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The End of the Party

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Submitted By tamphan
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Họ và Tên: PHAN THỊ THANH TÂM
Trường: ĐẠI HỌC HOA SEN
Đại đội 7 – Tiểu đội 7
BÀI THU HOẠCH 1. Nguồn gốc của chiến tranh theo quan điểm của chủ nghĩa Mác – Lênin : • Chiến tranh là một hiện tượng chính trị - xã hội: - Các quan điểm trước Mác: Có nhiều nhà tư tưởng đã đề cập đến vấn đề này song nổi bật nhất là tư tưởng của C.Ph.Claudơvít (1780 - 1831), ông quan niệm chiến tranh là một hành vi bạo lực dùng để buộc đối phương phục tùng ý chí của mình. Chiến tranh là sự huy động sức mạnh không hạn độ, sức mạnh đến tột cùng của các bên tham chiến.Tuy nhiên, Claudơvít chỉ chỉ ra được đặc trưng của chiến tranh là sử dụng bạo lực mà chưa luận giải được bản chất của hành vi bạo lực ấy. - Quan điểm của chủ nghĩa Mác: Chiến tranh là hiện tượng chính trị xã hội có tính lịch sử, đó là cuộc đấu tranh vũ trang có tổ chức giữa các giai cấp, nhà nước (hoặc liên minh giữa các nước) nhằm đạt được mục đích chính trị nhất định. - Như vậy theo quan điểm của chủ nghĩa Mác – Lênin, chiến tranh là kết quả của những mối quan hệ giữa người với người trong xã hội. Nhưng nó không phải là mối quan hệ giữa người với người nói chung, mà nó là mối quan hệ giữa những tập đoàn người có lợi ích cơ bản đối lập nhau. Nhưng khác với các hiện tượng chính trị - xã hội khác, chiến tranh được thể hiện dưới một hình thức đặc biệt, sử dụng một công cụ đặc biệt đó là bạo lực vũ trang. • Nguồn gốc nảy sinh chiến tranh: – Chủ nghĩa Mác – Lênin khẳng định: sự xuất hiện và tồn tại của chế độ chiếm hữu tư nhân về tư liệu sản xuất là nguồn gốc sâu xa (nguồn gốc kinh tế), suy đến cùng đã dẫn đến sự xuất hiện, tồn tại của chiến tranh. Đồng thời sự xuất hiện và tồn tại của giai cấp và đối kháng giai cấp là nguồn gốc trực tiếp (nguồn gốc xã hội) dẫn đến sự xuất hiện, tồn tại của chiến tranh. – Ph. Ăngghen đã chỉ rõ: khi chế độ chiếm hữu tư nhân về tư liệu sản xuất xuất hiện và cùng với nó là sự ra đời và tồn tại của giai cấp, tầng lớp áp bức bóc lột thì chiến tranh ra đời và tồn tại như một tất yếu khách quan. Chế độ áp bức bóc lột càng hoàn thiện thì chiến tranh càng phát triển. Chiến tranh trở thành “bạn đường” của mọi chế độ tư hữu. – Lênin đã phát triển những luận điểm của C. Mác và Ph. Ăngghen về chiến tranh trong điều kiện lịch sử mới: trong thời đại ngày nay cò chủ nghĩa đế quốc còn nguy cơ xảy ra chiến tranh, chiến tranh là bạn đường của chủ nghĩa đế quốc Như vậy, chiến tranh có nguồn gốc từ chế độ chiếm hữu tư nhân về tư liệu sản xuất, có đối kháng giai cấp và áp bức bóc lột, chiến tranh không phải là một định mệnh gắn liền với con người và xã hội loài người. Muốn xoá bỏ chiến tranh phải xoá bỏ nguồn gốc sinh ra nó. • Bản chất chiến tranh: ← Theo Lênin: Chiến tranh là sự tiếp tục của chính trị bằng những biện pháp khác (cụ thể là bằng bạo lực) – Chiến tranh chỉ là một thời đoạn, một bộ phận của chính trị, nó không làm gián đoạn chính trị. Mọi chức năng, nhiệm vụ của chính trị đều được tiếp tục thực hiện trong chiến tranh. Giữa chiến tranh và chính trị có mối quan hệ chặt chẽ với nhau trong đó chính trị chi phối và quyết định toàn bộ tiến trình và kết cục chiến tranh, chính trị chỉ đạo toàn bộ hoặc phần lớn tiến trình và kết cục chiến tranh, chính trị qui định mục tiêu và điều chỉnh mục tiêu, hình thức tiến hành đấu tranh vũ trang. Chính trị không chỉ kiểm tra toàn bộ quá trình tác chiến mà còn sử dụng kết quả sau. 2. Chủ nghĩa đế quốc luôn muốn gây chiến tranh vì: – Các nước đế quốc phần lớn muốn gây chiến tranh với mục đích lớn nhất là mở rộng lãnh thổ, cướp tài nguyên của các nước khác, bóc lột và khai thác nguồn nhân lực của các nước đó nhằm làm giàu thêm cho chính quốc bên cạnh việc truyền bá các quan điểm, giá trị của phương thức sản xuất tư bản chủ nghĩa – Ngoài ra, dựa vào chiến tranh, các nước đế quốc còn có thể bán được vũ khí, đóng góp một phần rất lớn vào ngân sách nhà nước của chúng. – Chúng gây chiến tranh vì muốn đẩy lùi, tiêu diệt các nước theo đường lối Chủ nghĩa xã hội, với tham vọng bá quyền, trở thành bá chủ của thế giới. – Các nước đế quốc gây chiến tranh với tham vọng tạo thêm được nhiều vùng ảnh hưởng, có thêm thuộc địa và chia lại thị trường thế giới tương xứng với tiềm lực cường quốc thế giới của mình. – Một số nước đế quốc lại muốn tạo chiến tranh nhằm thoát khỏi sự kiềm tỏa của các nước đế quốc mạnh hơn, chúng muốn có một vai trò và tiếng nói lớn hơn trong khu vực và trên cả thế giới. – Chúng phải gây chiến tranh để bành trướng thế lực, củng cố địa vị về chính trị cũng như xã hội trong mắt cả thế giới vừa để hưởng nguồn lợi tài chính từ các nước bị đô hộ, giải quyết một số vấn đề xã hội phát sinh từ chính đất nước của mình (như bùng nổ dân số chẳng hạn) bên cạnh việc khoe khoang sức mạnh quân sự của chúng. 3. Một số ví dụ các cuộc chiến tranh: • Chiến tranh thế giới thứ 2: Quân Phát xít với học thuyết dân tộc thượng đẳng, cho mình là bá chủ thế giới, tuyên truyền rằng mình là đội quân chính nghĩa đi làm trong sạch thế giới. Tuy nhiên, hành động của chúng chẳng làm ai tin tưởng-> phi nghĩa. Quân Liên Xô chống lại chúng với danh nghĩa quân Đồng Minh giải phóng các vùng đất bị Đức chiếm, giải phóng nhân dân khỏi ách phát xít. Hành động thực tế của họ làm người dân tin tưởng và đi theo, bất chấp tuyên truyền của Đức. Và lịch sử đã vinh danh họ là những người chống phát xít, là những người chính nghĩa. • Cuộc chiến tranh VN: Pháp với tuyên truyền là "Khai hóa VN", Mỹ là giọng điệu "Giải phóng miền Nam khỏi Bắc cộng". Tuy nhiên, hành động thực tế của chúng lại đi ngược lại những gì chúng nói. Pháp thì nô dịch VN. Mỹ thì giết người VN. Hành động đó làm người dân phẫn nộ. Họ cho rằng chính người Pháp và Mỹ phát động chiến tranh xâm lược phi nghĩa và nổi dậy đấu tranh. Trong khi đó, quân đội miền Bắc chỉ đánh vào quân Mỹ, giết Mỹ và tay sai chứ không làm tổn hại nhân dân. Hành động thực tế này được nhân dân tin tưởng, đùm bọc và bảo vệ. Chính người dân đưa ra phán xét rằng quân Bắc Việt tiến hành chiến tranh chính nghĩa và ủng hộ. • Mỹ tiến hành cuộc chiến tranh phi nghĩa ở Irad nhằm chiếm đoạt trữ lượng dầu mỏ khổng lồ của đất nước này. •

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...goes out with new friends to a party and stays out past her curfew. There were many factors that contributed to Sarah’s attitude about her curfew. Her new friends had just invited her to go to a party. In the scenario it said that Sarah had never been to a party before, and that she also wanted her new friends to continue to invite her out places with them. All these factors contributed to Sarah breaking her curfew and going to the party with her new friends. 2. In what ways did Sarah display cognitive dissonance? Throughout the scenario Sarah’s actions displayed cognitive dissonance. The main example of this was her actually going to the party with her friends. She thought it over in the scenario and knew breaking her curfew was the wrong thing to do yet still went out to the party. 3. In what situations did Sarah conform to her peers’ beliefs, and how? What are some possible reasons that Sarah did this? There were many ways that Sarah conformed to her new friends beliefs. Staying out was the new friends idea. Going to the party is something she really wanted to do and her new friends made it seem really fun and important to do. At the end of the night she left with her friends also once the fight broke out between two boys that were there. I believe the main reason Sarah conformed to her new friends’ ways was because she wanted to fit in with them. Also there is peer pressure. The girls told her she would “miss out” on the party and kind of had a hand in Sarah...

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...American society witnessed a great change during the 19th century from an agricultural economy to the industrial one. However, this change imposed great challenges for farmer in the United Stated, and they formed a political party called the Populist Party. This paper will investigate what problems the Populist encountered and what solutions they offered. The Populist Party, as the third party in the United Stated, was aimed to put the interest of farmers in the public arena. This party was formed as a response to the industrial revolution and improvement of production that resulted in excessive supply of food and a dramatic reduction in the price of crops. The deflation in price led farmers to grow as much as they could, since they were taught...

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