...Account for the resurgence of Muslim power between 1144 and 1187 The latter half of the 12th century can be distinctly marked and understood as the gradual and dynamic process of the unification of the Islamic Middle East. By 1187 this resurrection of Muslim authority was albeit confirmed, manifesting itself in its fundamental intent; the reclamation of the Holy City of Jerusalem. And yet while a Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem remained in the Levant till 1291 with the fall of Acre, it was crippled, never to reclaim its former holdings nor its dominion or aspirations in recreating a Christian Holy Land. As William of Tyre aptly noted of the situation in the 1180s “the strategic balance in the Near East had tilted decisively against the Franks“. Throughout the 12th century, this process of resurgence was the conjunction of several contributory factors throughout the period, both that of growing Muslim unity and strength, attached with underlying instabilities and structural ailments of the Crusader States. The impact and the role of the succession of the prodigious leadership, notably that of Zengi and his successors Nir Al-Din and Saladin, in facilitating the rise of Muslim ascendency in Syria and Palestine can be distinctly identified as a powerful driving force in this process. Ultimately therefore from 1144 to 1187 what this period highlights is the complex backdrop from which the narrative of Muslim resurgence is built upon. As noted, the succession of exceptional and charismatic...
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...Shawna Keehn HUM/130 Rough draft of final Religion has been important to many people throughout many years. I chose to do my paper on Judaism and upon doing so I learned that it is One of the oldest religions. The religion was founded within Israel and I Will compare it with the Hinduism religion. Judaism started off between 1900-1700 BCE with a man called Abraham who made a covenant with God, this then made him what’s called a patriarch. Judaism being a Monotheistic religion has the meaning of worship only one God. God Wanted the Jews to be obedient. Doing some research at Axia College, it States God is thought as a loving father, who is nonetheless infinity Majestic. (Axia, 2005) The Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible) or the Old Testament tells all of the Jewish history with the stories of how the World was created, the other patriarch, and Moses and the Matriarchs. The Ten Commandments are also found in the Tanakh and are all Explained. It explains the Ten Commandments as God’s moral and Ethical laws. Moses was told these laws by God, to speak to his people about Living their lives by these laws and they would go up to Heaven. A Prophet is a person who hears God’s warnings with those who do not Obey the commandments. There are some other Jewish scriptures like The Torah, Nevim, Ketuvim, Talmud, and the Gemara. With a Rabbi, They dedicate their life with teaching the word of God in their Scriptures. My paper will include the Jewish...
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...continuously built upon progressively. The early foundation of governance in Egypt was accomplished by the Pharaohs at some point circa 3100 B.C.E. Around 1100 B.C.E., late in the Pharaoh’s rule, civil wars and dynastic clashes disturbed Egypt. These combative confrontations led to the swarming population influx by the Kingdom of Kush, Assyrians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and desert Arabs for the next two millennia. All of these settlers and conquerors gave distinctive cultural variances that merged with the culture and population. The Greeks and Romans changed the very course of the nation by reorienting the focus of the economy from the Nile to the Mediterranean Sea. Egypt has always been a country of both great wealth and poverty. In the early centuries of the nation most trading consisted of gold, textiles, and rare ores and gems up and down the Nile River. This brought wealth to the Pharaohs and the people of the time. Slave labor was commonplace, and so slave trade was also a form of capital and for the powerful country that Egypt was, there was never a lack of slaves. The crusades burned much of the country’s wealth to keep the borders of Egypt safe and to capture Jerusalem. The Bahri and Burji Mumluks replenished the wealth during their rule from the 13th century until the 15th century when the Ottoman Empire conquered them and seized power. After the French and British had their opportunities to control the country, the Ottomans once again retook power and ultimately...
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...The Theological Background of Christian Zionism: Part I - Reflection By Mikael Knighton on Sunday, May 8, 2011 at 11:39am The Theological Background of Christian Zionism Part I - Reflection By: Mikael Knighton Christians Standing with Israel, Founder The Theological Background of Christian Zionism is a three part series authored by Mikael Knighton, founder of Christians Standing with Israel. The series consists of three installments: Reflection, Reconciliation, and Reconsideration. The series has been published in both the US and in Israel, where it was translated to Hebrew and published in the NATIV, a Jewish magazine facilitated by the Ariel Center for Policy Research (ACPR). Synopsis Over the centuries, Christian support of the state of Israel has been looked upon with a suspicious and vigilant eye. In fact, history will clearly show that the essence of pure evil, operating under the guise of “Christianity”, has facilitated a complete and justifiable collapse in Judeo-Christian relations. Only recently has the relationship between the Jewish people and Christians become fruitful, and the "mending" process, albeit positive, continues to evolve. Even so, the question remains: “Why do Christians support the state of Israel?” Christian Zionism, a theological belief that identifies the restoration of the Jewish people to their biblical homeland as the literal fulfillment of biblical prophecies foretold thousands of years ago, may arguably exist as the most...
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...16 October 2012 Clash of the Civilization Introduction Samuel Huntington is political scientist. His essay entitled, “The Clash of Civilization” was published in the foreign affairs in 1993. The essay is about the civilizational conflict. Civilizations are the greatest factor that will divide the world of politics, because of what we believe, religion, language and traditions. This is the reason why countries look for allies in different nations with the same beliefs. Religion is the biggest factor that will cause division and it is already proven between Christianity and Islam. From the ancient times until this very day religion and our beliefs is the cause of war, because we fight for what we believe. Rise of civilization against the other started in the ancient times. And until today, the conflict continues. It will never be solved because we have differences and those differences are what make us unique as a person and as a nation. You may hate someone because of the type of civilization, and you may also like someone because of it. Civilization is the identity of a nation. The Next Pattern of Conflict The source of conflict is not merely ideological or economical, cultural tradition is the greatest reason for division in our world. The western countries had conflicts between princes, their armies, even constitutional is because of their economic stand and the land that they ruled. During the ancient times, the Americans fought for their land because of the British...
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...internal environment so it can make efficient appropriate responses for survival and/or reproduction. The two major parts of our nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is made of the brain and spinal cord. The cranial nerves, spinal nerves and ganglia make up the PNS. The cranial nerves connect to the brain. The cranial and spinal nerves contain the axons (fibres) of sensory and motor nerve cells. Nerve cells areas are also known as neurons. Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. They carry information or impulses as electrical signals from one place to another in the body. There are 3 types of neurons: Sensory Neurons- Sensory neurons carry electrical signals (impulses) from receptors or sense organs to the CNS. Sensory neurons are also called afferent neurons. The cell body of sensory neurons is outside the CNS in ganglia. Motor Neurons- Motor Neurons Carry Impulses From The CNS To Effector Organs Motor Neurons Are Also Called Efferent Neurons. The Cell Bodies Of Motor Neurons Are Inside The CNS. Interneurons- These are also called intermediate, relay, or associative neurons. They carry information between sensory and motor neurons. They are found in the CNS. TOP The Structure of Neurons A Neuron consists of THREE MAIN PARTS: A. CELL BODY - The largest part, contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm (area between the nucleus and the cell membrane), most of the metabolic...
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...Millions of names are still missing of parents and children; nothing can remove this darkness from one of the most tragic events to ever happen in history, the Holocaust. There is a classic German legend about a man named Faust. He was a highly successful scholar but was dissatisfied with his life. His legend has created stories of his success in art and music, but the legendary of this man doesn’t end there. According to the legend, Faust sold his soul to the devil in exchange for vast earthly rewards. Millions of innocent Jews were killed by this so called legend, driven by a force of madness and evil of his own ancestors. In his own sick twisted mind he saw an opportunity to solve the problem once and for all by killing off the Jews. It is said that the Holocaust was based upon vague, trivial, or even inaccurate representations. With so much controversy and doubt on the Holocaust did or did it not really happen, everyone has their own point-of-view. Ironically for the people of Germany this legend had an all too real comparison to true events on its history. According to stories from survivors the voices of the dead can still be heard crying out for help. There are many authors who wrote books with great detail on the Holocaust, giving their perspective point of view on this tragic event. During the Holocaust it is said that over six million Jews suffered countless amounts of obscenity throughout the history of time. In the book Histories of the Holocaust by Dan Stone...
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...Pistols, Jeff Kinard Rifles, David Westwood Submarines, Paul E. Fontenoy Tanks, Spencer C. Tucker MEDIEVAL WEAPONS AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF THEIR IMPACT Kelly DeVries Robert D. Smith Santa Barbara, California • Denver, Colorado • Oxford, England Copyright 2007 by ABC-CLIO, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DeVries, Kelly, 1956– Medieval weapons : an illustrated history of their impact / Kelly DeVries and Robert D. Smith. p. cm. — (Weapons and warfare series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 1-85109-526-8 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-85109-531-4 (ebook) ISBN-13: 978-1-85109-526-1 (hard copy : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-85109-531-5 (ebook) 1. Military weapons—Europe—History—To 1500. 2. Military art and science—Europe—History—Medieval, 500-1500. I. Smith, Robert D. (Robert Douglas), 1954– II. Title. U810.D48 2007 623.4094'0902—dc22 2006102102 11 10 09 08 07 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Production Editor: Vicki...
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...Department of Defense (DOD) and the FBI, terrorism is "the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives." The DOD definition adds that a goal of terrorism can be "inculcating fear" (thus the psychological dimension), while the State Department is more elaborate, specifying that terrorism may include the use of biological, chemical or nuclear devices as well as the act of "assassination." The latter would suggest that assassinating bin Laden would be a terrorist act by our definition of the word; the former that allied forces in the fire bombings of cities in Dresden, and specifically the U.S., through its use of nuclear weapons to end World War II and of chemical weapons in Vietnam, has already engaged in terrorist activities, although the moral calculus and justification for these actions varies widely and in comparison with the terrorism of the enemies, such as Nazi Germany. This is the grand conundrum of defining terrorism; it is very difficult to separate it from acts of war, just or unjust. We all have heard the saying, "One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter." And indeed, Osama bin...
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...Arab International University The Arabian Horses Grace to Other Breeds By: Khaled HAMADMAD Damascus, Syria 2011-2012 1 Do the Arabian Horses have preferences over the rest of the other breeds? Arabian Horses were an essential part of producing and breeding the most famous horses in the present day. 2 Outlines: 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Origin of the Arabian Horses 3.1. In Science of History 3.2. In myths and theories 3.3. Arabian Horses in Arabian Peninsula 4. Arabian Horses Characteristics 5. Arabian Horses lineage 6. Influence on other horse breeds 7. Arabian Horses spreading out 7.1. Spread to Europe 7.2. Spread to North America 8. Thoroughbred 9. The Arabian Horses today 10. Famous Arabian Horses 3 1. Abstract And God took a handful of South wind and from it formed a horse, saying: "I create thee, Oh Arabian. To thy forelock, I bind Victory in battle. On thy back, I set a rich spoil And a Treasure in thy loins. I establish thee as one of the Glories of the Earth... I give thee flight without wings." From Ancient Bedouin Legend The image of a great black Arabian stallion, floating along the beach, nose to the wind, tail flagging, caught the attention of audiences with the release of The Black Stallion. The star of this film, Cass Ole, a purebred black Arabian stallion, brought the charisma of the Arabian horse to people worldwide with his flowing mane and proud head. Arabians have existed for centuries to insure that generations...
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...The conspiracies of the European countries against the Islamic State Arousing the nationalist chauvinism and the separatist tendencies The missionary and the cultural invasion The attempt at introducing the Western constitutional rules Adopting the Western laws The impact of the cultural and legislative invasion The Allies attempt at enticing Jamal Pasha Mustafa Kemal works towards the withdrawal of the State from the war and the signing of a peace treaty The capitulation of the Ottoman State The British attempt to destroy the Khilafah through political and legal actions The British alter the political and legal style Britain backs the rebellion of Mustafa Kemal The first phase in Mustafa Kemals rebellion Mustafa Kemal adopts Ankara as his centre Mustafa Kemals return to the rebellion through a second phase The Ankara government gets settled and other states deal with it directly Mustafa Kemal prepares to settle the crisis with Greece through war Separating the Sultanate...
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...Book final final THE GOLDEN RULE as THE SUPREME PRINCIPLE implications for FAITH Faith within the Limits of Love and Reason SECTION ONE: Why Reason Must Have the Final Word To see why reason must have the final word in all things, I will illustrate the role of reason in three different cases. This I think should suffice to make the point. (1) Consulting Some Authority Suppose we are confronted with two or more conflicting alternatives concerning what to say, think or do and in hopes of resolving this confusing conflict, we seek out some wiser person, some authority, who can give us the correct answer. This raises the question: Who is the authority we can turn to: our Mom, our Dad, our grandparent, a priest or a clergyman, a Rabbi or Ayatollah, a bodhisattva, a therapist or counselor, the Pope, a lawyer, a real estate agent, an auto mechanic? Well, of course, our choice depends on the nature of our problem. So, reason needs to play a role here in helping us to determine what kind of authority to consult. Okay, let us suppose that our conflict is of a religious nature. We still need to ask which priest, which clergyman, which Rabbi, which Ayatollah or which bodhisattva etc. to choose. So here again, reason has a role to play. There is more. After we have settled who to consult, sometimes we will find that the advice is really bad advice. Sometimes we will find that the advice is really good advice. On still other occasions, we won't know what to make of the advice...
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... He entered the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich in September 1914, and was commissioned in the Royal Engineers in April 1915. He served throughout the first World War in France and Belgium, being wounded three times and awarded the Military Cross. In 1920 he volunteered for service in Iraq, as a regular officer, but in 1926 resigned his commission and accepted an administrative post under the Iraq Government. In 1930, however, he signed a contract to serve the Transjordan Government (now Jordan). From 1939 to 1956 he commanded the famous Jordan Arab Legion, which was in reality the Jordan Army. Since his retirement he has published seventeen books, chiefly on the Middle East, and has lectured widely in Britain, the United States and Europe. William Blackwood & Sons Ltd 32 Thistle Street Edinburgh EH1 1HA Scotland © J. B. G. Ltd, 1976, 1977 ISBN 0 85158 127 7 Printed at the Press of the Publisher Introduction As we pass through life, we learn by experience. We look back on our behaviour when we were young and think how foolish we were. In the same way our family, our community and our town endeavour to avoid the mistakes made by our predecessors. The experiences of the human race have been recorded, in more or less detail, for some four thousand years. If we attempt to study such a period of time in as many countries as possible, we seem to discover the same patterns constantly repeated under widely differing conditions of climate, culture and...
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...Political Carrer Winston Churchill | | | 11/22/2011 11/22/2011 The Life and Career of Sir Winston Churchill Churchill was involved in every important event of England’s from the Boer War to World War II. He served six British monarchs, from Queen Victoria to Elizabeth II. Through his life he was a statesman, soldier, author, journalist and twice prime minister, Churchill’s career has no parallel in modern history. The Early Years Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, England, on November 30, 1874. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a brilliant politician, even though he was one of the most hated. His mother was the American Jennie Jerome. One of his ancestors was John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, a great military hero. Winston Churchill himself showed no early signs of greatness. He was in fact a stubborn, unruly, manipulative, and often difficult red-haired boy and a poor student. He was also given to unpredictable behavior. Before he was even seven years old, it was already clear that he was headstrong, highly opinionated, and virtually impossible to control. He spent four years at Harrow School at the very bottom of his class. However during this time he showed that he had a remarkable memory similar to his father's. He particularly enjoyed English. From early childhood soldiers and warfare fascinated Churchill and he often played with a large collection of lead soldiers in his nursery. His later years at...
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...and Nation-States A. Logistics Students’ Time Requirements Activity 1: The Rise of Nationalism and the Fall of Yugoslavia Readings 60-90 minutes Fill in the blanks 75-90 minutes Activity 2: Iraqaphobia Readings 60-90 minutes Fill in the blanks 75-90 minutes The fill-in-the-blanks activity works very well as an in-class group project. It helps for students to be able to discuss the questions and readings with other students. If so, it is absolutely essential that students read the assigned articles in advance of the discussion. They will need to consult the readings to find pertinent passages, but if they are reading it for the first time during group work, they will either not finish or not contribute. I remind my students of this fact several times in the days leading up to the project. If students don’t finish during class, they can finish at home. If done in groups in class, you may wish to suggest that a different student act as recorder for each block of questions. Also, assign a different student to be the discussion leader/gatekeeper to keep the discussion on track and prevent any single individual from dominating the discussion. A third student could function as timekeeper. See Chapter 11 and 14 role-playing activities for further discussion of these tasks. Remind students that Balkan and Middle East politics are always changing and can get quickly out of date. We have done our best to bring things up...
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