...Nowadays, the oil spills has become the most dangerous to the human and also wildlife. Oil spills is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment. It has causes many effect to the environment. The effect of oil spills are damaging wildlife biology, harmful to the human body and threaten commercial fisheries and aquaculture. First, the oil spills damage the wildlife biology. Oil can impair a bird ability to fly and preventing it from foraging or escaping from predators. Some birds exposed to petroleum also experience changes in their environmental balance. Some studies that was conducted by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) found that, less than one percent of oil-soaked birds survive even after cleaning although the survival rate can also exceed ninety percent. Thus, oil spills are very bad to the wildlife in the environment. Other than that, the oil spills also are very harmful to the human body. The composition of crude oil contains Volatile Organic Compound (VOCs), which are very harmful to human nervous system. As the oil directed skin contact, people may easily get the desease such as irritation and skin cancer. Therefore, peoples must prevent from doing the oil spills activities as it may harmful to the human body. Last but not least, the oils spills also will affect commercial fisheries and aquaculture. Oils spills causes serious damage to fishery through physical contamination, toxic affects on stock and discrupting business activities. As a result...
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...Arctic oil drilling is a hazardous, menacing, business that is creating a negative impact on this delicate environment. This certain type of business has been damaging the marine animals and ice caps have vanished causing their habitat to be under threat. In addition, as the ice disappears companies and governments drill for oil in the melting waters which have an even greater effect on the Arctic itself as much as it affects the marines ecosystem. These oil companies do this activity of drilling to increase economic growth and to decrease the price of gasoline. Furthermore, by performing this activity, oil companies say this can create jobs. Oil is also a dependable natural source that is highly relied on for many purposes and it can not...
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...The effects for the adult fishes become harder for them to produce their eggs. The grown-up fishes are not the only ones with all the medical effects, but the eggs that they create can damage their eggs. When the oil comes in contact with the eggs of the fishes and shellfishes, the survival of the eggs are, in most cases, minimal to live a healthy life. Arctic oil drilling is an unsafe, threatening, business that is making a negative effect on this sensitive environment. This sure sort of business has been harming the marine creatures and ice tops have vanished making their living space under risk. Furthermore, as the ice vanishes organizations and governments drill for oil in the softening waters which have a significantly more prominent...
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...impact on GDP and on the masses. Why are these problems visible in a country like Kenya? Because so many other problem are putting multiplier times negative impact on GDP and other macro economic variables such as inflation. Oil and other petroleum products are scarce commodities in the world. Like prices of other commodities the price of crude oil experiences wide price swings in times of shortage or oversupply. The crude oil price cycle may extend over several years responding to changes in demand as well as OPEC and non-OPEC supply. Throughout much of the twentieth century, the price of U.S. petroleum was heavily regulated through production or price controls. In the post World War II era, U.S. oil prices at the wellhead averaged $28.52 per barrel adjusted for inflation to 2010 dollars. In the absence of price controls, the U.S. price would have tracked the world price averaging near $30.54. Over the same post war period, the median for the domestic and the adjusted world price of crude oil was $20.53 in 2010 prices. Adjusted for inflation, from 1947 to 2010 oil prices only exceeded $20.53 per barrel 50 percent of the time. (See note in the box on right.) Until March 28, 2000 when OPEC adopted the $22-$28 price band for the OPEC basket of crude, real oil prices...
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...The Effects of Oil price Hike to the Consumers in the Philippines The 19th century oil became the big part of people’s life for the machinery and vehicles that people used for their daily living. Within a year, more than 1,500 oil companies had been chartered, and oil became the dominant fuel of the 20th century and is part of the different countries economy, and Philippines are one of the countries that have an independent fuel company that started in 1978. The Filipino owned company that offers fuel products ranging from automobile gasoline to industry lubricants and services such as storage and shipping. For Filipino, oil is very important why? Because of the company that just started, planning to be independent and to be one of the develop company all over the world. The possible negative effects of oil price hike in the Philippines are the steady increases in the price of fuel on the global market and because of the importance of fuel in the production, marketing, and especially to transportation of food products and the desire of every producer, consumers and to those people involve in using oil. And to that, it increases the price of fuels used for transportation and the oil to the market, then after too that it may also affects the price of foods that being sell to the market that have been undergo to a process transferring into different places. Lastly, the higher household energy bills can contribute to price oil price hike. Gas and electricity prices typically...
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...The Effects of Oil price Hike to the Consumers in the Philippines The 19th century oil became the big part of people’s life for the machinery and vehicles that people used for their daily living. Within a year, more than 1,500 oil companies had been chartered, and oil became the dominant fuel of the 20th century and is part of the different countries economy, and Philippines are one of the countries that have an independent fuel company that started in 1978. The Filipino owned company that offers fuel products ranging from automobile gasoline to industry lubricants and services such as storage and shipping. For Filipino, oil is very important why? Because of the company that just started, planning to be independent and to be one of the develop company all over the world. The possible negative effects of oil price hike in the Philippines are the steady increases in the price of fuel on the global market and because of the importance of fuel in the production, marketing, and especially to transportation of food products and the desire of every producer, consumers and to those people involve in using oil. And to that, it increases the price of fuels used for transportation and the oil to the market, then after too that it may also affects the price of foods that being sell to the market that have been undergo to a process transferring into different places. Lastly, the higher household energy bills can contribute to price oil price hike. Gas and electricity prices typically...
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...LITERATURE REVIEW 6 GAP in Research 8 MOTIVATION 8 DATA COLLECTION/SAMPLE SELECTION 9 HYPOTHESIS 10 Research Methodology 10 FINDINGS 11 CONTRIBUTION TO LITERATURE 23 CONCLUSIONS 23 References 25 UNDERSTANDING ON RESEARCH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION & DEFINITION Relationship between macroeconomic variables and broad market index: A causal relationship between Nifty CNX and macroeconomic variables in India ABSTRACT The relationship between macroeconomic variables and broad market index by now are well documented in the literature. However a void in the literature relates to examining the causal relationship between Nifty CNX and macroeconomic variables such as FDI, FPI, weighted average lending rate (WALR), GDP and oil import in India and correlation among the macro variables. INTRODUCTION Globalization of Indian economy post liberalization has been spurred by capital and stock investment in terms of FDI & FPI. Indian stock market both securities and commodities are among the favourite hunting spots for foreign investor betting on India’s growth story. Over the last two decades the fast space of economic growth and progressive policy liberalization has made India an attractive destination for World’s investors. FDI and FPI thus have become instruments of international economic integration and stimulation. Fast growing economies...
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...Lingering Effects of the BP Oil Spill The rest of the world has long forgotten the disaster that tore through the states along the Gulf of Mexico. Its lingering effects can still be felt three years later. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, otherwise known as the BP oil spill, has left the states of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana in recovery mode. The oil spill not only affected the ecology of these states, but also the economy. This tragic disaster claimed the lives of eleven men. It also disrupted the way of life for the numerous people employed by the seafood industry, and its consumers. The shrimping industry located in these states in the year 2006 accounted for “83% of the total US shrimp landings”, according to John Tunnell (2011). Based on the results of the survey I conducted in Biloxi, MS, along with research I have done, I have found that locally both consumers and businesses are more willing to support the local shrimp industry than they are to purchase imported shrimp. However, on a global scale consumers are still wary of eating shrimp caught anywhere on or near the Gulf Coast. The people residing on the Gulf Coast of the United States of America are a resilient group. They have endured three consecutive extraordinary catastrophes: Hurricane Katrina, the BP Oil Spill, and the Mississippi River Floods, and still somehow have continued to strive and continue their way of life. However, the shrimp industry took a huge hit after the BP Oil spill...
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...Do Oil Revenues Affect Taxation? Christopher Skutnik Oil is an essential commodity to humans, as it powers many goods and services that give us humans a lot of utility. For oil producing countries, the prospects of exporting barrels of oil can be very exciting for fiscal revenues. The effect of oil production on fiscal revenues is largely due to the world oil price. In the last year and a half the price of oil has plummeted from $104/barrel to about $41/barrel today. This sharp decline in the price of oil has certainly hurt fiscal revenues of oil producing countries. It is also very likely that these countries do not enforce taxation. On the other hand, due to the volatile nature of oil prices, it is also rational to assume that oil-producing countries may enforce stringent tax codes. Stringent tax codes may be enforced to relieve budgetary pressures that may be as a result of lower oil prices. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether oil revenues have an effect on taxation. Understanding the effect of oil revenues on taxation is very important in terms of real world application. The information obtained from the analysis between the two variables will enable large producing oil nations to determine the kind of fiscal policy to undertake. It will help nations in planning budgets accordingly, while also helping governments determine whether there needs to be a change in tax rates to meet budgetary ambitions. For example, if...
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...OUTLINE Introduction A. What effects can produce oil prices increase? a. Brief history and evolution in oil markets b. Causes of the increment in oil prices B. Colombia on the two sides of oil prices rise effects c. Brief description of effects d. Brief history of petroleum industry Body I. International context a. Global situation of oil prices b. Volatility and Dutch disease II. Colombia Case c. analysis of effects in the macroeconomic view: inflation and currency appreciation Conclusion A. Which are the solutions to control the harmful effects of oil prices increase B. What strategies are implementing in Colombia to deal with the effects of oil prices increase. Thesis statement Since the 1970s the world hadn`t experienced an oil increase like the one that is happening these days where many countries are concerned about the effects that this phenomenon can bring to their economies. As an oil exporting country, Colombia has to deal with a lot of challenge in order to transform all the revenues from petroleum into benefits to their society. However there are some effects that can bring some instability to this small economy, especially the one that international markets create a speculative bubble which can end in the Dutch disease. ‘The Dutch disease is a major market failure originating in the existence of cheap and abundant natural or human resources that keep the currency of a country overvalued...
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...macroeconomic impacts of oil price shocks 1.4.1 A short history of a controversial topic Since the 1973 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) oil embargo, the role of rapid, unanticipated increases in oil prices has been a topic of intense interest, among both economists and the lay public. Considering the magnitude of widespread national recessions during the 1970s, the controversy surrounding research on the macroeconomics of oil price shocks may seem surprising: why would anyone doubt the capacity of oil price shocks to cause the major movements in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) which have been observed in so many countries? Possibly most important in fueling the controversy is the small share of GDP that oil and its close substitutes have comprised in most economies: 1.5% to 3% prior to the 1973 episode. Experienced macroeconomists doubted that even a sizeable shock to such a small part of the economy could have the observed effects. Second, the 1973 episode itself was not a clean experiment because a number of other major factors were emerging at the same time. The world economy was just getting off the post-Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate regime. A number of countries, including the United States, was teetering on the brink of recession at the time of the 1973 shock; in the United States in particular, monetary policy tightened right around the time of the 1973 shock. Separating these effects and deciding the role of oil price shocks in...
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...econjournals.com Effects of Oil Price Shocks on the Economic Sectors in Malaysia Mohd Shahidan Shaari School of Business Innovation and Technopreneurship, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia. Email: shahidanshaari@unimap.edu.my Tan Lee Pei School of Business Innovation and Technopreneurship, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia. Email: pui_tlp@yahoo.com Hafizah Abdul Rahim School of Business Innovation and Technopreneurship, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia. Email: hafizahrahim@unimap.edu.my ABSTRACT: This paper aims to examine the effects of oil price shocks on economic sectors in Malaysia. A unit root test was conducted, in which data were shown to be non-stationary in all levels, and stationary in the first difference for all variables. The co-integration model was applied, and the results indicated that one co-integrating equation exists, suggesting the long-term effects of oil prices on the agriculture, construction, manufacturing, and transportation sectors. Finally, Grange causality test was performed, and the results implied that in Malaysia, oil price shocks can affect agriculture, similar to Hanson et al. (2010). Oil price instability also influences the performance of the agriculture sector, contrary to the results of Alper and Torul (2009). In addition, the construction sector was found to be dependent on oil prices. Therefore, the current study has an important implication for the Malaysian government in formulating policies on oil prices. The Malaysian...
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...Environmental Regulations 1-0: Introduction Two vessels collided on august 1990 near Gibraltar in Spain resulting in a sea disaster and oil spill. Sea Spirit along with the Norwegian gas tanker collided head on causing a spill of about 8000Tons of oil. Oil contamination in the marine spread far, even reaching the Moroccan coast in form of cakes, tar balls, and oil packs. Similar to this disaster is the major oil spill that occurred on July in 1979 near Trinidad and Tobago caused by the Atlantic Empress. The spill allegedly resulted in the largest oil spill of 287,000Metric tons of oil ever to be recorded. The disaster was never totally remedied since during pull away from the scene, the tanker continued to spill an additional substantial amount of oil. Conversely, the Aegean Captain also leaked large amount of oil. Some moments later on, Atlantic Empress sank deeply with its cargo remaining solidified. However, the spill from the two ships never reached the shores of the ocean. 2-0: Similarities 2-1: Similarities in environmental effects In terms of ecological contamination, Both Sea Spirit and Atlantic Empress caused major impacts on sea animal and plant life. Sea birds became highly affected dipping the insulating capacity among such animals. Birds became highly vulnerable to temperature changes and less buoyant in water. The two oil spills contributed to huge impairments and disabilities related to flight in aquatic birds (Horn and Neal 2006, para 3). In fact, species...
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...Oil and Gas 2 There are many issues that cause the cost of oil and gas to increase. The main contributing issue to the increasing cost of oil and gas is supply and demand, when demand is greater than supply, the price of oil and gas will increase. The factors that affect supply include increased demand, problems with refineries and pipelines, and disruption to supply or threat of disruption to supply. With the increased demand for oil in the United States and other countries such as India and China; the extra demand for oil has put enormous pressure on available oil reserves. The Energy Information Administration stated, “If refinery or pipeline and/or reductions in imports cause supplies to decline unexpectedly, gasoline inventories (stocks) may drop rapidly. This may cause wholesalers to bid higher for available supply over concern that future supplies may not be adequate” (Energy Information Administration, 2008, para. 9). With this in mind, the other underlying factors that affect supply are disruption to supply or threat of disruption to supply along with The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is an organization of oil producing countries which produces over 40% of the world’s crude oil and has two-thirds of the world’s oil reserves. This organization was formed in 1960 to regulate the supply of oil and to some extent, the price of oil. The organization includes Algeria, Indonesia...
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...m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / e n e c o Economic impacts of higher oil and gas prices The role of international trade for Germany Christian Lutz a,⁎, Bernd Meyer a,b a b Institute for Economic Structures Research (GWS), Osnabrueck, Germany University of Osnabrueck, Germany a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t The analysis concentrates on direct and indirect price increases, induced shifts in international trade and structural changes in the oil importing economies. The paper at hand asks, whether a stabilizing effect via international trade and domestic structural change on the GDP of oil importing countries can be observed, if a permanent oil price increase occurs. At least for Germany, structural change from consumer goods to investment goods industry and an improvement of international competitiveness limit negative impacts of increased energy prices. Analysis is based on the extensive and disaggregated global GINFORS model and the detailed INFORGE model for the German economy. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 15 July 2008 Received in revised form 13 January 2009 Accepted 27 May 2009 Available online 6 June 2009 JEL classification: Q43 C53 C67 F17 Keywords: Global modelling Energy prices and the macro economy International trade 1. Introduction Oil price shocks have negative impacts on oil importing countries. There seems to be evidence for this plausible result from the literature of econometric...
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