...Ethics in business have been closely associated with corporate governance. Corporate governance is more of a social relationships rather than process orientated structure. Business process should also focus on other critical factors such as legislation, culture and institutional contexts. Corporate governance is constantly changing and evolving and changes are driven by both internal and external environmental dynamics. An effective and good corporate governance cannot be explained by one theory but it is best to combine a variation of theories, addressing not only the social relationships but also emphasize on the rules and legislation and stricter enforcement surrounding good governance practice and going beyond the norms of a mechanical approach towards corporate governance. Corporate governance theories emphasizes on empathy, healthy social relationship, loving care for each other and the avoidance of harm. In an organization, to care for one another is a social concern and not merely a profit centred motive. Ethics has also to be seen in the light of the environment in which it is exercised. This is important as an organization is a network of actions, hence influencing trans communal levels and interactions (Casey, 2006). Resource Dependency Theory is one the corporate governance theories that would be discussed below. Resource Dependency theory was originated in the 1970s with the publication of The External Control of Organisations: A Resource Dependence Perspective by...
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...|Meta Ethics |Conscience |Free Will and Determinism |Virtue Ethics |Environment/Business |Sexual Ethics | |Jan 2012 |All ethical language is prescriptive.’ Discuss. [35] | |Critically assess the claim that free will and determinism are compatible. [35] |3 To what extent do modern versions of Virtue Ethics address the weaknesses of Aristotle’s teaching on virtue? [35] | |For moral issues surrounding sex the demands of conscience override other ethical considerations.’ | |June 2011 |‘Ethical statements are no more than expressions of emotion.’ Discuss. | |Critically assess the view that we are not responsible for our evil actions |To what extent is Virtue Ethics helpful when making decisions about extramarital sex? |Assess the claim that secular approaches to environmental issues are of more help than religious approaches. | | |Jan 2011 | |Critically assess the claim that conscience is the voice of reason. (35) |Our ethical decisions are merely the result of social conditioning. Discuss. (35) | |The environment suffers because business has no ethics. Discuss. (35) |Natural Law is the most reliable approach when making decisions about pre-marital sex. Discuss. (35) | |June 2010 | | |Critically assess the claim that people are free to make moral decisions. (35) |‘The weaknesses of Virtue Ethics outweigh its strengths.’ Discuss. (35) |Assess the usefulness of Religious Ethics as an ethical approach to business. (35) |To what extent are ethical theories helpful when considering...
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...Ethics and Moral Issues in Business BIS/216 September 14, 2011 Many businesses today have several issues to deal with on a daily. In this paper the subject to discuss is the differences between ethical and moral issues in business. Also discuss the differences on personal ethics and business ethics. Businesses have to be careful about dealing with the issues concerning moral and ethical dilemmas. Today’s businesses cannot afford any legal mishaps or wrong doings against the company. An ethical issue is the philosophical analysis of human morality and conduct. Moral issues are potential issues that help or harm anyone. The differences between these two issues are ethical deals with codified standards of behavior in a company, and a moral issue deals with actions right and fair. The website cfagbata.com said “companies are now realizing the importance of ethics in business that is crucial for them to succeed” (cfagbata, 2011, p. 1). Companies have to be very careful not to cross the lines between these two issues. The issues can cause confusion and disorder within the workplace if the business does not handle the issues properly. Personal ethics and business ethics are frequently foundation on the societies’ ideals and actions. The difference is one is personal dealing with that individual with the issue instead of the whole company itself. The business ethic is dealing with the company who issues or concerns became a problem within the workplace or environment...
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...conflicting nature of the body and soul. The soul is compared to a chariot driver attempting to control two horses that pull in different directions, the mind and body. The body consists of desires and emotions that distract humans from the basis of existence, truth. Kenny uses an example of a young child throwing a tantrum to illustrate the disharmony between the soul and body. The desire that causes the tantrum is driven by irrationality, as is the human body. Plato uses the argument from knowledge to substantiate the claim that the body and soul are distinct. He describes learning as remembering what the soul has known previously in the world of Forms. Our grasp of concepts such as beauty despite not encountering the Form of beauty is used to prove the eternal nature of the soul. However, this argument relies on the assumption that the world of Forms is real. Just because there is an understanding of certain concepts like Justice,...
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...Assignment 1- “How Personal Can Ethics Get?" BUS 520- Leadership and Organizational Behavior 1. Discuss how personal differences and preference can impact organizational ethics. http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Assignment-1-How-Personal-Can-Ethics/705932 To understand personal differences and preferences we must first discuss personality. An individual’s personality is defined by five major indicators which can be defined as emotional stability, agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness and openness. (Don Hellriegel & John W. Slocum, 2010) The one I find most impending on organizational ethics would be conscientiousness. Conscientiousness is defined by Hellriegel and Slocum as being the individuals concern of their self discipline, the ability to act responsibly and the ability to direct their behavior. A person who is more conscientious is more inclined to be responsible, careful, respectful, driven and thorough. The opposite can be said about a person that is less conscientious. Organizational ethics can be defined as the ethics outlined by the organization and how the organization is expected to respond to internal or external stimuli. (Organizational Ethics, 2011) If an individual is not conscientious in their own personal life, how can they be conscientious when it comes to upholding the organizations ethical structure? http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Assignment-1/36619 Ones upbringing and life's experiences form ones world view and how...
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...hires Countless Lori-Ann, Mathis’ competitor, to make an identical line of clothing at a lower cost than Mathis Inc. Samples and photographs with the labels from Mathis Inc. are sent to CLA for them to make an identical line. CLA copies the line of clothing and sells clothing to Normandale. Normandale makes a total gross profit of $3 million, a fifty percent increase over its sale of the actual Mathis Inc. clothing line. Mathis Inc. sends Normandale a few cease-and-detest letters with no response. Eventually, Mathis Inc. sues Normandale. This paper will discuss the ethical aspect of selling knock off products at a lower price and the federal and state laws that can protect owners of intellectual property. Also discussed, will be the damages that Mathis Inc. has suffered due to Normandale’s actions. The differing views on social responsibility of corporations will be compared and contrasted along with this paper. A code of ethics that Normandale can implement will be discussed too. And lastly, personal liability and criminal liability will be determined for the owners of Normandale. In the case of Normandale and Mathis Inc., selling knock off products copying Mathis Inc. is not ethical. A knock off product is one that is copied to look similar to an original, but made with cheaper materials and is able to be sold at a lower price. “Spotting counterfeit items can be a designer’s worst nightmare. Designers work hard...
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...GCE Religious Studies Advanced GCE Unit G582: Religious Ethics Mark Scheme for January 2011 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of pupils of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, OCR Nationals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by Examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking commenced. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the Report on...
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...HAROLD PUPKEWITZ GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS Project 1: role of ethics and social responsibility in business decision making Tobias Endjala 200414518 Business Law & Ethics Project 1 Dr Jacqui Meyer 14 January 2015 Part A Roles of Ethics 1. Definition of business ethics: Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations. Or Business Ethics: can be defined as the critical, structured examination of how people and institutions should behave in the world of commerce. In particular, it involves examining appropriate constraints on the pursuit of self-interest, or (for firms) profits, when the actions of individuals or firms affect others. Why it is important to understand ethics’ role in business? * To attract customers to the firm's products, thereby boosting sales and profits * Make employees want to stay with the business, reduce labor turnover and therefore increase productivity * Attract more employees wanting to work for the business, reduce recruitment costs and enable the company to get the most talented employees * Attract investors and keep the company's share price high, thereby protecting the business from takeover. Unethical behavior or a lack of corporate social responsibility...
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...Ethics Issues Kimberly Crockran MGT/216 May 10, 2010 Kenneth Popp “What is business ethics”? According to BNET Business Dictionary (2009), business ethics is a system of moral principles applied in the commercial world. Business ethics provide guidelines for acceptable behavior by organizations in both their strategy formulation and day-to-day operations. An ethical approach is becoming necessary both for corporate success and a positive corporate image. Following pressure from consumers for moral ethical and responsible business practices, many organizations are choosing to make a public commitment to ethical business by formulating codes of conduct and operating principles. In doing so, they must translate into action the concepts of personal and corporate accountability, corporate giving, corporate governance, and whistleblowing. There are numerous ethical issues that affect our community and organization. In the remainder of this paper, we will discuss three ethical issues within today’s business environment that affect our community and organization. The first ethical issue that affects our community and organization is discrimination. Discrimination occurs when an employee suffers unfavorable or unfair treatment because of race, religion, national origin, disabled or veteran’s status, or other legally protected characteristics. According to Trevino and Nelson (2007) racial, ethnic, religious, or sexual stereotypes can creep into the behavior or even the most sophisticated...
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...Employment-At-Will Doctrine Lemuel L. Jordan Dr. Diane Barrs Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance 12 July 2012 Employment 1. Skills, competence, and abilities. Every employee needs to be well aware that he is accountable for his actions and decisions, and he can neither pass the buck nor pass the blame to someone else. Once this is clear the employer must work with the employee to assess and provide feedback on their skills and interests and select training and development activities that match their career development objectives and job needs. The best way to accomplish this task is by developing a needs assessment that targets a selection of training that best addresses the identified need. The needs assessment should consist of the following: * Obtaining assessment data such as reviewing job descriptions, conduct surveys, review performance appraisals. * Analyze the data collected. * Define performance problems/issues. * Describe critical behaviors needed to affect problems/issues. * Determine and clarify why critical behaviors do not currently exist. * Research integrated performance solutions. * If training is the best solution, determine the best training and development approach. * Assess cost/benefit of training and development approach. * Include organizational factors needed to reinforce the critical behaviors that will affect problems/issues; and * Describe how the critical behaviors will...
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...Essay on “Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethics” Social responsibility is an idea that has been of concern to mankind for many years. Over the last two decades, however, it has become of increasing concern to the business world. This has resulted in growing interaction between governments, businesses and society as a whole. In the past, businesses primarily concerned themselves with the economic results of their decisions. “Today, however, businesses must also reflect on the legal, ethical, moral and social consequences of their decisions” (Anderson 15). This paper will discuss the concept of corporate social responsibility. It will give the definition of the phrase, and identify some of the global factors that necessitate corporate social responsibility. It will discuss the importance of corporations setting up corporate social responsibility projects, and the impact these have on society. Social corporate responsibility and the maintenance of high ethical standards is not an option but an obligation for all business. Corporate social responsibility is no longer defined by how much money a company contributes to charity, but by its overall involvement in activities that improve the quality of people’s lives. Corporate Responsibility has come up as a significant subject matter in the international business community and is progressively becoming a mainstream activity. There is mounting recognition of the momentous effect the activities of the private sector have on the...
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...employer, specific ethical principles of CRSs, argument against and for the use of CRAs in my current workplace Ruby Tuesday restaurant. The Find Law website mentions a survey developed more than 15 years ago, on 1995, estimates that 80 percent of all employees have either observed or been involved in a romantic relationship at work. Employees have asserted claims for sexual harassment based on the theory that they can't receive the same benefits because they are not "sleeping with the boss." However, most courts have rejected this argument because such a consensual relationship disadvantages both male and female employees equally. The exception, of course, is where a supervisor propositions many employees, and only those who acquiesce receive preferential treatment. Although different initiatives that companies have been taking to discourage and regulate this practice, romances within coworkers tend to keep on increasing. Within my current work environment at Ruby Tuesday, we have Code of Ethics which regulating a consensual relationship agreement issue. These consensual relationship policies address the concerns of any sexual,...
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...1.0 Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become more important in the current business environment. CSR can be defined into action that are taken by organization that goes beyond making profit and legal obligation towards the society adapted from (Ghillyer, 2010) and (SCHWARTZ & SAIIA, 2012) (Brown & Forster, 2013)). More company also nowadays become more aware of CSR (Bondy, et al., 2012) and sees it as a positive tools (Harjoto & Jo, 2011) As an organization fail like in the case of Midland and Southern Bank people are become more interested in how is an organization going (Johnson, et al., 2009). The interest shift as problem hits, as organization rely on peoples trust to run the organization (Cohen & Dienhart, 2013). This cause the organization to have more moral obligation to the growing network on stakeholders (Polonsky, 1995). Management especially in the case of Midland and Southern banks are being judge by stakeholders morally. As organization obligation re managing stakeholders (Nicholson & Newton, 2010). Approaches that are taken to judge organization are shown in research by Carroll’s (1987) (Carroll, 1991) which will be further discussed below. However, Midland and Sothern bank in the end was acquired by HSBC after it failure (Lee, 2009). It also seems that based on the case government started to create more firm regulation after the issue happen. 2.0 Senior Management Role and Obligation: high salary justified or unjustified? Senior management...
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...The Law and Ethics within a Business Noel Jones BUS 670: Legal Environment Professor Eliza Gordner January 16, 2012 The Law & Ethics within a Business In the world of business companies and their employees are bound by both ethics and the law. Ethics is defined as “the philosophical study of what is right and wrong, good and bad” (Liuzzo and Bonnie, 2010; p19). All those are companies are bound by the same code of ethics, they are not all bound by the same laws. Depending on the type of business, they will either be governed by Federal, State, Local, or a combination of the three law governing bodies. This paper will discuss an example of issue and demonstrate where the law, ethics, or both was violated by a company or its employee(s). First, is to discuss a bit about Ethics. Resisting Acts to Perform Unethically It is of the utmost importance that not only managers, but all employees, act and perform ethically while carrying out their duties. A manager or employee should try to recognize unethical acts, and also bosses. Although, an employee may not always be able to recognize unethical requests or bosses; therefore it is best to thoroughly consider what is being asked of them. It is possible that a boss may ask an employee to perform the unethical task for them in hopes that the employee does not realize or is just a “team player”. If this occurs, the employee should take action. An employee may “buy time” in order to...
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...is difficult, and being a good manager can be even harder. This paper will discuss the characteristics and behaviors of a peer manager that has influenced my leadership. It will examine my observations of the individual and the impact that it has had on me. Intro In my profession, I have had the opportunity to be in the company of many types of people. I have seen various management styles, on many different levels. For some, the experience was quite pleasant, and for others, it made me question my own style of management. There are four decision making styles of leadership; autocratic, consultative, facilitative style, and delegative. Autocratic is a type of management style where the manager makes decisions unilaterally, and without much regard for his/her subordinates. Consultative is more doctoral, however, the decisions are looking out for the best interests of the employees as well as the business. The facilitative style promotes the leader to present problems to a group of employees and seek consensus on a solution, making sure that his/her own opinion receives no more weight than anyone else’s. Delegative is a style in management where the manager gives an individual employee or a group of employees the responsibility for making the decision within some set of specified boundary conditions. In this paper, I plan to explore the managerial style of someone in my professional life. I will discuss effective and ineffective tactics used by the manager, as well as the ethical...
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