...substantiated debate, including both advantages and effectiveness, and problems with the technique. The evidence of the progress in developing effective treatments is an indicator of the efficacy of gene therapy. Haemophilia treatment is effective in curbing the severe bleeding phenotype. Mucus in the lungs resulting from cystic fibrosis has been maintained at the same level instead of further degenerating. The treatment shows a well-tolerated response, but does however need to stimulate a better recovery. Down syndrome has not been treated using gene therapy, but indications of development have been shown with chromosome suppressing technology. Cancer is a likely target for the effective use of gene therapy as an alternative treatment. With acknowledged successes, further investigation can occur...
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...replaced and help improve the lives of millions. However, cloning in the human sense has had a difficult start. DNA cloning has permitted the development of modern biology, in particular within the last forty years. In this time frame the world has passed from theories to actually cloning genes. Subsequently, The University of Utah Health Sciences did a study on the history of cloning: Mitalipov and colleagues were the first to use somatic cell nuclear transfer to create a human embryo. …In this experiment, researchers took a skin cell from a patient and fused it with a donated egg cell. Key to the success of the experiment was the modification to the culture liquid in which the procedure was done and to the series of electrical pulses used to stimulate the egg to begin its division. Following the cloning controversy of 2004–2005, in which South Korean scientists falsely claimed to have used somatic cell nuclear transfer to create embryonic stem cell lines, the scientific community demanded much stronger evidence that the procedure had actually been successful. (Learn. Genetics) Subsequently, many states in the US began to prohibit the use of therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Regardless, cloning should be decriminalized, with the stipulation that serious regulations be put into place. People, often too caught in the moral implications of cloning never take the time to learn the scientific process. Moral implications are thoughts and actions of people that result from opinion...
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...from these advances in science have manifested through the animal testing done in laboratories with the purpose of ensuring a drug’s effectiveness for humans. Though many may argue that animals fully merit their own rights to not be tested on, it is not taken into account how often animals are the best option for bringing revolutionary discoveries, since the help testing for drug safety and providing accurate biological feedback for the development of medicine. Furthermore, it is through the information presented that a...
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...[pic] Moral and Ethical Issues in Gene Therapy • Dr • [pic] Introduction Genetic research has advanced in a dramatic fashion in the last decade or so, to the point where it has now become possible to attempt therapeutic genetic modification, in a few cases of human genes, where a defects exists which manifests itself in certain serious diseases. This possibility, known as gene therapy, is only in its infancy. At present, no one knows how effective it will prove to be, even in the few conditions on which it is being tried - whether it will only be of relatively limited application, or whether it will open up many wider possibilities. It suffers both over-optimistic claims from some quarters and exaggerated dangers from others, over which the church needs to be discerning. It is, of course, not possible to assert exactly where the possibilities opened up by today's technology will lead in terms of future developments, but various ethical and moral issues are implicit in the technology which it is important to draw to the Church's attention, so that it is forearmed in an area where developments have been taking place at a bewildering pace. An editorial in the "New Scientist" in April 1994 drew attention to the need to weigh up what may still be future issues today, before the technological "horse" bolts from the stable and it is too late to lock the door. Potential Ethical Issues Perhaps the most basic underlying questions centre on a Christian understanding...
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...Is Stem Cell Research Ethical? Reginald Lawrence Is it ethical for stem cells for the advancement of medical research? In the 1800s it was discovered certain cells could generate other cells. The 1900s brought upon more research in using stem cells. The ethical issue surrounding embryonic stem cells research arises because human embryos are destroyed in the process. I believe that the benefits outweigh the negatives and that a greater good can come out of using embryonic stem cells. The treatment of diseases and illnesses continually grows and improves. Embryonic stem cells have the potential to help rectify or even cure disease and illnesses that are thought to be incurable. However, the ethical battle over the sanctity of life rages on. Stem cells can be compared to the building blocks of the human body. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, they can develop into any other type of cell in the body. They are extracted from a cell before they differentiate. They have the capacity to make any of the 200 different cells in the body and can also self-renew or reproduce themselves. Currently, there are 89 stem cell lines, a family of constantly dividing cells, registered with the National Institute of Health (NIH). The first line was discovered in 1998. In 1996 Congress passed the Dickey-Wicker Amendment, which put restrictions on federally funding embryonic stem cell research if the embryo was created to be destroyed. In 2001, President Bush implemented guidelines to...
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...Introduction Human embryonic stem cells (hES cells) are currently discussed not only by the biologists by whom they were discovered but also by the medical profession, media, ethicists, governments and politicians. There are several reasons for this. On the one hand, these ‘super cells’ have a major clinical potential in tissue repair, with their proponents believing that they represent the future relief or cure of a wide range of common disabilities; replacement of defective cells in a patient by transplantation of hES cell‐derived equivalents would restore normal function. On the other hand, the use of hES cells is highly controversial because they are derived from human pre‐implantation embryos. To date, most embryos used for the establishment of hES cell lines have been spare embryos from IVF, but the creation of embryos specifically for deriving hES cells is also under discussion. The most controversial variant of this is the transfer of a somatic cell‐nucleus from a patient to an enucleated oocyte (unfertilized egg) in order to produce hES cells genetically identical to that patient for ‘autologous’ transplantation (so‐called ‘therapeutic’ cloning); this may prevent tissue rejection. The question ‘Can these cells be isolated and used and, if so, under what conditions and restrictions’ is presently high on the political and ethical agenda, with policies and legislation being formulated in many countries to regulate their derivation. The UK has been the first to pass...
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...Healthcare technology in the U.S. is considered to be among the most sophisticated in the world. It not only leads the world in the production of medical technologies it is the medical technology’s largest consumer. Our first class medical institutions serve as the foundation for very sophisticated technology, advanced care, and innovation. In 2012 the U.S. market value for healthcare technology exceeded 110 billion which represents about 38% of the entire healthcare technology industry. Healthcare technology in the U.S. also represents a significant number of employment opportunities. In 2010 the healthcare industry employed approximately 14% of the workforce and generates approximately $1.75 trillion of revenue. Employment projections for the next 10 years are expected to grow more than 40% (SelectUSA, 2013). To many Americans that is a good news story. However, there is a side of the story that is not all good. The same technology that we produce and use, that contributes to an increase in life expectancy, is leading to increased demand on the healthcare system, primarily from the growing population of senior citizens. This leads to a shrinking supply of healthcare resources to treat the very people who need it. This creates a situation where many people go untreated. Insurance companies, both public and private, are required to solicit bids to get the required healthcare resources to treat their customers. Given that many in our society can afford to pay a good price...
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...Bookmarks tab on the left side of this window. ***************************************************** We are the last. The last generation to be unaugmented. The last generation to be intellectually alone. The last generation to be limited by our bodies. We are the first. The first generation to be augmented. The first generation to be intellectually together. The first generation to be limited only by our imaginations. We stand both before and after, balancing on the razor edge of the Event Horizon of the Singularity. That this sublime juxtapositional tautology has gone unnoticed until now is itself remarkable. We're so exquisitely privileged to be living in this time, to be born right on the precipice of the greatest paradigm shift in human history, the only thing that approaches the importance of that reality is finding like minds that realize the same, and being able to make some connection with them. If these books have influenced you the same way that they have us, we invite your contact at the email addresses listed below. Enjoy, Michael Beight, piman_314@yahoo.com Steven Reddell, cronyx@gmail.com Here are some new links that we’ve found interesting: KurzweilAI.net News articles, essays, and discussion on the latest topics in technology and accelerating intelligence. SingInst.org The Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence: think tank devoted to increasing Humanity’s odds of experiencing a safe, beneficial Singularity. Many interesting articles on such...
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...information to the robotic equipment, telling it what to do. This surgical technology can be used for a wide range of surgical procedures. There are multiple benefits from choosing this type of surgery, but can also cost more than laparoscopic. Robotic surgery has been discussed for over two decades. Over the last decade, it has increased in popularity and applicability. There are many economic concerns over the use of this technology such as the cost versus the applicable use. There are also concerns about the implications the use of this technology will have on the environment, as well as moral and ethical concerns. By providing background information and history of this technology, information on the use of this technology, economical, sociological, and psychological effects and concerns associated with this technology, and information on environmental implications and moral and ethical concerns of this technology, we hope to provide readers a basis to form an educated opinion on the applicability of remote and robotic surgery. Table of Contents Abstract (Jesse Edwards)…...……………………………………………….…………………….ii Introduction (Jesse Edwards)……………………………………………….……………………..1 Description of Robotic Assisted Surgical Technology and What it Means to You (Gregory Dal Porto)………………………………………………………………………………………………1 What is Robotic Surgery (Gregory Dal Porto)..............………………………………….……….1 How Does it Work (Gregory Dal Porto)...………………………………………………………...1 What Types of Surgeries can...
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...COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Seattle University 900 Broadway Seattle, Washington 98122-4340 Department of Educational Leadership SCHOOL OF EDUCATION ORGANIZING THEME: Preparing Ethical and Reflective Professionals for Quality Service in Diverse Communities DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP MISSION STATEMENT: Preparing Effective Leaders for an Interdependent World COURSE INFORMATION Course Prefix and Number(s): EDLR 631, 632, 633 - 9 Credit Hours Meeting Place: Loyola Hall, Room 202/203 Meeting Date(s) and Time(s): Saturday, September 27, 2008. 8:30 - 4:30 (Loyola 301/302) Saturday, October 18, 2008. 8:30 - 4:30 Saturday, November 15, 2008. 8:30 - 4:30 Saturday, December 6, 2008. 8:30 - 4:30 (Loyola 301/302) Sunday, December 7, 2008. 8:30 – 4:30 Saturday, January 10, 2009. 8:30 - 4:30 Sunday, January 11, 2009. 8:30 - 4:30 Saturday, February 7, 2009. 8:30 - 4:30 Saturday, March 21, 2009. 8:30 - 4:30 Saturday, April 18, 2009. 8:30 - 4:30 Sunday, April 29, 2009. 8:30 - 4:30 Saturday, May 16, 2009. 8:30 - 4:30 Retreat Sunday, May 17, 2009. Retreat. Location to be determined. Leadership Conference: Location and date to be determined. Attendance required Course Instructor: Roberto A. Peña, Ph.D. Associate Professor Office: Loyola Hall, Room 407 Contact Information: Office Telephone: Home Telephone: Fax Machine: E-mail Address: (206) 296-6496 (206) 780-6970 (206) 296-2053 penar@seattleu.edu Program Administrative Assistant: Ms. Eunice MacGill Seattle University School of Education...
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...[pic] Table of Contents Executive Summary 2-6 External Analysis 7-13 Internal A ,mnalysis 14-17 Functional Analysis 18-21 Business-Level Strategy 22-24 Corporate Level Strategy 25-27 Strategy Implementation 28-30 References 31 Executive Summary A Customer’s Hope Eli Lilly and Company is on a mission that benefits millions of people every day by helping them live longer and fuller lives. They provide their customers with answers that matter—life saving and enhancing medicines. They carry out this mission by discovering, developing, and marketing pharmaceutical therapies. Many of the pharmaceutical products Lilly brings to market are first-in-class, providing customers a therapeutic relief that did not exist. An example of this is their newly FDA-cleared drug, Xigris™, which helps thousands of people every day by treating the potentially fatal condition of sepsis. The Lilly research team persevered over two decades to bring Xigris™ to fruition, even when over ten other companies failed to produce a viable drug remedy for sepsis (Eli Lilly Annual Report 2001). This dedication truly exemplifies Lilly’s commitment to their customers and transcends into all their efforts. Eli Lilly continues to be a successful pharmaceutical company, while other pharmaceutical companies have seen their success erode, because of the strategies they employ. Lilly has focused on building partnerships rather than acquisitions...
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...Introduction HOW SHOULD YOU INTERPRET YOUR SCORES? In the Answer key at the end of the each set of Listening and Reading answers you will find a chart which will help you assess if, on the basis of your practice test results, you are ready to take the IELTS exam. In interpreting your score, there are a number of points you should bear in mind. Your performance in the real IELTS test will be reported in two ways: there will be a Band Score from 1 to 9 for each of the modules and an Overall Band Score from 1 to 9, which is the average of your scores in the four modules. However, institutions considering your application are advised to look at both the Overall Band and the Bands for each module. They do this in order to see if you have the language skills needed for a particular course of study. For example, if your course has a lot of reading and writing, but no lectures, listening comprehension might be less important and a score of 5 in Listening might be acceptable if the Overall Band Score was 7. However, for a course where there are lots of lectures and spoken instructions, a score of 5 in Listening might be unacceptable even though the Overall Band Score was 7. Once you have marked your papers you should have some idea of whether your Listening and Reading skills are good enough for you to try the real IELTS test. If you did well enough in one module but not in others, you will have to decide for yourself whether you are ready to take the proper test yet...
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...CONTENTS PREFACE BY THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF UNESCO EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION I. WHAT IS ‘SUSTAINABILITY’? * BEHIND THE HEADLINES * Population * Poverty * Environmental degradation * Democracy, human rights and peace * Development * Interdependence * NORTH-SOUTH DIFFERENCES * TOWARDS A DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABILITY * A dynamic balance * An emerging vision * EDUCATION: THE FORCE OF THE FUTURE II. PUBLIC AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDING: THE FUEL FOR CHANGE * THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION * CONFRONTING VESTED INTERESTS * COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES * COMPLEX MESSAGES * THE MESSENGERS * REASON FOR OPTIMISM III. REORIENTING EDUCATION TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABILITY * IMPORTANCE OF BASIC EDUCATION * WHAT CHANGES DOES SUSTAINABILITY REQUIRE? * Curriculum reform * Structural reform * EDUCATIONAL REFORM: A CASE STUDY * REFORM AT DIFFERENT SCALES * CONTRIBUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION * INTERDISCIPLINARITY IV. SHIFTING TO SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLES: CHANGING CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION PATTERNS * INDIVIDUAL CHOICES AND LIFESTYLES * COLLECTIVE DECISION-MAKING V. ETHICS, CULTURE AND EQUITY: SUSTAINABILITY AS A MORAL IMPERATIVE * SOME ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY * The ’ethic of time’ * Complexity as an ethical issue * Continuity: the ethical link between past, present, and future * CULTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY ...
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...A2 Biology Unit 5 page 1 AQA A2 Biology Unit 5 Contents Specification Human Nervous system Nerve Cells The Nerve Impulse Synapses Receptors Muscle Animal Responses Control of Heart Rate The Hormone System Homeostasis Temperature Homeostasis Blood Glucose Homeostasis Control of Mammalian Oestrus Plant Responses The Genetic Code Protein Synthesis Gene Mutations Stem Cells Control of Gene Expression Biotechnology DNA sequencing Southern Blot In vivo cloning Genetically Modified Organisms Gene Therapy Genetic Screening and Counselling 2 4 6 0 14 17 24 28 30 33 34 38 42 44 48 50 54 57 63 66 71 76 80 85 89 92 Molecular Genetics These notes may be used freely by A level biology students and teachers, and they may be copied and edited. Please do not use these materials for commercial purposes. I would be interested to hear of any comments and corrections. Neil C Millar (nmillar@ntlworld.co.uk) Head of Biology, Heckmondwike Grammar School High Street, Heckmondwike, WF16 0AH Jan 2010 HGS Biology A-level notes NCM 8/09 A2 Biology Unit 5 page 2 Biology Unit 5 Specification Control Systems Organisms increase their chance of survival by responding to changes in their environment. The Nerve Impulse The structure of a myelinated motor neurone. The establishment of a resting potential in terms of differential membrane permeability, electrochemical gradients and the movement of sodium and potassium ions. Changes in membrane permeability lead to depolarisation and the...
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...Archives Canada Bibliothèque et Archives Canada Published Heritage Branch Direction du Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-59035-5 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-59035-5 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a nonexclusive license allowing Library and Archives Canada to reproduce, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, communicate to the public by telecommunication or on the Internet, loan, distribute and sell theses worldwide, for commercial or noncommercial purposes, in microform, paper, electronic and/or any other formats. . The author retains copyright ownership and moral rights in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author’s permission. L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou autres formats. L’auteur conserve la propriété du droit d’auteur et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni la thèse ni des extraits...
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