...Sustainable forest management requires three major criteria which are the maintenance of ecological processes within the forest (soil formation, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nutrient and hydrological cycles), maintenance of biodiversity of forest, improving the net social benefits derived from the mixture of forest uses within the constraints by considering the future. Forest provides habitats for more than half of the fauna and flora on the Earth (SCBD, 2001). Forest biome plays an important role in mitigating climate change by serving as carbon sinks (Hassan et al., 2005). Forest land is the most fundamental natural resources which become reduced mainly due to anthropogenic pressures. For proper management of land, it is essential to have information about existing land cover and about the naturalness of the land. The increment in forest cover does not mean that...
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...BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSYTEM LOSS An ecosystem is defined as ‘a biological community interacting organisms and their physical environment’ Source: Oxford dictionary – http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ecosystem While by definition, biodiversity includes all living organisms (wild or domesticated) and the habitats (natural or man-made) within which they occur. Furthermore, the components of biodiversity are not independent because the patterns in nature are a result of interactions between genetic diversity and the environment’. Source: WWF - http://www.worldwildlife.org/bsp/publications/africa/181/Chap_2.html I am reminded of the John Muir quote “When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe.” To me that is how the world is, all interconnected by invisible threads- we never understand the depth of impact when one thread is broken until it is too late. Biodiversity and ecosystems around the world are being threatened at an alarming rate due to several environmental changes and by us humans. As well as the many moral and ethical reasons to preserve it for its own sake, biodiversity and ecosystems bring to us several services and resources such as food, water, pest control, medicines and moreover regulates the world’s climate. As a result of most of our food and necessities coming from these ecosystems, it is essential for the current and future generations that our biodiversity remains intact. Humans must ensure...
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...Since the island of Madagascar has always been of great interest to me because of its exclusivity and biodiversity I was drawn to the vignette in Chapter 9. The fourth largest island in the world, situated in the Indian Ocean; Madagascar is home to an extraordinary variety of plants an animal species. As the text states, 85% of plant species and 90% of animal species are endemic to the island. Home to 21 million people, Madagascar’s numerous ethnic and religious groups only embellish the nation’s vivid diversity. We must take into account the islands geographic history to understand its biodiversity today. Madagascar was stuck between what we now know as Africa and South America and what we now know as India on the Gondwanaland supercontinent....
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...Garbology is the study of modern refuse and trash . It is used to assess waste and infer new ideas for waste management. In spite of having knowledge about sustainable development the waste seems to increase day by day. The main problem with the garbage disposal is that it is handled initially by an extremely decentralized system. It is necessary for each individual, or family unit, to handle its own waste so that it can be recycled in future. The strongest effort one can make for to handle their waste is by making its best use and they developing habits of separating items. Many of our environmental problems in the present time can cause severe problems for the future generation. Likewise, if our generation burns too much of the fossil fuel without finding alternative energy sources while building infrastructures that depend heavily on cheap energy, future generations may bear heavy costs. For garbage disposal, the chief problem for future generations is that available disposal sites, such as landfills, will be used up. But the development of alternative ways to deal with garbage at that point might not be more costly than developing them now to preserve more of the landfills for later. Collective efforts have to be made to in order to reduce the amount of garbage .Many producers will have to change from their current behavior and make moral commitments towards the environment. Therefore, the need of the hour...
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...Biodiversity Hotspot in Indo Burma Student’s Name Name of Institution Abstract Extinction has been happening over the years without concerns; however there are people who have emerged to create awareness on the importance of conserving the environment for their continuity. For this course some biodiversity hotspots have been identified which host a variety of endemic species which need to be protected. This paper seek to explore how climate change has affected the species, other threats that exist that endanger these species and what is being done to mitigate these threat. Biodiversity Hotspot in Indo Burma Map 1: Indo-Burma a Biodiversity hotspot (Myer, 2000) The biodiversity hotspots concept was brought about by a man called Norman Meyer. There are 25 identified hotspots all over the world and other potential ones are 9 in number. These areas share a similarity of having many endemic species and together they support 60% of world’s mammals, plants, birds, amphibians, and reptiles’ species. One of these hotspots includes the Indo-Burma. Termed as one of world’s biodiversity hotspots the Indo Burma spreads across the eastern parts of Bangladesh extending to the Indias North eastern regions, the southern parts of Bramaputra River, almost the whole of Myanmar and China’s southern and eastern parts of Yunnan Province also including Thailand and minute parts of Penisular Malaysia. Not forgetting the south China’s coastal lowlands, the off shore...
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...Introduction to Air Pollution: Air pollution is the presence of foreign substances (pollutants) in the atmosphere, emitted by industries and motor vehicles that cause damage to living organisms. Air pollution is the leading cause of several diseases. During the past few years, air pollution has emerged as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Air Pollutants: Air Pollutants refer to the liquids, solids and gases that are not normal constituents of air. Presence of such substances beyond tolerable limits may be hazardous to plant, animal and human life. Air pollutants include oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, halogenated and non-halogenated hydrocarbons, suspended inorganic particulate matters, inorganic and organic acids, insecticides, bacteria, viruses, etc. Also read: Essay on Environmental Pollution: Causes, Effects and Solution Characteristics: Air pollution characteristics in a particular region are influenced by: * The type and amount of pollutant and their source of emission. * The topographical and meteorological conditions affecting dispersion, concentration and trans-boundary transport of pollutants. * The type of technology and various raw materials used in the manufacturing process and the type and quantum of emissions. * The extent of industrialization and population density. Sources of air pollutants Major sources of air pollution includes both natural sources and man-made source (anthropogenic). A. Natural sources: The natural sources of...
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...Urban Ecology: An Issue of Preserving Biodiversity in Indian Cities In the next 100 years, the world’s urban population is expected to be 8 or 9 billion of a total of nearly 11 billion people around the globe. It is surprising to read in The Guardian that most of the urbanization will occur during this century only to be followed by a staggering slowdown in the process of urbanization. Cities, as seen from the “polis” concept of Aristotle, are essentially meant for the ‘association of people’. This way, cities are, by the people, of the people and for the people. New opportunities and budding options make them attractive to a number of migrants. But not just limiting to the Aristotelian concept of cities, these urban spaces need also to be seen as the conservation grounds of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Much against the common belief, cities too can be rich in biodiversity and there is much more than just providing hubs of manly association which may be offered by the city places. Global cities such as Berlin, Chicago, Scandinavian city of Stockholm, Singapore and Kolkata to name a few, are some examples of amalgamation of richness of biodiversity and vibrancy of modernity. In order to make cities the resources efficient growth centers and to...
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...important functions. They are a) Strengthening conservation efforts by providing financial support b) Enhancing economic benefits to the aboriginal people and other local community and c) Enriching visitor’s experience in the destination where the buzzword is being implemented and promoted properly. Keeping in mind the importance of developing ecotourism, such zones are being developed in the protected area networks across the world. Experiences show that the cost of maintenance of the global network of protected areas will be around USD 50 billion per year and the top 25 World Biodiversity Hotspots require USD 500 million per year (Gossling, S; 2002). As the revenue from government is insufficient, the protected areas are in the need of ecotourism for generating sufficient income to meet their maintenance costs in order to achieve financial sustainability. Western Ghats, in India, is one of the biodiversity hotspots in the world which is home for endemic plants and endangered...
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...Medicinal Plants Medicinal Plants Medicinal Plants An Expanding Role in Development Jitendra Srivastava, John Lambert, and Noel Vietmeyer WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 320 RECENT WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPERS No. 246 Plusquellec, Burt, and Wolter, Modern Water Control in Irrigation: Concepts, Issues, and Applications No. 247 Ameur, Agricultural Extension: A Step beyond the Next Step No. 248 Malhotra, Koenig, and Sinsukprasert, A Survey of Asia's Energy Prices No.249 Le Moigne, Easter, Ochs, and Giltner, Water Policy and Water Markets: Selected Papers and Proceedings from the World Bank's Annual Irrigation and Drainage Seminar, Annapolis, Maryland, December 8−10, 1992. No.250 Rangeley, Thiam, Andersen, and Lyle, International River Basin Organizations in Sub−Saharan Africa No.251 Sharma, Rietbergben, Heimo, and Patel, A Strategy for the Forest Sector in Sub−Saharan Africa No.252 The World Bank/FAO/UNIDO/Industry Fertilizer Working Group, World and Regional Supply and Demand Balances for Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Potash, 1992/93−1998/99 No.253 Jensen and Malter, Protected Agriculture: A Global Review No.254 Frischtak, Governance Capacity and Economic Reform in Developing Countries No.255 Mohan, editor, Bibliography of Publications: Technical Department, Africa Region, July 1987 to April 1994 No.256 Campbell, Design and Operation of Smallholder Irrigation in South Asia No.258 De Geyndt,...
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...JUDGES MOST RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED COUNSEL FOR THE PETITIONER ULC Bangalore, XVI All India Moot Court Competition, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX OF AUTHORITIES………………………………………………………………………3 INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS.………...…………………………………………………………9 SYNOPSIS……………………………………………………………………………………..10 STATEMENT OF FACTS……………………………………………………………………….11 STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION………………………………………………………………12 STATEMENT OF ISSUES………………………………………………………………………13 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS………………………………………………………………….14 ARGUMENTS ADVANCED…………………………………………………………………….15 I. THE PRESENT WRIT PETITION IS MAINTAINABLE……………………………………15 A. Petitioner has the Locus Standi to file the writ petition……………………………...15 B. There is a violation of fundamental rights……………………………………………17 a) There is a violation of the fundamental right under Article 14 of the Constitution………………………………………………………………………...17 b) There is a violation of the fundamental right under Article 19(1) (g) of the Constitution…………………………………………………………………………18 c) There is a violation of the fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution………………………………………………………………………...18 II. THE STATE LEGISLATION IS NOT COMPETENT TO PASS THE “NUDI CLOUD SEEDING ACT, 20XY”…………………………………………………………………...……………19 III. THE FARMERS OF THE TALUKAS FALLING UNDER THE NORTH – EASTERN DRY ZONE HAVE A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT AGAINST TAMPERING WITH BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE MODIFICATION…………………………………………………………….23 A. The state of Nudi has failed to fulfill...
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...External Economics IP AND THE PROMOTION OF BIODIVERSITY AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND BENEFIT SHARING WITH PROVIDERS COMMUNITIES Class: K53CLC3 – Group 6 Lecturer: Pham Thi Mai Khanh Ho Chi Minh City, February 2016 I GROUP MEMBERS No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Name Khúc Thị Kiều Thương Phạm Mỹ Tiên Trương Thủy Tiên Nguyễn Hoàng Minh Trâm Lương Gia Vĩ Ngô Nhật Vy ID 1401025125 1401025128 1401025129 1401025133 1401025159 1401025162 II TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 A. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................... 2 I. Overview of Intellectual Property ............................................................................................... 2 II. Overvew of Biodiversity ............................................................................................................ 2 III. Overview of Traditional Knowledge ....................................................................................... 4 B. CURRENT SCENERIO ................................................................................................................. 5 I. Intellectual Property in Today World .......................................................................................... 5 II. Biodiversity .........................................
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...Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Strategy The vision underlying the message was that the pursuit of profits had to be tempered by care for the environment and concern for people - both now and in the future. This meant that if Shell wanted to stay in business, prosper and grow in the future, it had to find effective ways to incorporate the principles of sustainable development into its business practices - not as an option but as a necessity to survive. Shell reviewed all aspects of its activities in light of what it learned about sustainable development and society's changing expectations towards the behaviour of business. In 1997, Shell decided that, in parallel with its efforts at internal transformation, it would launch a new global, social investment effort that would concentrate on working with external partners to advance sustainable development worldwide. This decision ultimately led to the establishment of the Shell Foundation. Shell’s worldwide social investment initiative promotes sustainable development. Their main aim is to maximize benefit to the society and environment and to have integrity in their operations. The main aim is to maximize benefit to the society and environment and to have integrity in their operations. There are 6 main programs under the Shell Foundation namely: Aspire, Trading UP, Embarq, Breathing Space, Excelerate, and Climate Change ASPIRE: Through a long and close partnership with GroFin - a specialist business developer...
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...“Delivering value to your stakeholders is part of your mission. How do you achieve results while operating with sustainability and integrity? Are incentives for sustainable practices integrated into performance compensation plans?” SD challenges Sustainable solutions and construction Q “What is Holcim’s contribution to improve efficiencies in the building materials industry?” Energy and climate Q “Holcim appears to be ahead of its competitors with regards to its level of carbon emissions. How does Holcim plan to further reduce its CO2 footprint, while providing the construction materials for the schools, hospitals, homes and infrastructure the world needs?” Biodiversity and water Q “Reducing energy use will in turn reduce CO2 emissions and water consumption. How can Holcim ensure that the overall synergies between energy, climate, biodiversity and water are taken into consideration?” Our people Q “There have been complaints from unions regarding labor issues. What kind of measures is Holcim taking to prevent unfair labor practices?” Social commitment Q “How is Holcim’s business model able to improve the quality of life of the poor?” Performance data Methodology and assurance 30 36 28 22 18 14 10 10 2 3 4 6 Key to symbols: CR ARA see page in this report see our Annual...
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...John Finken February 29, 2012 Informative Essay – Draft 1 Humans Contribution to Climate Change Over the past 50 years scientific research has shown the ways in which human activity has caused or contributed to climate change. Research all over the world points to the ways humans have caused climate change: the emission of excessive greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide from human industrial, residential and transportation sources into the earth’s atmosphere, exploding population causing a greater need for ever scarcer resources, and finally producing deforestation, pollution and a catastrophic loss of biodiversity of plants and animals. “We are dumping so much carbon dioxide into the Earth’s environment that we have literally changed the relationship between the Earth and the Sun.” (Gore, p.10) Scientific studies measuring the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have been taken on a daily basis beginning in 1958 over the island of Hawaii. After a relatively short amount of time the scientists could see that the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere was going up at an alarming rate. The pattern has shown that the levels of CO2 have been steadily rising year after year for 50 years. “The pre-industrial concentration of CO2 was 280 parts per million. In 2005, that level, measured high above Mauna Loa, was 381 parts per million.” (Gore, p.37) The level of CO2 is higher than it has ever been in 650,000 years. Scientists have proven that the increased level...
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...discussed in this essay are prior course, personal philosophy, and published sources in order to consider the quote at hand. Honors Biodiversity has taught that the world is being harmed to a point where humans are taking it for granted rather than treasuring it for the numerous amount of resources which it harnesses. For instance, biodiversity hotpots, which are spots on the planet where there are an extremely diverse amount of species compared to...
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