulent. Complex environments are becoming more and more common in modern times. Technology, markets, politics, etc. are becoming more difficult and more involved The Organization’s Environment PESTEL Factors PESTEL Analysis Political Economic Socio - Cultural Technological Environmental Legal Political Environment Government policy affects the whole economy and governments are responsible for enforcing and creating a stable framework...
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...Organizational Behaviors of Sustainable Tourism A Partial fulfillment for Bilingual MBA Programme 2013 Subject: Organizational Behavior (Code: BP6903) Lecturer: Dr. Yu Wang Presented by: Yinsi Tu (ID: 5539073 ) Shilong Chen (ID: 5569005) Xingjun Liu (ID: 5561065) Jialing Xing (ID: 55569009) Yunmei Wang (ID: 5569006) Content 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Organizational Culture of Sustainable Tourism 3.0 Government's Policies in Sustainable Tourism Management 4.0 Characteristics and Diversities in Sustainable Tourism 5.0 Tourist Behaviors in Sustainable Tourism 6.0 The Relationship between Sustainable Tourism and Environment Protection 7.0 Conclusion 8.0 Bibliography 1.0 Introduction Today, as the world economy,science and technology and cultural developing aggressively , the increase of personal income and free time, Labor and Leisure has become two important aspects of an integral human social life. Today, leisure sports and tourism is the world's most widely used recreational activities. Leisure sports, people enjoy the beauty and movement created by a pleasant activity in order to express themselves to the outside world. Homer and Swatchbrooke (1996) defined tourism as tourism refers to people temporarily leave permanent residence elsewhere in recreational activities. Tourism is part of the tertiary industry. Tourism enterprise is the...
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...world will tremble”), Napoleon Bonaparte. This expression is indeed, justified by the spectacular economic growth of China the past 3O years and by the fact that today, China is considered as one of the most important economic power in the world. Our country has known many changes: from the gai ge kai fang, under the leadership of Deng Xiao Ping where China experienced effective agricultural reforms, to our days when China, with 1/5 of world population, opened its doors to foreign investment, privatization, and export, leading to unprecedented growth. However, this growth is confronted with many challenges, external or internal. Among them, environmental issues are the most evident and urgent. In fact, this explosive growth has left scars across China's landscape and environment. Which lead us to our problematic: How the environmental issues can affects the economic development of China? And what are the solutions? Current situation * Overview of the Chinese economic development Since the opening policy in 1978, China has been the most rapidly growing economy in the world. And even if there is a certain tightening of the economy policy of the government and in spite of the rise of the price of raw material, this growth doesn’t have until now given any major sign of breathlessness (6% for the trimester of 2008). In July 2007, China is the fourth world economic power behind the United States, Japan and Germany, with a nominal GDP of more than 2.6 billion dollars in...
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...Purpose The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of marine protection areas within Australian waters and to analyse its policy from an environmental and economic viewpoint, in order to forward policy recommendations for future consideration. A Background to Environmental Policy The underlying assumption behind environmental policy is that by designing social intervention we can bring about environmental improvement. However, designing a policy that actually produces the changes you seek is extremely difficult. Chiefly, planning and policy attempt to exercise control, to develop a desired future (Thomas 2007, p.7). But control is difficult enough to achieve over people, let alone trying to control the physical environment (Thomas 2007, p.7). Another fundamental issue for policy-makers is the direction of the policy. In particular they have to consider whether they are attempting to prevent environmental impacts that result from human action, or whether they are attempting to adapt to such changes, consciously or unconsciously (Thomas 2007, p.8). Natural Resources Natural resources have been critical for human welfare since people first started to walk the earth several million years ago (Field 2005 p.27). Natural resource economics is the study of how the flow of goods and services derived from natural resources is, and should be, managed in today’s world (Field 2005 p.37). Field continues to state that resource management problems derive from the underlying...
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...GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGIME DESCRIPTION The following paper is going to investigate, analyze and evaluate the Global Environmental Regime, topic that is included within the discipline of Global Governance. Najam, Papa and Taiyab (2006, p. 3) define the global environmental regime as “the sum of organizations, policy instruments, financing mechanism, rules, procedures and norms that regulate the processes of global environmental protection”. Nowadays, it has increased the importance of this sector in global governance, in which different actors are involved. Biermann (2004) states that global environmental regime is characterised as a multi-actor governance system where the non-state organisations have a large influence. Biermann (2004) highlights some actors such as nongovernmental lobbying as activist groups, business associations and policy research institutes; networks of scientist; the influence of mayor companies; intergovernmental organizations; and supra-national institutions (OCDE). EVALUATION Global environmental regime is an immature regime. In this section it is going to be analysed the main global governance gaps and what is their weaknesses. According to Fauchald (2010) the weaknesses of the regime are: 1. Environmental indicators still deteriorating despite the efforts of different actors. 2. Lack of coordination among the Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs). It is a problem the lack of common tools and the developing of a common strategy...
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...is responsible for policy implementation? How is policy determined, implemented, and enforced by these institutions? Three factors that play a role: – Legitimacy (the policy has authorised power) • Perceptions of how legitimate a public policy is will be influenced by the procedural steps taken by decision makers during the policy cycle. • Consultation, participation and stakeholder engagement shape the legitimacy of public policies and the governments who promote them. – Universality (the policy is uniformly applicable) • Tries to address basic rights applicable to all (as opposed to selectivity and particularism). • Think here of the importance of universal utilities (roads, water pipes) and public services (physical protection of human beings, their health status and the environment)....
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...PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS As people become more vigilant about the state of the environment and insistent that offenders of environmental laws be held accountable, the Philippine environmental laws and government regulations are in place with the intent of protecting the environment and aid people from all walks of life in their pursuit to a balance and healthful ecology. Indeed, the environment has become such an important issue. It is imperative that people should be fully informed on what the relevant environmental laws are so that they may be fully aware what are allowed and what are prohibited in relation to the actions they take towards the environment. Environmental Management Bureau IX Zamboanga Peninsula PHILIPPINE ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS Presidential Decree (PD) 1586: Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System This law requires private corporations, firms or entities including agencies and instrumentalities of the government to prepare an environmental impact statement (EIS) for every proposed project and undertaking which significantly affect the quality of the environment. The EIS is a document that provides acomprehensive study of the significant impacts of a project on the environment. It is prepared and submitted by the project proponent and/or EIA Consultant as an application for an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC). In general, only projects that pose potential significant impact to the environment shall be required...
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...* Consolidation of requirements – clout * Coordination of policies and procedures * Effective planning and research * Common suppliers * Proximity to major organizational decision makers * Critical mass * Firm brand recognition and stature * Reporting line – power * Strategic focus * Cost of purchasing low Disadvantages would be: * Narrow specification and job boredom * Lack of job flexibility * Corporate staff appears excessive * Tendency to minimize legitimate differences in requirements * Lack of recognition of unique needs * Focus on corporate requirements, not on business unit strategic requirements * Distance from users * Tendency to create organizational silos * Customer segments require adaptability to unique situations * Top management not able to spend time on suppliers * Lack of business unit focus * High visibility of purchasing costs Potential advantages and disadvantages of decentralization Advantages would be: * Easier coordination communication with operating department * Speed of response * Effective use of local reserves Disadvantages would be: * Easier to hide costs * Democracy in the workplace * Hard to develop brand loyalty and keep control over all departments * Hierarchy would be in place 1. Define responsibilities 2. Policies and procedures 3. Common processes 4. Coordination The above four are the requirements of running...
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...Current Trends in Forest and Environmental Policies in Sri Lanka The article attempts to discuss the trends of forest policy in terms of the historical perspective, implementation strategies, and institutional development. In the introduction, the authors begin by stating about the current state rapid degradation of the environment in Sri Lanka. Since importance was given to high economic growth rates and employment creation for poverty alleviation, there wasn’t enough attention given to manage the forests. Then the authors follows by the consequences of these natures degradation and the importance of environmental management. They then discuss about conditions required to achieve sustainable development in environment management, Governments...
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...Version 7.0 August 10, 2011 INTRODUCTION This is a compilation of data lifecycle models and concepts assembled in part to fulfill Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Working Group on Information Systems and Services (WGISS) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Community for Data Integration Data Management Best Practices needs. It is intended to be a living document, which will evolve as new information is discovered. CONTENTS 1. Digital Curation Centre (DCC) Lifecycle Model 2. Ellyn Montgomery, USGS, Data Lifecycle Diagram 3. FGDC Stages of the Geospatial Data Lifecycle pursuant to OMB Circular A–16 4. University of Oxford Research Data Management Chart 5. NOAA Environmental Data Life Cycle Functions 6. Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Framework 7. USGS Scientific Information Management Workshop Vocabulary 8. Peter Fox Lifecycle Diagrams 9. National Science Foundation 10. NDIIPP Preserving Our Digital Heritage 11. What Researchers Want 12. EPA Project Life Cycle 13. IWGDD’s Digital Data Life Cycle Model 14. Scientific Data Management Plan Guidance 15. Linear Data Life Cycle 16. Generic Science Data Lifecycle 17. Cassandra Ladino Hybrid Data Lifecycle Model 18. Ray Obuch Data Management – A Lifecycle Approach 19. USGS Data Management Plan Framework (DMPf) – Smith, Tessler, and McHale 20. BLM Data Management Handbook 21. ARL Joint Task Force on Library Support...
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...Act……………………………………………………………………………………..3 Water Act…………………………………………………………………………………….4 Forest Act…………………………………………………………………………………….5 International Convention of Environment……………………………………………………6 References…………………………………………………………………………………….9 INTRODUCTION Environmental Laws are the standards that governments establish to manage natural resources and environmental quality. The broad categories of ‘natural resources” and “environment quality” include such areas as air and water pollution, forest and wildlife, hazardous waste, agricultural practices, wetlands, and land use planning. The promulgation of the Kenya Constitution, 2010 marked an important chapter in Kenya environmental policy development. Hailed as a green Constitution, it embodies elaborate provisions with considerable implications for sustainable development. These range from environmental principles and implications of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) to the right to clean and healthy environment enshrined in the Bill of Rights. This paper will highlight on the Water Act, Land Act, Forest Act and International Convention of environment (Mohammed,2012). LAND ACT Land resources are finite, fragile and non-renewable. Land is considered a capital and asset that provides the essential services for development and human well being. Consequently...
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...recognized principles of equality and self-determination of the peoples, honoring the memory of our ancestors, who have passed on to us love of and respect for our homeland and faith in good and justice, reviving the sovereign statehood of Russia and asserting its immutable democratic foundations, striving to secure the well-being and prosperity of Russia and proceeding from a sense of responsibility for our homeland before the present and future generations, and being aware of ourselves as part of the world community, hereby approve the Constitution of the Russian Federation. First Part Chapter 1 Fundamentals of the Constitutional System Article 1 [Russian Federation] The Russian Federation -- Russia is a democratic federal rule-of-law state with the republican form of government. The names "Russian Federation" and "Russia" are equivalent. Article 2 [Protection of Human Rights] Humans, their rights and freedoms are the supreme value. It is a duty of the state to recognize, respect and protect the rights and liberties of humans and citizens. Article 3 [The Multinational People] (1) The multinational people of the Russian Federation is the vehicle of sovereignty and the only source of power in the Russian Federation. (2) The people of the Russian Federation exercise their power directly, and also through organs of state power and local self-government. (3) The referendum and free elections are the supreme direct manifestation of the power of the people. (4) No one may arrogate to oneself...
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...PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA Number: 25 of 2007 CONCERNING INVESTMENT Logo BKPM THE INVESTMENT COORDINATING BOARD (BADAN KOORDINASI PENANAMAN MODAL) Jl. Gatot Subroto No 44, Jakarta 12190, Indonesia Tel.: (62-21) 5252008, 5254981, 5253866 Fax: (62-21) 5254945, 5253866 Website: http://www.bkpm.go.id E-mail: sysadm@bkpm.go.id PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA Number: 25 of 2007 CONCERNING INVESTMENT IN THE NAME OF ALMIGHTY GOD PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA, Considering : a. that, to realise prosperous an community impartial, based on Pancasila (National Ideology) and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, it is necessary to develop sustainable national economy based on economic democracy in order to achieve the objective of having a state; b. that, pursuant to mandate written in the Decision of the People Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia Number: XVI/MPR/1998 concerning Political Economic in the framework of Economic Democracy, investment policy should properly be -2- based on people economy by involving the development of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, and cooperatives; c. that, to accelerate national economic development, as Indonesian well as political sovereignty, it to and is ...
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...ENTRY STRATEGY INTO VIETNAMESE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET A CASE STUDY OF ALTECH ENVIRONMENT PTE LTD by Dang Tran Bao Hanh A research study submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Business Administration Examination Committee Dr. Do Ba Khang (Chairman) Dr. Fredric W. Swierczek Dr. Lalit M Johri Nationality Vietnamese Previous degree Graduate Diploma in Business Administration SAV Program Scholarship Donor Government of Switzerland/ Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SAV program) Asian Institute of Technology School of Management Bangkok, Thailand April, 2000 Acknowledgment It is a rare pleasure for me to express my profound gratitude and thanks to Dr. Do Ba Khang, advisor to this research, for his valuable guidance, explicit direction, and encouragement throughout this research. I also want to give my sincere thanks to Dr. Fred and Dr. Johri for serving as members of the examination committee together with their constructive and useful advice. My acknowledgements are due to Swiss - AIT - Vietnam Management Development Program and Swiss Government who gave me a great chance to participate in MBA study by providing financial support. My special thanks also go to the management of Altech Pte Ltd Company, especially Mr. Goh Boh Chung, for providing me helpful information and giving...
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