Psychology can be defined as the "Scientific study of behavior and mental or cognitive process".
The field seeks scientific interpretation of how the human mind works. Different theorists attempted to describe the human mind by observing behavior, cognitive events, physiological events, social behavior etc.

In the field of psychology, the systematic movements begun during the first quarter of 19th century. These movements were of greatest significance for the development of psychology as a science. These movements have been mainly in the form of "schools". Within psychology, a school is a group of individual who share certain fundamental methodological of theoretical points of view.

The following are some important schools of psychology:
(a)
Structuralism
(b)
Functionalism
(c)
Psychoanalysis
(d)
Gestalt Psychology
(e)
Behaviorism
(f)
Humanistic Psychology
1.
Structuralism: Study of the elements of mind
Wilhelm Wundt (1832 - 1920), a professor of philosophy, found the first formal laboratory of psychology at the University of Leipzig, in Germany, in 1879. He wrote more than 50,000 pages of books and articles, despite being blind in his right eye during the second half of his life.
According to Wundt, the subject matter of psychology is immediate conscious experience, one's experience of awareness of the content of one's own conscious mind. Psychology should thus seek to understand the structure of the mind. Wundt argued that the fundamental approach of science, namely, analysis should be applied to human mind. To understand any problem, the problem should be broken down into its smallest part or elements, and examine the parts themselves as fundamental building blocks.
To study the elements of the mind, Wundt developed "Introspection method" which studies the human response to controlled stimulation.
2.