...be bent back at 45 are 100% recessive (ss). Thumbs that cannot bend back significantly are dominant (either SS or Ss). SS, Ss ss Students’ Results: 78 56 Results: 1. Use Example 1 as a guide and the students’ data above to determine the allelic frequencies for the gene using the equations proposed by Hardy-Weinberg to support the equilibrium theorem. 2. Show that the allelic frequencies will not change over time. 3. Suggest conditions that could change these frequencies. What would the effects of the conditions be? Exercise 2: Evolution and Genetic Drift Results: Table 1: Student’s Results for an Ecological Study to Determine Genetic Drift Due to Selective Foraging Pressure by a Kestrel generation # of brown grasshoppers B? # of green grasshoppers bb q2 q p P2 2pq Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 For purposes of calculation: Let p = the frequency of the dominant allele, B. Let q = the frequency of the recessive allele, b. ? can denote either B or b. Why? Table 2: Class Results for an Ecological Study to Determine Genetic Drift Due to Selective Foraging Pressure by a Kestrel generation Avg # of brown grasshoppers Genotype B? N* = ________ (at least 3 sets) Avg # of green grasshoppers Genotype bb N* = ________ (at least 3 sets) q2 q p P2 2pq Y0 Y1 Y2...
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...CHAPTER 6 POPULATION GENETICS SELECTION 1. Which of the following options factually completes the statement, "If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium..."? a. There can be no more than two alleles. b. The two alleles will be present at equal frequency. c. Allele frequencies will not change from one generation to the next. d. The dominant allele will be more common. |Correct Answer: |C, Allele frequencies will not change from one generation to the next. | [pic] 2. If allele frequencies do not change from one generation to the next, is the population definitely in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Why or why not? No, it might not be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Any process that selectively targets heterozygotes can affect genotype frequencies without necessarily changing allele frequencies in the next generation. Examples are nonrandom mating, overdominance, and underdominance. [pic] 3. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle yields which of the following conclusions? a. If the allele frequencies in a population are given by p and q, the genotype frequencies are given by p2, 2 pq and q2. b. The allele frequencies in a population will not change over time. c. If the allele frequencies in a population are given by p and q, the genotype frequencies are given by p2 and q2. d. The first and third answers are correct. e. The first and second choices are correct. |Correct Answer:...
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...1. Portray Trisomy 21st, Turner’s, Klinefelters’s, Patau’s, Edward’s, Jacob’s, and XXX syndromes (Pp. 49, 57, class notes) Trysomy 21st aka Down Syndrome. Genetic condition in the 21st pair of chromosomes in which the female has an extra X chromosome for a total of 47. Turner's occurs in the 23rd pair of chromosomess in which the male is missing the Y chromosome. The male will now have 45 chromosomes instead of 46 and may not have fully developed sex organs . Klinefelter's occurs in the 23rd pair also affects the male. This condition the male has an extra X chromosome taking from 46 to 47. Also a Trysomy. Develops female characteristcs. Can not be diagnosed until puberty. I I I X X Y XYY and XXX also know as Super Male or Jacobs syndrome 2. Describe how humans adapt under cold stress (Pp. 124-25). Vaso-Constriction restricts blood flow retain heat. Shivering causes body temperature to increase. Wear more warm clothing or heat living space. The body attempts to increase and conserve body heat by rerouting circulation and shivering Vasoconstriction causes the blood to pool internally to conserve organ heat Shivering causes the temperature to increase due to muscular activity Individuals respond to cold stress by increasing muscular activity, wearing more clothes, or heating their living space 3. Explain what a population is, and describe the agents or factors those are responsible for generating and distribution variation (Pp. 25, 67-71, 78...
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...Session 1.3: The Evolution of Cellular Life Exam review view in a separate window In this session we focus on the natural history of cells and the evolutionary timelines of their appearance. The modern phylogenetic classification of domains is used to categorize the different types of cells: bacteria, archea, and eukarya. The names of periods and organisms and certain dates are often helpful in remembering or understanding events that occur in the natural history of evolution. However, we do not expect you to know the names of all organisms mentioned nor all dates (you may find some of the sound attachments on complicated figures useful for review). Those names and dates mentioned below are the ones to key on. The focus in this session is macroevolution which looks broadly at the time lines and changes over long intervals of time. Remember that small changes over millions of years are the framework for evolving complexity from simplicity. Summary of concepts and idea An initial step in covering this material is an understanding of the different types of cells (prokaryotic, eukaryotic animal and plant), their differences, and their place in the phylogeny of life. 1. Information from pre-class reading, Bioflix animations and briefly summarized in class discusses the fundamental components of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. You need to know the differences and understand the basic functions of the cellular components as cells as they are the fundamental...
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...RICHARD DAWKINS-The Selfish Gene. Ebook v1.0. 'Who should read this book? Everyone interested in the universe and their place in it.' Jeffrey R. Baylis, Animal Behaviour Our genes made us. We animals exist for their preservation and are nothing more than their throwaway survival machines. The world of the selfish gene is one of savage competition, ruthless exploitation, and deceit. But what of the acts of apparent altruism found in nature-the bees who commit suicide when they sting to protect the hive, or the birds who risk their lives to warn the flock of an approaching hawk? Do they contravene the fundamental law of gene selfishness? By no means: Dawkins shows that the selfish gene is also the subtle gene. And he holds out the hope that our species-alone on earth-has the power to rebel against the designs of the selfish gene. This book is a call to arms. It is both manual and manifesto, and it grips like a thriller. The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins's brilliant first book and still his most famous, is an international bestseller in thirteen languages. For this new edition there are two major new chapters. 'learned, witty, and very well written...exhilaratingly good.' Sir Peter Medawar, Spectator Richard Dawkins is a Lecturer in Zoology at Oxford University and a Fellow of Mew College, and the author of The Blind Watchmaker. Preface to 1976 edition This book should be read almost as though it were science fiction. It is designed to appeal to the imagination. But it is not science...
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