...•The Illinois appellate court, citing a U.S. Supreme Court Justice, says that "Perhaps we could never succeed in intelligibly defining the kinds of matter we understand to be embraced within the shorthand description of battered woman's syndrome." Why not? Would you be able to formulate an effective legal description of "battered woman's syndrome"? If so, what would it be? I entirely agree with the statement given by the Illinois and a U.S. Supreme Court Justice. We can never successfully define battered woman's syndrome few sentences formed by words. Battered woman's syndrome involves much more than objective words. The elements of battered woman's syndrome involves violence and physical and emotional distress caused by the violence. One...
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...Abstract Law enforcement officers are authorized to use force in specified circumstances, are trained in the use of force, and typically face numerous circumstances during their careers when use of force is appropriate, for example, in making some arrests, restraining unruly combatants, or controlling a disruptive demonstration. When the level of force exceeds the level considered justifiable under the circumstances, however, the activities of the police come under public scrutiny. This article deals with police and the use of excessive force. This article discus the police use of excessive force. This is a research agenda on police use of force, giving special attention to problems of excessive force. A variety of questions are raised, both reflecting the complexity of use-of-force issues and the relative scarcity of our knowledge about use-of-force transgressions. Introduction Police use of force became a very hot topic during the beginning of the 1990’s. It became a very controversial issue due to the fact that police officers most of the time they justify their abuse of use force. Since there job is to secure the city streets and to protect the citizens, they usually say that they were just doing their job. This created fear in many people because they witness most of the abuse on television or heard it directly from the victim. The Rodney King case and the Amadu Diallo had a deep impact on society...
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...Mencius is one of the most famous philosophers in Chinese history. He lived at a time when wars and conflicts in China were very common. Different kingdoms waged war against each other for the expansion of their own territory. Rebellion was also common as the subjects made attempts to topple their abusive and cruel ruler. In view of the importance of managing states and winning wars for expanding the territory of rulers, heads of states consulted known philosophers and intellectuals like Mencius whose wisdom proved to be vital in their rule. This essay seeks to discuss Mencius’ concept of ruler-ship and what to the mind of Mencius constitutes the best and most effective ruler. Initially, Mencius separates society into two classes of people. He thought that there are individuals who labor with their minds and there are those individuals who labor with their body. He thought that those who labor with their mind should be leaders or rulers. This emphasizes the need for rulers to be strong in intellect. This also emphasizes the need for an ordered society which is ruled by individuals who are mentally fit. While this can be considered as somewhat elitist, Mencius told that this is essential in achieving an ordered society. However, having a strong intellect is not enough to become an effective ruler. Mencius believed that virtue is essential for the successful ruler-ship. Virtue however, is not exclusive to the ruler. Mencius also believed in the inherent goodness...
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...should not exceed 5 MB. 3. File Name: Course Code_Sec_Group No_Program_Batch (For e.g. BGSI_A_5_PGDM_2012-14) 4. Send one file or report in one mail. Like for sending three different report you need to send three different emails. 5. Email subject name: your file name should be the subject name. 6. Send only one email for a subject. No second submission will be accepted. 7. There should be only one file either a MS Word or PDF. If there is a annexure, adjust in your word file only. 2 12 Angry Men 1. What qualities did Juror #8 have (Henry Fonda) that made him such a strong leader? Juror 8 is a masterful negotiator. His personality and charisma aside, he skillfully employs several negotiation techniques. He builds :o alliances o used brainstorming o offered concessions o anticipated offer o reframes and masters the factual information Against what seem like over whelming odds, one juror has managed to dominate this group of twelve men. The strategies and tactics of this successful negotiator are impeccable. He gradually and carefully gains control. As the negotiations proceeds the audience witnesses his change from a quiet observer to an increasingly active and resourceful leader. He...
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...The Worldwide Benefits of Organizational Theory David Thurman COMM / 112 January 15th, 2012 Dr. Dmitriy Voloshin THE WORLDWIDE BENEFITS OF ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY Organizational Theory is the key to solving many of the problems in modern society. It is a practice that, at its core, is used for the benefits of people and the betterment of groups of people operating towards a common goal (Greenwood, Miller, 2010). These groups of people can include businesses, neighborhoods, nations…anything. The reach of the Theory is broad and when it is executed correctly it can have a monumental level of effectiveness, ideally a positive one (Greenwood, Miller, 2010). The concept of Organizational Theory is far from new, and as such, this proposition is not meant to propose a new idea so much as make the reader aware of the often overlooked and underexploited potential of Organizational Theory and the power it can have in relation to improving conditions of people the world over. In this paper, the basic definition of Organizational Theory will be explained, its importance will be asserted, and ways in which it can be used to advance the well being of many will be proposed. First, we must establish what Organizational Theory actually is. The idea of “Organizational Theory” is defined as the study of organizations (a social group which distributes tasks for a collective goal) for the benefit of identifying common themes for the purpose of solving problems, maximizing...
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...Understanding the elements of a crime and the aims of sentencing Task 1:1: Actus reus In criminal law actus reus consists of all elements of crime aside from the defendants’ state of mind. Actus reus can consist of the following; Voluntary acts Because this is the physical action carried out by someone it is the most common type of actus reus e.g deliberately causing someone pain by hitting them. Because the criminal law is mainly affected with fault on the defendants part, it has to be an intentional (voluntary) act otherwise if the defendant has no control over his or her actions they have not correctly committed the actus reus. In Hill v Baxter [1958] the court gave examples of situations where a driver of a vehicle could not be said to be doing the act of driving voluntarily. These included a driver losing control of his vehicle by being stung by a swarm of bees, or of he was struck on the head by a stone or had a heart attack whilst driving. Involuntary Act Examples of involuntary acts include where the defendant hits another person because of a reflex action or a muscle spasm, another is where one person pushed a second person causing them to bump into a third person. In this situation the act of the second person who has been pushed is involuntary. Even though he has still hit the third person, he has not committed the Actus Reus for any assault offence. This applied in the case of Mitchell [1983] the defendant tried to push his way into a queue at the post office...
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...stories that use horrifying and threatening monster to inspire the reader’s fear, the monster is pushed somewhat to the rear. Even though the vampires howl and prowl in the periphery every night, dying to capture Neville and suck his blood, Richard doesn’t tell us a lot of information about the vampires. The description that we got from the book is that “that the vampires are cold and that they have white fangs and bad breath” (Matheson, p. 34). It is obvious that Richard is not trying to use the traditional horror stories factors: bloody image and terrifying monster. Instead, the loneliness is the tool that Richard uses to bring in the deepest fear in people’s mind. To be specific, it is human impulse for us to pursue companionship, which is why we are living in a society with social interaction instead of single individual life. The webmaster of Clinefantastique online, Steve Biodrowski says in his review of I Am Legend, “The real horror in the book is not the vampires per se; it is the existential dread of being alone, of realizing that one’s culture – the beliefs and assumptions that are an almost unconscious part of daily living – is ephemeral, a construct held in place by society, and if that society disappears, everything else disappears with it...
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...Why Youths Join Gangs and How to Prevent it from Happening Reaver J Childers Liberty University CJUS 310-B02 Professor Godwin Abstract Have you ever been watching the news and heard the news reporter say, “A young man was shot and killed outside of a corner store. It has been reported that he was a part of a known gang, referred to as the Crips. He was shot by a rivalry gang member.” Do you ever wonder what provokes a juvenile to want to join a gang? There are a lot of parents who ask this question after hearing about someone else’s child or their own child becoming a part of something so horrible. There are so many parents in the world who are losing their children to gangs. The gangs are coming into the communities and praying on what is considered to be the “weak ones.” The “weak-ones” are the ones who seems to be lacking something in their lives, and the only way they know how to fill that void or to get what they are looking for is by joining a gang. The gang gives them status, love, trust, attention, and most of all, it gives them an opportunity to have all the things that they think are important. They find all that they are missing without thinking about the consequences of being affiliated with such groups. This isn’t new to our society; youth gangs have been around for more than 150 years. The youth gangs have grown larger and bolder since the beginning of their time. This paper will discuss why so many youths join gangs...
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...Members of the police force are government officials who enforce the laws and maintain order. They are engaged in a dangerous and stressful occupation that can involve violent situations that must be controlled. In many of these confrontations with the public it may become necessary for the police to administer force to take control of a situation. Sometimes this force takes the form of hand-to-hand combat with a suspect who resists being arrested. The police do have strict guidelines to follow when using force. Force should be used in only the minimum amount needed to achieve a legitimate purpose. The New York Police Department has these five stages set through which the use of force can progress. 1) verbal persuasion, 2) unarmed physical force, 3) force using non-lethal weapons, 4) force using impact weapons, 5) deadly force (AIUSAPolice Brutality 1999:2). They also have many tools at their disposal when the need for using force arises. These include the police baton, mace, tasers, handcuffs, police dogs, and firearms. An officer of the law can be properly trained to administer the law in an unbiased way that will not violate a citizen’s rights, however, this is not happening across the United States. According to a recent Amnesty International study, there are thousands of reports each year of assault and ill treatment against officers who use excessive force and violate the human rights of their victims (AIUSA Rights 1999:1). Police officers are injuring and even killing...
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...Belarus Belarus, officially known as the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country located in the north-east of Europe and has international borders with 5 countries: Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia. The capital of Belarus is Minsk, a modern international city located in the centre of the country, it is considered modern because it has been destroyed and rebuilt numerous times, most recently after World War 2, when it was almost completely destroyed, also because Belarus an important trade and transport route between Europe and the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States). The country of Belarus is divided into six administrative districts, each centred around a major city: Brest Region, Homel Region, Hrodna Region, Magileu Region, Minsk Region and Vitebsk Region. After seven decades as a constituent republic of the USSR, Belarus attained its independence in 1991. It has retained closer political and economic ties to Russia than have any of the other former Soviet republics. Alexander Lukashenko has been the country's president since 1994, the country is run through authoritarian means and a centralized economic system, the government also has restrictions on freedom of speech and the press, peaceful assembly, and religion. Cultural trends - Religion: Religion in Belarus is considered a unifying factor since 80% of the population are Eastern Orthodox while only 20% are of other religions. But the Government restricts religious freedom both actively...
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...267 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice National Institute of Justice JOURNAL Police Use of Force: The Impact of Less-Lethal Weapons and Tactics n Toward a Better Way to Interview Child Victims of Sexual Abuse Solving the Problem of Untested Evidence in Sexual Assaults Extending the Time to Collect DNA in Sexual Assault Cases Also in this issue In Brief: Block by Block: Zeroing in on Crime Trends Minimizing the Risks of Hazardous Materials: The CBRN Standard Improving Forensic Death Investigation In Brief: Expanding Research by Sharing Data n n i Building Knowledge to Meet the Challenge of CriMe and JustiCe National Institute of Justice John H. Laub Director, National Institute of Justice The NIJ Journal is published by the National Institute of Justice to announce the Institute’s policy-relevant research results and initiatives. The Attorney General has determined that publication of this periodical is necessary in transacting the public business of the U.S. Department of Justice as required by law. Findings and conclusions of the research reported here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. All products, manufacturers and organizations cited in this publication are presented for informational purposes only, and their discussion does not constitute product approval or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Justice. Subscription Information...
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...When I think of violators of Human Rights, one entity comes to mind and that entity is the New York Police Department. For far too long, the New York Police Department has continuously been accused of using excessive and abusive force to achieve arrests. Unfortunately, it doesn’t matter to the officers whether these people are guilty or not. In the United States Constitution, it reads, “innocent until proven guilty” but according to the New York Police Department these people are “guilty until proven innocent.” This happens in the smallest and largest of situations, from a simple traffic stop to the arrest of a so called “lifelong” criminal. In this paper, through specific examples of the New York Police Department’s infringement upon the public’s basic human rights, I will prove not only is the New York Police Department in violation of United States law, but international law as well; specifically the Convention against Torture. I will also explain why it is vital to the safety of all New Yorker’s that these power hungry parasites be stopped! From a very young age we all are brought up with the façade that all police officers, not just the NYPD, are there to “serve” and “protect” the public. For example, parents teach their children that when they are in trouble or they are scared, to try and find a police officer to help them. On television when children do this the police officers seem to be cordial and willing to help. In the real world, this is not the case. To the...
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND The terms less-than-lethal, less lethal, and non-lethal are frequently and inappropriately used interchangeably. Almost anything can become lethal if used improperly or if circumstances are extremely unlucky; weapons that are considered to be of Non-Lethal force only decrease the odds of deadly injury. The court addresses the use of less lethal force in the “objective reasonableness standard,” where questions regarding excessive use of force are to be judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer coping with a tense, fast-evolving situation. (Graham, Conner, 2009) This revised standard alleviates some of the “Monday morning quarterbacking” that would otherwise result and respects that officers possess sound judgment skills. (Graham, Conner, 2009) In some arrest situations and other law enforcement activities, the use of force may be required to protect the safety of the officer or the public. Occasionally, the threat to an officer or the public justifies the use of deadly force an amount of force that is likely to cause either serious bodily injury or death to another person. (Graham, Conner, 2009) When use of force is required, but deadly force may not be appropriate, law enforcement officers may employ less-lethal weapons to gain control of a subject. Less-lethal weapons are designed to induce a subject to submit or to comply with directions. These weapons give law enforcement officers the ability to protect the safety of...
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...Research Proposal – Unit II Evaluating the Federal Student Loan Debt in Regards to the Status Quo of the United States Economy Geoffrey J. Wynn, MBA Columbia Southern University DBA 7240-09B-2B11-S1 Doctoral Writing and Inquiry Into Research Evaluating the Federal Student Loan Debt in Regards to the Status Quo of the United States Economy Introduction In conducting research of the concept of student loan debt it was evident that there were concerns at all fiscal levels about the growing usage of students in conjunction with the stagnant economy. The student loan program is always under review for consistency and being relative of an individual's or family's financial need. The United States government created the program to boost the higher learning apparatus of citizens in need of training and/or re-training to keep up with an ever changing workplace. The research divulges many opportunities to create a better understanding on how the market economy supports government subsidized programs. The media perception has always seemed to be in favor of the educating society through the legislative actions of the United States government. In other words it has been assumed that the taxpayers could foot the bill so to speak so that others may be able to reach the goal of being educated adequately enough to find suitable work. In looking into the individual employment it needs to be taken into account that the level of education...
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...if they when win. The people celebrate this day to remember the independence they once had, and attempt to try and regain the independence they lost centuries ago. On this day Catalans show their national pride to the rest of the world, but this pride is not towards Spain it is for Catalonia. There is a very strong sense of nationalism in the region and the people want to become their own state. Many people have a mistaken belief for what nationalism actually is; nationalism is a feeling of loyalty people have toward their country or nation. Nationalism is generated when people have a similar history and culture but it is suppressed or combined with another culture. This is exactly what has happened in Catalonia for centuries and is why the nationalist movement is so powerful here. When you walk through the city of Barcelona you see how evident this is. The Catalans have their own language, their own culture, and their own symbols. Time and time again their culture has been repressed, whether it be by the French Bourbons or by the Franco regime. In this paper I will discuss Catalan nationalism and try to understand where it comes from and how it has evolved over time. Catalan nationalism is not a movement that has just popped up in...
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