...story of forest fires is: What exactly is fire? This question can simply be answered that it is a chemical reaction involving fuel, oxygen and heat. The molecules of a combustible substance move around at an ever more rapid pace as the substance heats until it ultimately combusts totally. When this combustion takes place, the chemicals in whatever substance is being heated are broken down and combined with the oxygen present in the air, with the substance acting as the fuel. This combination causes two things to occur, heat and light, which is essentially fire. The intensity of fire is determined by the amount of fuel present, and as the heat increases, so does the rate of its spreading to other fuel sources. The next question to ponder is: What is the cause of forest fires? While the famous “Smokey the Bear” may tell us that only we can stop forest fires, the truth is that the overwhelming majority of forest fires are caused by lightning. There are other natural causes that can spark forest fires as well. Falling rocks can cause small sparks to be created, which in turn can light piles of dried out kindling such as twigs. Superheated lava from volcanoes can also engulf nearby forests, as can the superheated air caused by an eruption. However, as we all know humans can also cause forest fires. Sometimes these fires are started by accident, and sometimes on purpose. There is a myriad of different fuels that allow a forest fire to burn. The typical fuels that fires consume in a...
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...The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, and its effect on labor. In contrast to modern day, Unions during the industrial revolution lived up to the era, and through demonstrations, strikes, and tragedies, were revolutionized. Making the workplace safer, hospitable, and bringing an end to the horrors seen through tragedy and scandal. Upton Sinclair’s tell-all book “The Jungle” brought the inhumane conditions in the meat packing industry, and gave people an inside look into the day-to-day operations of a factory cloaked in scandal, and expelling filth and disease through out the populations. While such tragedies such as the Triangle Shirt Waist Factory Fire of 1911, brought to the masses another look into what these extreme conditions can do for production, and its employee’s well being. These factors contributed to reforms in the way America does business. The modern union was born, and in its infancy proposed the basis of the way we work to this day. The industrial revolution brought the United States into a technological and production level that helped to bring the US into the world stage as an economic super power. However, this technology and ramp up in production resulted in poor working conditions, the exploiting of children, meager wages, and a sense that the inhumane was routine and normal. The story of a building thought to be completely and safe with state of the art fireproofing and “their owners put had their trust in that.” ("141 men and," 1911) However at about...
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...The Ecological Effects of Fires When the topic of forest fires is ever referred to, it is in the context of the bush fires in Australia and they’re reacted to in the same way as natural disasters such as earthquakes or tidal waves, i.e. they are considered unpredictable, however on the contrary, forest fires can be predictable and with strict, proper planning and management, the effects of fires can be hugely reduced. As is the custom, the public’s view of fire in a stand would be one of an aesthetic nature; this quite is relevant but the fallout of a fire stretches beyond the “look” of the forest but the future the development and being of the trees and the ever important ecological make up of the soil come into question. In this essay, I will look into ways in which fire affects not only humans, but our surroundings and also the other co-inhabitants of earth, i.e. animals and other organisms. Occurrence If a fire is to start, within the same locality there must exist the combination of a heat source, a fuel and an oxidizing agent. The heat source causes the general temperature of the fuel to rise; it eventually reaches a certain point, called the ignition threshold. At this temperature the fuel (vegetation) releases a flammable gas that is highly consumable as fuel. This fuel the reacts with the oxygen from the oxidizing agent in a process known as “flaming combustion”, a releasing a large quantity of heat, so all in all, the fire can only spread when ignition has already...
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...Consumer fire safety: European statistics and potential fire safety measures Versie: 431N8032/3.0, January 2009 This research study has been commissioned by the Consumer Council at the Austrian Standards Institute and was funded by the Austrian Ministry for Labour, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection. Netherlands Institute for Safety Nibra P.O. Box 7010 6801 HA Arnhem The Netherlands T +31 (0)26 355 24 00 F +31 (0)26 351 50 51 info@nifv.nl Consumer fire safety: European statistics and potential fire safety measures This research study has been commissioned by the Consumer Council at the Austrian Standards Institute and was funded by the Austrian Ministry for Labour, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection. Netherlands Institute for Safety Nibra: We develop expertise, contribute towards the professional development of the fire service, medical assistance in accidents and disasters and crisis management, and thereby enhance physical safety. Consumer fire safety: European statistics and potential fire safety measures Colophon Client: Contact: Title: Consumer Council, Austrian Standards Institute Heinestrasse 38, 1020 Vienna, Austria Dr. F. Fiala Consumer fire safety:European statistics and potential fire safety measures January 2009 Final report 3.0 431N8032 M. Kobes, MSc, BBE, MIFireE K. Groenewegen - Ter Morsche, MSc Dr. M.G. Duyvis Dr. J.G. Post (Head of the Research Department NIFV) Date: Status: Version: Project number: Authors: Project leader:...
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...the first potion you'll need to brew before you can get to the more interesting ones is the Awkward Potion. The primary ingredient for this is a Nether Wart. You can then add additional ingredients to the Awkward Potion such as Sugar or a Ghast Tear to create a useful potion. Creating a potion by starting with any other ingredient results in either Mundane or Thick Potions that are essentially useless right now and can only be used to create a Potion of Weakness after combining the Mundane/Thick Potion with a Fermented Spider Eye. If you need a Potion of Weakness, it is best to just start with the Fermented Spider Eye. INGREDIENTS Starting Ingredients Nether Wart Fermented Spider Eye Additional Ingredients Effects Blaze Fire -...
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...A wildfire is an instance of uncontrolled burning in grasslands,brush,or woodland. Wildfires are called many names. Wildfires are called wildland fire, forest fire, vegetation fire,grass fire,peat fire, bushfire in Australia, or a hill fire. Wildfires begin unnoticed, but they move quickly setting everything in their path on fire. Wildfires are 90% started by human activities. Some are also caused by lightning, human carelessness,arson,and lava. Four out of five wildfires are started by people. Wildfires can occur anywhere, but they are most common in forest areas. “Wildfires are also common in grassland and shrublands.” Firefighters have ways to putting out these instance fires. Firefighters also have tools that they use to put out these...
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...community is currently experiencing a forest fire that has lasted for the past five days while destroying huge acres of land and is nearing its town. The efforts to fight the fire are characterized by the battles of firefighters to control the forest fire, health care workers trying to keep patients breathing, and city officials asking citizens to stay indoors. The forest fire in Neighborhood Community is an example of the need for a community to effectively to prepare and respond to emergencies. Summary of the Events As a community located near a forest and along the river bank, Neighborhood community is hugely affected by the dangerous forest fire destroying several acres of land. The smoky condition of the air from the forest fire is affecting residents with pre-existing lung problems suffering the most. As health care professionals are doing all they can to help keep patients breathing, the firefighters are fighting to gain control of the forest fire. The residents are urged to stay indoors by the city officials unless it is associated with the winds blowing the smoke toward the town. Moreover, these officials have also notified the residents that they will inform them of a new plan if the fire advances toward the town. Some of the major areas that are affected by this incident in the community include: The Hospital The local hospital in Neighborhood community is filled with patients who are affected by the smoke’s fire. As a result, the hospital’s emergency department...
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...will be more combustible fuels for fires to feed off of. Effects of the combination could mean larger and hotter crown fires in forests infected by bark...
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...The novel “The Big Burn: Teddy Roosevelt and the Fire that Saved America” by Timothy Egan, discusses many conservational topics that occurred during the presidency of Teddy Roosevelt. It highlights many of the significant conservation efforts of Teddy Roosevelt during his term of presidency, and the government’s efforts to buy land for conservation after the fire of 1910. As a result of the fire and the bill passing over twenty million acres in the East were purchased and acquired by the federal and state governments and made part of the national forest system. Many of these areas included the woods along Appalachians, the Smoky Mountains. A large part of the novel gives a detailed account of the fire as if it was based on first person account,...
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...Fire Sales: An Overview “The term “fire sale” has been around since the nineteenth century to describe firms selling smoke-damaged goods at cut rate prices in the aftermath of a fire” (Shleifer 2011). In the fields of economics and finance, “fire sale” has been adopted to describe the distressed sales of assets at prices well below their true value. This deviation of asset price is a key amplifier during financial crisis and often acts as a contagion, spreading illiquidity problems to firms in similar industries (Caballero 2009). In the 2008 crisis, large losses for a bank would force this bank to sell assets at distressed prices. This process would force other banks to re-value the same assets at a lower price and would cause them to sell these assets and prices below fundamental value, incurring losses (French 2010). “Compared to non-bank, bank failure contagion [as a result of distressed sales] appears faster; is more likely to spread to a larger proportion of the industry; is likely to lead to a larger percentage of failures, and is more likely to spill over to other sectors”(Kaufman 1994). Fire sales typically occur in a single firm and then the decreased liquidity cascades to other firms in the same industry. In the case of financial institutions, fire sales often spread to other sectors of the economy as well. Fire sales can be thought of as positive feedback loops; financial distress forces firms to sell assets, which causes the prices of these assets to depreciate...
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...animals en route to shelter. Emergency preparedness is pertinent for every community because it could be a life-threatening situation. Summary of the event that took place at the Neighborhood community as read under the course materials section in the newspaper articles and scenarios in the Pearson Health Science Neighborhood in season two, episode five from University of Phoenix student website. The Neighborhood has a population of 64,200, localized close to a forest and beside the bank of a river. The community has been experiencing fire out-break for five days and had caused irreversible damage to the land, it has destroyed huge acres of land and may be a threat to the town because of the windy climate. The people are developing respiratory problems because of the fire’s closeness to the city. The city officials are stipulating everyone in the community to remain indoor except it is necessary to do so because of the air pollution from the smoke. The fire fighters are...
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...technique. In “The Neighborhood” community, there was an emergency, forest fires, which left the residents to experience unfortunate residual respiratory effects. The many that suffered include patients and staff in the hospital, senior center, school, and the Bley household. According to the community news in “The Neighborhood,” there have been forest fires “for over five days, while unable to contain.” The fire has been destroying the land for five days and is quite difficult to extinguish. There are many disadvantages to forest fires such as damaging the land, producing air pollution, and exacerbating respiratory distress in patients. “The smokey air conditions affect everyone but especially those with pre-existing lung problems such as chronic lung conditions.” The forest fires are creating stress on the hospital. There is an alarming increase in emergency room visits due to patients experiencing respiratory distress. The emergency department is requesting beds on the medical-surgical floor to admit patients, “but none are available, so there is pressure to get patients discharged.” It is distressing to the staff working on the medical-surgical floor because they are “kept very busy admitting new patients as soon as others are discharged.” Some nurses were even forced to work over-time to provide adequate staff coverage to meet the increasing client numbers. The problems produced from the forest fire continue in the senior center and the school. The individuals in the...
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...Fire Alarm System Research – Where it’s been and where it’s going Wayne D. Moore, P.E., FSFPE Principal Hughes Associates, Inc. 2374 Post Road, Suite 102 Warwick, RI 02886 401-736-8992 Fire Alarm System Research We’ve Come A Long Way!....Or Have We? First Alarms - roving watchmen using hand bell-ringers or church sextons ringing church bells or factory steam whistles Telegraph Invented by Sam Morse in 1840s From the beginning of recorded history people have learned that early response to fires had positive results in controlling those fires. When someone discovered a fire the fire brigades and fire departments were alerted by roving watchmen using hand bell-ringers or church sextons ringing church bells or factory steam whistles. Unfortunately these systems did not provide very much detail and often directed the fire department to the wrong location. But with the advent of the telegraph, invented in the early 1840’s by Samuel F. B. Morse, firefighters were given a faster and more accurate fire reporting system. In 1847, New York became the first American city to begin construction of a municipal fire alarm system required by ordinance “to construct a line of telegraph, by setting posts in the ground, … for communicating alarms of fire from the City Hall to different fire stations, and [to] instruct the different bell-ringers in the use of said invention.” March 1851 Channing/Farmer Municipal Fire Alarm System Installed in Boston April...
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...Shouting "Fire!" by Alan M. Dershowitz ..... hen the Reverend Jerry Falwell learned that the Supreme Court had reversed his $200,000 judgment against Hustler magazine for the emotional distress that he had suffered from an outrageous parody, his response was typical of those who seek to censor speech: "Just as no person may scream 'Fire!' in a crowded theater when there is no fire, and find cover under the First Amendment, likewise, no sleazy merchant like Larry Flynt should be able to use the First Amendment as an excuse for maliciously and dishonestly attacking public figures, as he has so often done." Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes's classic example of unprotected speech—falsely shouting "Fire!" in a crowded theater—has been invoked so often, by so many people, in such diverse contexts, that it has become part of our national folk language. It has even appeared—most appropriately—in the theater: in Tom Stoppard's play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead a character shouts at the audience, "Fire!" He then quickly explains: "It's all right—I'm demonstrating the misuse of free speech." Shouting "Fire!" in the theater may well be the only jurisprudential analogy that has assumed the status of a folk argument. A prominent historian recently characterized it as "the most brilliantly persuasive expression that ever came from Holmes' pen." But in spite of its hallowed position in both the jurisprudence of the First Amendment and the arsenal of political discourse...
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...Safety and Security Risk Contrena Wright HR/554 May 12, 2013 Dr. Shane Howell Safety and Security Risk Safety and security risk occurs in every industry of work. In order for Wal-Mart to safeguard their business in safety and risk they have to initiate a good safety training assessments and have a good security plan in effect. Every risk cannot be avoid the goal is to have the right plans and strategies in effect to prevent injuries from happening. Such as robbery, theft, slip and falls, fire hazards, and employee sprains or strains. Wal-Mart is a global retailer that sells more than one product, which means they have more than on safety and security risk assessment. Below are a few security and safety risks plans for food, security, slip and falls, sprain or strains, and fire safety hazards. Walmart is using better suppliers when it comes the safety of their food products. Walmart requires that their food suppliers be certified by safety programs under the umbrella of the Global Food Safety Initiative. To help with its food safety and security risk Wal-Mart takes that extra mile ensuring that their food is harmonized and leading-edge food safety standards throughout the entire food production chain ("Food and Safety", 2012). Walmart has trained employees to handle cold and hot foods correctly. To ensure that all food products bought and sold by Wal-Mart is handled, stored, cooked, and properly packaged. Wal-Mart uses guidelines given from the U.S. Food and Drug...
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