...Effects of Population Density and Noise Population density is a term described as the ratio of people and organisms in relation to the size of the area they inhabit. This ratio is derived by taking the number of people in the given area and diving the number by the area occupied. As of the 2010 Census, there were 308,745,538 people in the United States. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). This means the population density is on average 87.4 people per square mile in the United States. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). Some states, like California and Florida have a density of 200 people per square mile. These figures are a prime example of crowding in many places. As population density increases, the noise from the population is going to increase especially in crowded areas. As people are moving into smaller and more confined areas, the ability to maintain their privacy and a sense of territoriality will change and be forced to adapt. In order to understand how population density truly affects people, the concepts of noise, privacy, territoriality, and personal space must be acknowledged and applied to the subject of populations. Territoriality, Privacy, and Personal Space Individuals will experience proximity or closeness with every other person in the world at one time or another. Proxemics is the actual term used when describing the person-environmental associations and covers the terms of territoriality, crowding, and personal space. Territoriality The term territoriality...
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...people being questioned, we as people can all relate to the need for clear and distinct territories, a sense of privacy and a desire for personal space, however as individuals we all experience the same events and situations entirely differently, depending on such factors as pervious experiences, personality type, cultural influences, age, socio-economic status, gender, etc. When taking into account the above referenced “factors” a clear and distinct definition of the key concepts , being discussed, is in order. Territory, Privacy, and Personal Space: Concepts such as Territory, privacy, and personal space take on a new meaning in relation to the ever-increasing population density. Here we take a brief look at the definition of each concept, as well as how each concept relates to high-density populations. Territory: The term territory refers to an area of land under the ruler ship or jurisdictions of a governing power (weibster.com). A similar term called, Territoriality refers to manner in which both Humans as well as animals utilize and defend, usually via physical acts of aggression, their physical space. (Territoriality, 2004). According to Abu-Ghazzeh (2000) “no area can be called a territory unless it is characterized by its owner's personal means of identification and unless it constitutes a component of the social behavior of its related group” (para. 1). What this means is that, behaviors are the catalyst to what truly define territory, not geographic location...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper Your Name PSY460 Date Instructor Name The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper * Concepts of Territoriality, Privacy, and Personal Space Territoriality refers to a limited district for a person or animal and the tendency to defend an area of territory (Oxford, 1042); whereas personal, or one’ private space indicates the region humans or animals designate as their own. The relationship between the thoughts of territoriality, privacy, and personal personal space to population mass is associated with behavior. For example, Rubenstein (1980) examined changes in population mass and supply patterns, and noted how these changes affects the hostile behavior of the small sunfish. According to Rubenstein, the means by which small sunfish contend for nourishment is swayed by the mass of the inhabitants, the dispersal of victims, and the gender domination position of a person. Studies on territorial rights showed that Increases in prey dispersion reduced the proportion of battles over possessions in both low and high mass populations (Morrell & Koko, 200). Morrell & Koko sought to explain how animals establish territorial ownership, which is viewed as a major determinant of fitness in territorial animals. Some other behavioral characteristics associated with the establishment of territories include: (a) subordinates initiate fights over resources; (b) initiators are unlikely to contest prey in low mass inhabitants;...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper The population density of the world has grown so fast over the last years, this is all do to the population rate of the world. When you think of population density it is the amount of people numerically that have settled in a specific area. I was reading the census website and found out that nearly 70 people are occupying per square mile of the world. Issues that have occurred with population density that have caused problems with the world are minimal privacy, excess population, and pollution. Issues that occur also with population density affect everyone around it and the environment, noise is a dominant problem. Due to the matter of population density there is now another problem that is being caused by it which is noise production, especially in high density areas. Then when areas that are populated continue to grow the people that are living in them will chose to move somewhere else to gain some type of privacy. In my paper I will describe the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space. Examine how the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space have become increasingly important as populations become denser. I will clarify the effect nature has on individuals living in urban environment. Describe the concept of noise and examine the effect that it has on individuals. Finally I will examine at least two strategies that can be used to...
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...Environmental Psychology Week 3: Individual Assignment The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper “A man's home is his castle” always has been an English common law for centuries, and is even a saying that is very familiar among many individuals within today’s society. In addition, individuals within today’s society have created numerous ways of defending what they may consider to be their own land, turf, or spread. This allows others to understand the difference or features conscientiously labeled among territory of an individual, which is considered private property and opened territory meant to be shared by a group that is public property. This paper will attempt to define and explain the concepts of territorial, privacy, and personal space. Even though society views these terms as somewhat similar to each other, they are very distinct in their own respected way. Territoriality is defined as a “persistent attachment to a specific territory: the pattern of behavior associated with the defense of a territory” (Merriam-Webster, 2011). This basically means that territoriality is viewed as a behavior in which a species lays claim to an area and shields it against members of its own species. Various key functions are expressed in territoriality, for instance it confirms the procreation of the species by regulating density as well as providing an outline in how things are simply done. Proper spacing is vital because it protects the species against over-exploitation...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper PSY460 Introduction Living different types of lifestyles can be from being raised in an urban or rural environment. Daily stressors are formed from the simplest things in life to the most over populated part of a city. During this paper we are able to learn about the concept of each affects that territory, privacy and personal spaces. How nature can affect the way of living to urban areas or how it can help other areas in the urban city. Noise to most people can be understanding and yet very draining depending on the situation. Learning about different environments makes a better understanding of how each person reflects on life and how they live it. Territory A territorial area is what is most important to humans, their property that they want to keep secluded from others. This is easily the privacy and personal space of humans that the owner wants others to see being territorial ties into all aspect s of privacy and personal. Not only are humans territorial but so are animals. There are many different signs for animals to show another animals territory. With birds singing, bears making claw marks in the trees to cats peeing to mark their territory making others know where they stand. As the cultures of others become to clash and become different is when people start to mark they land, they property making it know that what once was welcomed is not trespassing. Most people who have territory make it know with sign...
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...The Effects of Population Density (PSY460) The Effects of Population DensityThe term population density is described as little more than the ratio of organisms to the size of an area (Xpeditions, 2008). This ratio is determined by taking the number of people in a given area and dividing that number by the area they occupy. As of the last U.S. census, the average population density of the United States was 70 people per square mile (Xpeditions, 2008). This is just an objective fact though and has little, if any, applicability to the average American’s daily life. However, when issues of excess population noise and decreased privacy are taken into account the subjective perception of population density meets the objective fact of population density. As population density increases so does the noise that the population produces, especially in crowded areas. Likewise, as people move to a more confined area the ability to maintain privacy and a sense of territoriality adapts and changes. To fully understand how population density affects individual people, the concepts of noise, privacy, territoriality, and personal space must be covered and the relevance of these concepts—and mediation thereof—must be applied to the subject of populations. NoiseNoise is in the ear of the beholder, or so it would seem. Strictly speaking, noise is any sound—a wave that travel through an air medium—that is unwanted or interferes with the normal transmission of acoustic information (Arkkelin & Veitch...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise The Effects of Population Density and Noise Today this paper will be describing and analyzing some of the effects that things like population density, noise, territoriality, privacy, and personal space effects individuals. There will be details as to why personal space, privacy, and territoriality have become increasingly important. There will also be a discussion or at least an explanation as to why populations have become denser. There will also be included a brief clarification on how places like Zoo’s. Parks and gardens might affect individuals living in urban areas of environment. Lastly there will be at least two different strategies expressed, which can be used to reduce some of the noise that may be in one’s environment. Population density is also one’s behavioral relations, which comes from one’s foundation of how the concept of privacy is essential. When one thinks of privacy, it is sometimes broken down as an individual’s rights. With privacy each individual would have the right to make known what he or she might want, one would also have the right to now allow any information such as personal information to be let out to the public or other individuals, or what could be accessed by other people. Population density is a certain amount of people that live in any given area of the world. Population density will measure how many people are living in places like towns, cities, states, and countries...
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...Krista Jex PSY/460 01/31/2012 Dr. Thomas Population density has grown throughout the years. The population rate of the world has increased. When we count the amount of people who settle in specific areas, that is how we determine population density. Having minimal privacy is something that people do not like to be a part of. Privacy is important because it allows a person to have their identity without other’s always in their business. Pollution and excess population can cause chaos and problems in the world. Everyone around is affected by their environment and noise can be a dominant factor and problem. In high density areas noise production is another problem. When certain areas grow, the people who live in the overly populated places will start to migrate somewhere else to gain some type of privacy. In my paper I will describe the territoriality, privacy, and personal space, how it becomes denser, the effect of nature has on individual’s living in urban environments, the concept of noise and examining the effect it has on individuals. Finally, I will examine at least two strategies that can be used to reduce noise in the workplace or in the living environment. Privacy is essential because that is the foundation of behavior relations. Privacy is our right and it is essential. There are many reasons as to why privacy...
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...Population Density Brian Jolley Psy 460 July 9, 2012 George Lawrence-Ell Intro Population density is a term used to describe the number of organisms that live in a given area. The ratio organisms to the size of the area are determined by dividing the number of people by the size of the area that they occupied. Currently the average population density in the United States of America is about 73 individuals per square mile. This number is the average for the entire United States but there are areas of that far exceed that average. Population density can have a profound effect on the daily life of average Americans. A town with 20 people per square mile will have different issues than a place such as Guttenberg New Jersey which has 58,000 people per square mile. Areas with high population density can have issues such as decreased privacy and excessive population noise. In most cases, as population density increases, that larger population will produce more noise and more areas will be crowded. Individuals that live in areas where high population density exist also have a harder time maintaining privacy, so person's territorial tendencies must change and adapt. In order to fully grasp the concept of how population density affects the average person the concepts of personal space and privacy, territoriality, and noise must be understood. Noise The idea of noise is very subjective issue. What is considered noise to one person can be music to another person...
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...The Effects of Population Density and Noise Toni Kubitscheck University of Phoenix Environmental Psychology PSY/460 Cheryl Sanders December 07, 2011 The Effects of Population Density and Noise WHAT??? Speak up, there are so many people in here and it is so loud… In analyzing the effects that nose and population density have on the human race, it is not uncommon for people to be affected in many different and negative ways. However, there are a vast number of negative factors that affect individuals in either their work or home environments such as: noise, population changes, territoriality issues, privacy, and personal space issues just to name a few, there can be just as many positive impacts as well. As population becomes denser or increases it is only natural that noise pollution is going to increase too, and along with the increase in population and noise, concepts of trust, privacy and personal space issues increase. The effects of these issues become increasingly negative. However, there are factors within personal environments that increase positive impacts upon individuals, for instance in every city, county and state there are parks, nature trails, zoos, and other wonderful environments within bigger environments that people can utilize to counter balance the negative impacts. Concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space are all cognitive processes that portray ownership including; places, possessions, and even people. Therefore, with the growth...
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...The effects of populations and noise go hand-in-hand, or have a cause and effect relationship. If there are larger amounts of people in a smaller space, there will be more noise. The amount of noise a human can tolerate changes from each person’s own perspective. Most people have a desired level of noise, and a desired amount of personal boundaries. Cultural factors affect the way human beings determine what is appropriate personal space, or what is uncomfortable for each individual. Environment has a huge impact on what one considers privacy. The comfort level in which individuals interpret their own privacy varies, also has to do with how one is brought up and what their personal culture has taught him or her or privacy. For example, in certain cultures the people feel it is appropriate to keep the women covered up as much as possible. Traditional Muslims wear head pieces that cover everything except their eyes. African tribal groups will show their women wearing next to nothing, they may have their breasts exposed or it may be customary for the whole tribal community to wear nothing at all. If there is no stigma taught by the social norms of that society, then the people do not feel as though they are exposing themselves. Individuals are a product of their environment. If what they are doing is taught to be right, then they will not have the feeling that they are doing something wrong. Human territoriality is the predisposed feeling to control one’s own surroundings and...
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...400- to 1,650-word paper in which you analyze the effect of population density and noise on individuals. As a part of your analysis be sure to address the following items: Describe the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space. Examine how the concepts of territoriality, privacy, and personal space have become increasingly important as populations become denser. Clarify the effect nature (e.g., zoos, parks, gardens) has on individuals living in urban environments. Describe the concept of noise and examine the effect that it has on individuals. Examine at least two strategies that can be used to reduce noise in the workplace or in the living environment. The Effects of Population Density and Noise Paper The first line of strategy is to do what an individual can do to minimize the noise pollution he or she can control in their environment. For instance, if an individual lives next to a noisy freeway or airport, he or she can invest in double panel windows in their home (cite). The double panel windows action server two purposes, one purpose is keep the noise out and the purpose is keep the hot sun and cold winter out (cite). For example in the home individual can control noise pollution by their home by turn off television when not been watched and radio and stereo at low volume. Another strategy to minimize or reduce noise pollution is to try to minimize noises directly from the source. In the workplace or industries...
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...When it comes to population density it is really just the ratio of the people to a size of the area. This is figured out by the number of people dividing it by the area that they are occupying. When the last Census happened the USA had over 70 people with in the square mile. (Xpeditions, 2008). When you take into consideration of people, you have noise, and the privacy is decreased, and people become very irritable. When the population goes up, the noise that the people are producing goes up. This means that more and more people tend to spread outward to the more quiet areas, causing those areas to become denser than they were before. When it comes to the word noise, this is really just unwanted sound. There is loudness that is measured with the decibel scale. The higher the decibel the more “Noise” the more it can damage the ear or even irritate the person. When a person is living in an over-populated area they have a lot of things in the area that can cause the noise pollution. There are cars, trains, music, traffic, and of course other people. Each person is different on how they perceive of what noise is. What might be noise to one person may not be considered noise to the other person. There is one constant though. The higher the decibel the more damage it can do to the person and cause permanent hearing loss. Persons who are living in a high noise polluted area are also affected by it both psychological and the physiological damage. This can affect the person with the...
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...habitat or spatial arrangement. Examples of presence-absence methods include: analyzing tracks or imprints, tracking tubes, anecdotal reports, and consulting historical records or museum samples. Abundance estimates provide researchers with the number of individuals of a species within an area. Techniques to quantify abundance include: cameras, transects, point counts, road-kill surveys, numerous trapping methods, and several tracking devices. Presence-absence data collection tends to be considerably less expensive than abundance data collection; however, abundance data provides more information. Tracks refer to the imprints left behind by an animal after it walks over a substrate. While tracks do not provide a reliable estimate of density, they do, however, indicate that a species is present in a particular area. A drawback of utilizing tracks to determine presence-absence is that they are not preserved for long periods of time. Depending on the environment, tracks can be damaged or destroyed if say a climatic event like a...
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