...assumption that the Oedipal relationship plays an important part in shaping the future character of mate choice needs a scientific reconsideration that, in turn, requires setting an empirically testable explanation. The authors hypothesize that the close physical and emotional attachment between the mother and her son includes a sexual imprinting-like mechanism that influences the processing of childhood experiences. Here they present a set of experiments showing that adults prefer long-term partners who resemble the mental representation of their parent of the opposite sex. Furthermore, mating preferences were found to be shaped in the process of attachment; those mothers were most frequently used as mental models for their sons’ mate choice who provided more emotional warmth and less avoidance to their sons during childhood. The implications of the study’s results for the contemporary interpretation of Freudian theory are discussed. Key Words: Oedipal relationship; Mate preferences; Evolutionary psychology. Freud’s theory It is well known that the Oedipus complex plays a pivotal role in Sigmund Freud’s theory. This complex characterizes the early stage (between 3-5 years) of boys’ sexual objectchoice (Freud, 1905, 1938). During this period, boys have sexual feelings towards their mother, while they are jealous of their father and consider him a rival party. In Freudian theory, boys at this age have a primary incestuous urge towards their mother while they feel fear and anxiety...
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...Mother-Child Relationship. It was said and it will be said a lot about late Anna Nicole Smith and her late son Daniel’s relationship. The intimacy and the complicity of their relationship wasn’t a secret. Anna Nicole Smith used to say that her son Daniel was her best friend. It was an earthquake for Mrs. Smith when her son passed away. She couldn’t take it; she went depressed and started taking antidepressant medication, which finally intoxicate her to death. She and son proved to the whole world how closed they were. It was a beautiful relationship according to tabloids. Are all mother-child relationships perfect? What makes a mother-child rapport to be good or bad? One of the most prolific environments of interpersonal relationship is the family. Thus, the common form of a family is the nuclear family. It’s constituted with a marital couple living with their offspring in a common dwelling. The essence of the family is the relationship parent-child. The family is an institution where children learn from their parents the signification of the good and the bad, the right and the wrong, or the ethical and the unethical. Parents as guardians of the family have the role to provide basics to the entire family. A family is a place of a symbiotic relationship between parents and children, which involve a lot of exchanges of all nature. The mother-child relationship as well as the parent-child relationship could be classified in three different dimensions (clearly influenced by...
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...CH1-2 Assignment 1. Child development is shaped by many factors. The three factors that play an important role in our development are culture, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. Culture is behavior patterns and beliefs passed down from generations. Cultural groups can be small or large. Ethnicity is a person’s nationality, race, religion, and language. Examples of ethnic groups are African Americans, Native Americans, and Asians, Socioeconomic status is a person’s position within a society based on occupation, education, and economic status. Socio-economic status is obtained by one’s self and not by cultural beliefs or ethnicity. The socio-economic status of my mother helped shape my development. As a child I was raised by a single mom; she worked full time and overtime to support us. 2. Characarticis of...
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...lifespan development II) Introduction a) Evolution and biology b) Critical periods c) Behavioral study on graylag geese d) Creation of attachment III) Bowlby’s perspectives a) Biological preparation b) Ethological theory c) Adaptive value d) Physical, social as well as cultural e) Lasting relationships IV) Application of Bowlby’s ethological attachment a) Survival b) Increases in cortisol levels and heart rates c) Psychotherapy d) Anxiety and avoidance with depression e) Development of a new attachment with a therapist f) Outcomes of a therapy process g) Diagnosis of the reactive attachment disorder V) Conclusion a) Begins at birth b) Develop attachments to primary caregivers c) Widespread acceptance d) Diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder VI) References Abstract Bowlby’s ethological attachment theory bases its argument on the premise that human individuals, just like animals have a tendency to have a natural inclination to establish and maintain lasting affectionate bonds (attachments) to the familiar and irreplaceable others. Bowlby further asserts that once the attachments are established, the strength, and stability of the links is related the emotional stability and well-being of the individual throughout life. Bowlby proposes that the attachment initially form during infancy and often involve one primary attachment figure (mostly the mother or other primary caregiver). However, growth...
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...‘swimming upstream’ directed by Russell Mulcahly. In both films, there is an inter connection through filmic techniques, the theme of the relationship between the father, the son and character devolvement. Through filmic techniques and images shine and swimming upstream connect with the action scene. David presents an intense piano piece called the Rachmanioff piano concert no 3, and tony competes in the commonwealth games performing 100m backstroke. These scenes first interconnected is when the camera angle shows the eyes of the participants, David walking to the piano and tony walking to his swimming board. Close up shots of the two boys faces indicating how focused they are revealed. This...
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...Organized crime has been around for several decades and there is very little discussion about the women behind and beside the men in the business. Ma Barker, Opal Long, Victoria Gotti, and Renee Graziano, are some of the women with affiliations to organized crime families just to name a few. Although many may argue that they are very few women in organized crime, there are actually several women who have huge roles in organized crime families by being mothers, wives, daughters and even members. The FBI defines organized crime as any group having some manor of a formalized structure with the primary objectivity to obtain money through illegal activity. Such groups maintain their position through the use of actual or threatening violence, corrupt...
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...conduct our weeks, as we should work six days and on the seventh day we should rest. The principle of the Sabbath rest was set forth by God in Genesis 2:2-3 NIV which reads, “By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work. Then God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done.” He also showed us that he did not create evolution by saying in Genesis 1:11 NIV, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so.” Everything including plants, animals and humans produce after their own kind. Relationships are life’s biggest joys and biggest sorrows. God gave us the blessing of marriage when he created Eve from Adam’s rib. Genesis 2:24 NIV says, “That is why a man leaves his father and mother and is united to his wife, and they become one flesh.” We see the joy of being married and the joy of relationship, but then there comes the time that Adam and Eve sin. When questioned by God, Adam blames Eve and Eve blames the serpent....
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...Everyone seems to have their own thoughts and beliefs on whether or not a God exists who created and designed the universe and everything in it. Dr. Frank Turek and Christopher Hitchens are no exception in the matter, as they displayed in their debate at Virginia Commonwealth University on September 9, 2008. Dr. Turek, co-author of “I Don’t Have Enough Faith to be an Atheist,” embraces a Christian, or theistic, worldview while Mr. Hitchens, author of “God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything,” is very explicitly an atheist. Throughout the debate, Christopher Hitchens used his quick wit and sarcasm to bring forth some strong arguments against Christian beliefs. One of the arguments was that of the presence of various religions-if there are so many different religions, how can they all be correct and true? If I were to ask a Christian, a Muslim, and a Buddhist to tell me about God, they would each have remarkably different stories to share. The Christian would of course tell me all about God, while the Muslim would praise Allah, and the Buddhist would likely speak of the Buddha, and each one would claim that their view was supreme. Another argument that Hitchens offered was that it could not be proven that Jesus was born to the Virgin Mary. When the angel told Mary that she was highly favored in Luke 1:28, she was given grace, which is only imparted upon sinners. If Mary was a sinner, then she could not have birthed Jesus Christ, as he was theoretically pure and free...
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...divorce, unwed motherhood or other factors, or complex families, among others, represents an innovation compared to traditional modes of nuclear family, consisting of a man and a woman with dependent children or families with one parent as a result of widowhood. In this family the person learns how to be and what to do once adult, who must assume the role of head of household, husband or wife, father or mother. This learning will be influenced by the models of relatives of his clan and its environment and cultural models of their studies of literature, film, television, etc. But it is essential the individual's experience in his own family. Although family diversity is not new, the extent of this phenomenon was only noticeable during recent years, in both past generations and we believe that this time is not sufficient for "Roles" have been codified and become transmissible. Within this framework, we consider the following question: What influence does family structure on satisfaction of their parents? To answer this question, we analyzed the relative satisfaction of fathers and mothers living in nuclear family structure, i.e. the family consist of parents cohabiting with dependent children whose formation process is located in the...
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...Week 1 Anth 315 Notes Theory of Evolution: * Gradualism * Speciation * Exchange genes. * Common ancestry. All species go back to a common ancestry. * Natural Selection * Variation * Inherited * Selection * Population will become better adapted to a particular environment. Evolutionary Psychology - 1992 An evolutionary psychological approach: 1. Humans are part of biology. 2. There is nothing special about the human brain 3. Human nature is innate 4. Human behavior is the product of both innate human nature and the environment. Cognitive Psychology 1. Actions are caused by mental processes. 2. The mind is a computer. 3. Humans descended from an ape like ancestor. Heredity 1. Makes offspring look like parents. 2. Genes are written in a molecule called DNA. 3. Children obtain 50 % of their genetic make-up from each parent. Mutations: 1. Mutations occur when a gene inside a cell changes. The evolution of the mind: Cognitive psychology and evolutionary biology meet when we begin discussing the mind evolving through the process of natural selection. What were the adaptive problems faced by our hominid ancestors? 1. Shelter 2. Food The Savannah Principal 1. The savannah principle holds that the human brain has undergone virtually little or no change in the last 10,000, years. Sugars and fats contain calories for survival. Week # 2 Sexual...
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...works to complete the coffin before his mother’s death, and after her death, a Vardaman Bundren does not agree with his mother being in the coffin which leads him to bore holes in the lid of her coffin. Darl and Jewel are both alerted at their return home of their...
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...Children's Television The evolution of children's television has strayed far away from the typical nuclear family. Families that fill the screen now display various types cohabitation and relationship styles, conflicts, and struggles that are extremely relevant in modern day society. As children grow and mature, it is important for them to have images of families in the media that they can easily relate to and learn from, and children's programming accomplishes that goal. Television shows clearly portray the close relations families have with their affiliated kin. Affiliated kin is defined as any unrelated individuals who are treated as if they were realated (Strong, Devault, and Cohen 567). On the television show My Wife and Kids, Mr. Kyle treats Franklin, his neighbor and youngest daughter's friend, as another son. The two worked together like a father and son; Mr. Kyle helped Franklin encouraged Franklin to accept himself as he is, although he is outcasted by other children, and Franklin used his knowledge of another language to prevent Mr. Kyle from getting ripped off when buying back Junior's car. On The Nanny, the kids look up to Fran. Since Mr. Sheffield is divorced, Fran acts not only as the household's nanny, but she also acts as a care and advice giver to the Sheffield children. Children's television programs also underscore the idea that patterns of marriage and family relationships have drastically changed. For example, many couples live together before they...
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...chance of poverty, delinquency and high school failure. Background of Study The US census bureau reported that 30 percent of children live in a single parent home. Are children that are raised by one parent verses both parent receiving the short hand of the deal? Children with single parents were twice as likely to have psychiatric disorders, attempt suicide, and abuse alcohol, and three to four times more likely to use narcotic drugs”.(The Lancet,25 January 2003.) In 2009 the New York Times found that the time spent with a single parent during the formative preschool years seems to have particularly bad effects on a boy’s education,” (Shelia Fitzgerald Krein,, 2009.) Single mothers who work outside the home appear to provide greater incentive as role models for their daughters than there sons, The role-model influence in the case of the girls appears to compensate for the loss of the mother’s time at home. Children from single parent homes are much more likely to receive poor grades and eventually drop out of school (Quinlan, Robert J. (2003). Furthermore “young adults who were raised in single parent homes often gain inferior education, employment, and economic status (Quinlan, Robert J. (2003). The Purpose of Study The purpose of this study was to analyze both the...
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...The first part of the book of Genesis tells the story of the beginning of the natural world, human identity, human relationships and civilization. Genesis 1-11 recounts the ancient history of the world from creation until the birth of Terah. Through this first setting of Genesis, we are able to understand how this world was created, and the reason why humans exist. It gives the answer to the most important questions of life: “Who am I?” and “Why we are here?” The Bible reveals the answers to our life questions, and this is the ultimate truth that molded my world view. Genesis 1-11 portrays God the creator as just, loving, and holy. Genesis Chapter 1 lays the foundation for all biblical truth as it assumes God is the creator of all things. The world was created instantaneously at God’s Word. He created this world for a purpose, and it was made to please him. God describes that He “saw all that he had made, and it was very good”( Genesis 1:31). Chapter 1 is very important because it reveals the creation of man and woman, and how the human was made. In verse 27, it says that “God created man in his own image; in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them”. This biblical truth is the answer to the origin of this world, but many modern scientific theories we have today present contradictory statements. For example, the Evolution theory. The truth that “God created man in his own image” informs us how special we are, and how different we are to animals. God...
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...Elements of Religious Traditions REL/133 August 6, 2012 The Beginning of Religion How old is religion? When did man first stop and think about how the stars got up in the sky, or the sun or the moon? When did a mother first think what has happened to her dead son? “Where is he now? Why do I see him when I sleep, but not when I’m awake?” The time may never be known when the concept of religion was introduced into a man’s mind, but it has certainly grown to be a core fundamental of the human existence. The first man who sat and wondered about the reasons for a death or what would happen after he himself died, may have been a leader of a clan or group. Others in the group may have looked to him for answers to their everyday problems, and he was there for them. He may have been the one initially to console a mother who lost a child because he was aware that she felt a loss. Therefore, the roots of something deeper and more meaningful than this present-day life came to grow. The Spread of Religion After centuries or possibly thousands of years, groups of different people were populating the earth. Although they had different characteristics, they had a common goal of survival. They looked upon this particular man with a position of importance. He was one who could help the hunters bring home game. He could help heal those who were sick. He had an air about him that made him special and set him apart from the others...
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