...day debate about. Was Indihar Gandhi correct in instating operation Blue Star, inflicting damage to the Golden temple, and being responsible for the killing of anywhere from 492 (official reports) to 1500 (estimates run as high as) civilians, which lead to an additional 5,000 Sikh deaths following, due to anti-Sikh riots? Was Indihar Gandhi’s actions justified, and could her problems with the Sikhs have been solved in any other way? These are all question India still debates to this day. We will look at who exactly Indihar Gandhi is, what is operation blue star, why she invoked Operation Blue Star, how did her actions eventually lead to her assassination, India’s Sikh population afterwards, and how Indihar’s actions affected the Gandhi dynasty? On June 3, 1984 Indihar Gandhi gave the executive decision to invoke Operation Blue Star, a military attack on the golden temple in Amritsar, Punjab. The Golden Tempe is considered one of the most sacred and religious places in the world, in what Indihar Gandhi taught was a necessity following a chain of events. Sikhs, involved in the Khalistan movement wanted Punjab to be an independent state, and felt they were being oppressed. The Khalistan movement led under Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale used tactics to express their views and desires in a very unconventional way, depending on your religion. Bhindranwale felt the only way to achieve liberation, was through violence, which he demonstrated through violent protests, and acts of terrorism...
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...THE IMPACT OF THE QING DYNASTY ON MODERN EAST ASIA The Qing Dynasty and Modern East Asia In what ways did the history of the Qing Dynasty effect modern East Asia? The Qing Dynasty has had countless effects on China and East Asia, including but not limited to the current distribution of land, philosophies and economic status. The anti-trade mentality plus the ups and downs in the Trade agreements the Qing Dynasty had been a part of relates to the state of modern China. The Manchus created the Qing Dynasty and combined many regions and cultures, creating a multinational empire and in a way unified China. Modern East Asia has been impacted by the Qing Dynasty throughout the many wars and how the regions and countries ended up being distributed amongst the winning and losing sides. The Qing Dynasty’s limitation of trade for the protection of its people was smart at the time to the Qing but it limited the total growth of China as a whole. The Qing had placed strict regulations on what can be traded and where those items could be traded, which at the time the Qing thought was a good idea to help protect their culture by limiting outside influences into its country. Early in the Qing Dynasty, the Qing traded with select European countries, Korea, Ryukyu, Japan, and other smaller states but only in selective categories. Near the end of the Qing Dynasty, China began or was even forced to accept more western trade...
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...suggest different theories and presuppositions concerning the creation of the Great Wall, but it is very difficult to give a definite answer to the question of the reasons for its creation. However, specialists (Waldron and Barfield) agree that the construction of the Great Wall of China was particularly intensive during the Ming dynasty and they emphasize that the Wall did not really had its strategic defensive significance but they rather indicate to the foreign relationships of China and Mongols as one of the major factor that defined the policy of the Ming court at the epoch. But the positions of Waldron and Barfield, in spite of seeming similarities, differ consistently since Thomas Barfield rather gives us a model for the long-term trends, history is actually made in real time, by specific persons with specific arguments. Only Arthur Waldron’s detailed picture of the policy paralysis at the Ming court offers a convincing case of why the Great Wall of China was built. Waldron’s view on the reasons for building the Great Wall of China On analyzing the position of Arthur Waldron, his view on the Great Wall of China as a product of the policy of Ming dynasty created in the result of the specific conditions that existed at Ming court at the epoch is undeniable. He argues that the Great Wall of China was consistently improved and...
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...of government. Ancient Asia had many too, but the Han dynasty started something different from all of the rest that would continue on for over a thousand years. The Qin dynasty, before the Han began, had caused terrible education, high taxes, and harsh laws that made it hard to live in China. The Han dynasty wanted to change that, for no one could live under such circumstances. They combined Legalism, a philosophy that order came before everything else, and Confucianism, which changed major aspects of how government should be. Gao Zu, the first emperor of the Han dynasty, created a new sect of advisors who were Confucian scholars. He created this new form because “he believed the government...
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...major super powers at the same time. The Romans in the West and the Han Dynasty in the East. Both had no idea how large the other was. The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty both had created strong government systems, military and had vast technology advancement. Though they had major differences, they both made a lasting impression on Eastern and Western civilization as we know it today At the height of the Roman Empire it had close to nineteen provinces stretching as far as Syria. "The simple mention of the Roman Empire is sometimes enough to conjure up an image of something that is immensely stable." Roman's had an emperor which ultimately controlled everything. As same to the Han dynasty the emperor came to power with no regards to the law. The Roman empire had a different way to govern a provinces and a cities. they had some freedom on running their government but always had to pay tax and had to take command from a assigned governor. Then Han dynasty like the Roman's used their military power to take over their land. At the height of the Han dynasty they had thirty-one districts, creating law, currency, a weight system and a measurement system. These systems where to overtake old ones in all of the China. This did not go as well as the Romans approach. The Roman empire took control of areas but did not try and change their culture as much. They still had their own law, taxes and leaders put into effect. But there was more freedom in a sense. One of the major differences...
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...exchanged surplus food and crafts items. Centers such as Anyang and Loyang in China grew and became a focus of migration for a growing agricultural population. V. Political factors: Presence of a king with distinguished roles. VI. Environmental factors: Stability of environment, natural boundaries. 2. Discuss the major features of the following in the early Chinese history showing those that have affected development of the modern world. 1. Political structures 2. The Chinese economy 3. Social structures 1. Political structures China had a government ruled y dynasties, united under one dynasty but often competing dynasties in controlling different regions. Ancient China’s resources, large areas and large populations demanded a strong central government. When one of these regional dynasties became dominant their king would become the emperor. The government these dynasties created tended to be very autocratic and even despotic, ruthlessly enforcing...
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...Literature, mainly talked about Jin and Yuan Literati Hagiographies of Daoist Quanzhen Masters. Since that, I have some basic ideas about the beginning of the Daoist as well as the development of the Daoist Quanzhen Masters. In particular, Quanzhe is the most important sect of the Daoist, and it was founded in the beginning of Jin Dynasty by Wang Zhe whose Daoist monastic name was Chongyang as well as who is one of prestigious Quanzhen masters. After Wang Chongyang accepted seven disciples, the Quanzhen was founded formally. These disciples were called Ma Yu, Tan Chuduan, Liu Chuxuan, Qiu Chuji, Wang Chuyi, Hao Datong, and Sun Buer. Qiu Chuji was the most prestigious and famous from seven disciples. He was the founder of the Dragon Gate sect of Taoism attracting the largest following in the streams of traditions flowing from the sects of the disciples. From The Legend of The Condor Heroes《射雕英雄傳》and The Return of the Condor Heroes《神雕俠侶》which was created by Jin Yong, Qiu Chuji was described as a highly skilled Taoist, this is why he was popular and well-known among Chinese people. In Chinese history, Qiu Chuji played as an important role to create positive effects on Chinese politics as well as Chinese society. As a...
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...The Mongols were successful in conquering China and Russia. The Mongols created a great political and economical effect for both the Chinese and Russian areas. The effects of the area were similar In ways, also different in ways. The areas had different endings, ways of getting money, and strategies on how occupy the two areas. When the Mongols conquered China, the Mongols raided the Jurchen Realm to gain land in modern day Beijing. The Yuan dynasty was formed to segregate the Chinese. Chinese and the Mongols were not aloud to integrate between each other. Some of the foreign administrators were put in charge, people from all the areas were taken and put in the dynasty to fill the needed jobs. After the leader Kublai Khan left the dynasty...
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...How accurate is it to say that the spread of revolutionary beliefs was the main reason for the fall of the Qing dynasty 1911-12? This essay will be looking at how much of a contribution the spread of revolutionary beliefs in China had in the fall of the Qing Dynasty. In order to determine the importance of this I will therefore also be looking at other factors such as, foreign interference, double tenth and the inability to change. I believe it is partially accurate to say that the spread of revolutionary beliefs was important in the downfall of the Qing Dynasty; however it wasn’t necessarily the most important factor. This can be determined from the effects of Sun Yatsen’s anti-government movement in China. Initially, the extreme need for revolution and reform stemmed from Cixi’s need and desire for conservatism. Her oblivious attitude towards the failure of the government angered many people and essentially gave reformers the ammunition to spread their own beliefs. As previously mentioned, Sun Yatsen was one of the people who felt strongly about changing the way things worked in China. He was particularly open minded and due to his education abroad had adopted a Westernized style of thinking. Thus, Yatsen attempted to modernise and regenerate China by removing foreign control and reasserting their unique character and greatness by forming the revolutionary alliance in 1905. Within this, his greatest belief was that the only way in which China would be able to modernise was...
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...through many changes in their early years. The Sui, Tang and Song dynasties played a major role in transforming the political, economic and social structure of the country. Each dynasty incorporated policies that changed the landscape and affected the people of China. The Sui Dynasty had two distinct periods of rule and each had a lasting and profound effect on his people. Wen Ti was the first to rule and saw him enact a new set of strategies that would benefit the Chinese people in all facets of their lives. Ti introduced a tax reduction, a land allocation system and a census to address equitable and fair tax collection. These components working in concert with each other allowed for citizens to become more involved in commerce and ultimately drove the growth of the Chinese economy. Wen Ti’s son Yang was next to rule and similar to his father added to the country’s growth through innovative projects. His largest contribution was the construction of the Grand Canal. The Grand Canal opened the entire country form North to South, this passage way served as a key source in the movement of crops and goods throughout the country. For most of its history, China had a very sparse population in the South and The Grand Canal allowed for the movement of people throughout the entire country, this was key to the growth of the economy, growing the tax base and making rule easier in the entire country. The Tang Dynasty was the most glistening historical period in Chinese history...
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...China regarding dynasties, unification, leadership, political philosophies, government structure and international relationships. The country has an extensive history. China also has many customs we would consider to be unacceptable. Come with me and let’s explore the up and coming global power. SECTIONII: There were many dynasties that have ruled China since 2033BC. Xia dynasty is one that people did not want to admit it existed. Xia ended with its leader being overthrown, imagine that. People can only put up with so much oppression. The monarch was a typical imbecile with money and power at his fingertips; he was overthrown. The Shang dynasty was ruled by a corrupt leader; he was overthrown. The longest lasting dynasty in China was the Zhou dynasty; they were in charge from 1027-221BC (www.google.com). A writing system and bronze metallurgy were invented. The king was assassinated by rebels (www.paulnoll.com). Power equals money which in turn, equals demise especially regarding dynasties. China dynasty rulers when overthrown are usually exiled or murdered. One Zhou ruler was overthrown and killed by rebel lords. With the royal line broken the power of the Zhou court gradually diminished (www.paulnoll.com/China/Dynasty-Zhou.html). The Qin dynasty was a ruthless one. They relied heavily on standardizing legal codes and bureaucratic procedures (www.paulnoll.com/China/Dynasty-Qin.html). Wow! One could say that China is communist due to this dynasty. What is it...
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...The comparisons between the Han and the Gupta Dynasties. During the Classical period the Han China and Mauryan and the Gupta India developed many methods of political control. Although these empires were located in different regions they both used, language, bureaucracy, and religion as a means of political control. Many of India’s religious beliefs and bureaucratic practices differed each other in relation to political control .Like Han China Classical India used their social structure system as a method of political control. Han China developed a social structure based on literacy, and India introduced a caste system. Literacy divided China educational wise so that lower classes were not capable of taking the Service Exam and the higher classes were qualified to take this exam and become bureaucrats. The Indian caste system based on skin color created the idea of racial division by placing the lighter skinned people in higher classes and the darker skinned people in lower classes. Both of these systems had a class that consisted of unskilled people. In China, these people were referred to as mean people. In India, these people, or the untouchables they were not considered a part of the caste system. These unskilled people were not slaves, but they were given jobs that the higher Page 2 of 2. classes did not prefer. This is how they mostly compare. The differences in the fall of the Han and Gupta dynasties. Han started to decline. The bureaucracy became...
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...Technology is an important part of civilization today. During their time, the Han dynasty and the Roman empire both used technology, but their views on it were different. While the Han dynasty thought highly of technology, especially the advancement of it, there were mixed opinions about technology in the Roman empire. The Han dynasty saw technology as an advancement that can help the government and the peasants. For example, during second century B.C.E., a Han government official wrote to other local officials concerning flood prevention (doc. 1). He gave details on how the waterways could be inspected to stop floodings in their district and how everyone can contribute to help China. He felt that technology was advanced enough to prevent floods and that it was not the technology that was lacking, but the organization of technology was. Another official, Huan Guan, wrote about how...
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...The period of the dynasty that unified China, the Sui Dynasty began the year 580 C.E. and lasted until 618 C.E. I was founded by an officer of the Northern Zhou, Yang Chien (Emperor Wen Ti), and his son and successor, Emperor Yang Ti. As an emperor, Wen Ti in his early actions restored the Buddhists rights, their clergy, and ended suppression of Daoism. Emperor Wen Ti achieved the unification of China during the Sui era, also the central government was reformed, institute the conscription of community servants from all ethnic and social classes; and established a uniform legal code that regulated land, taxes, rewards and reprimand, with the exception of the military all arms were ban. Northern and Southern China reunited, forced labor of men and women was used to build the Grand Canal, which "extended north from Hangzhou across the Yangzi to Yangzhou and then northwest to the region of Louyang"( ZenZuu – TAHITITI, n.d.). The Great Wall of China was fortified by the northern borders two capitals were restructuring, and another capital was built-in Yangchow. Confucianism began to reclaim recognition; and the noble classes increase their participation in society. After Wen Ti collapse, his son and successor, Emperor Yang Ti assumes the throne, with the support of his mother, the gentry and the military. Yang Ti was the opposite of his father, and was considering like taking over the imperial supremacy, and his reign was of extravagant spending, threatening and forcing his subedits...
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...What was life like during the Shang Dynasty, and what effect did writing have on Chinese culture and government? The Shang dynasty marks the beginning of recorded history in China. Scholars dissent about when the dynasty began, with opinions ranging from the mid 18th to the mid 16th century. Regardless of scholarly opinion on the matter, the Bronze Age was the defining event that heralded its beginning (Independence Hall Association of Philadelphia, 2014). Archaeological excavations offer a glimpse as to what life during this period was like. Shang kings were militaristic; class stratification and polytheism were inherent aspects of life during the Shang period. The advent of writing was a major Shang-period development – one which shaped...
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