...(HDI- composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income, indices used to rank countries into four tiers of human development) and thus moving further along the development continuum. With expert leg-growth has been the main approach to development, trade may not be the only panacea for development. Other approaches to development such as aid and political avenues also have to be explored. However, the main process to development is industrialisation (manufactured goods create more income than raw materials/primary products) with this we see countries moving through the Clark Fisher model; moving from primary through to tertiary sectors. This increased revenue would promote wealth and improving living standards. In turn, this would make way for the 'trickling down' effect, the increased wealth means surplus money would be available for new industry to be established. Furthermore, this surplus of money may be reinvested into vital infrastructure and increasing the indices needed to value the HDI. Exploring and analysing approaches to development will form the basis of my conclusion. Over the last three decades China has experienced a remarkable transformation, going from being a poor and largely agricultural economy to becoming the world’s industrial powerhouse. Much of China’s remarkable growth between 1978 and 2000 can be explained by the reform. China’s rise as a major global economy was boosted by its WTO membership in 2001 opened its economy through export led growth...
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...regions. China manufacturing statistics don’t follow regular international standards and sometimes could be hard to understand the data. China does not systematically collect labor statistics like other countries and all of their information about manufacturing has been collected by a set of hypotheses and estimates by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Even though China data collection has many gaps, the International Community accepts the accumulated data as valid. Hourly compensation costs of manufacturing employees of China compared to U.S. manufacturing from 2002-2008. The data tables suggest that China manufacturing cost has risen on a constant steady pace. In 2008 China manufacturing cost was $0.57 and in 2008 it $1.36 (Manufacturing in China). Largely there is still a big gap compared to U.S. manufacturing and you can where China has gain many manufacturing jobs due to their relative low cost of manufacturing. Hourly compensation cost of manufacturing employees in selected economies and regions suggest that China has the lowest manufacturing cost out of U.S. , Japan, Europe, Mexico, Philippines and all East Asia countries (Manufacturing in China). The U.S had the highest manufacturing cost following closely by Japan (Manufacturing in China). U.S seems to be at a disadvantage on manufacturing hourly rates and companies will find that it is easier to manufacture in countries like China. Banister, J., Cook, G. (2011). China’s Employment and...
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...The Rise of Emerging Markets in Mergers and Acquisitions Developing countries are gaining strength and influence T he rise in the number of mergers over the past five years has been dramatic. Unlike previous merger waves, however, companies in emerging markets are playing an increasingly important role. Indeed, while the number of majority acquisitions increased globally by 6 percent, acquisitions of established companies by emerging firms grew at an annual rate of 26 percent. Although their motives differ from traditional M&A activity, it is clear that, in the near term, emerging competitors present a potential threat to companies in developed countries. Mergers and acquisitions have become a staple of newspaper headlines. Although most M&A activity is initiated by companies in the developed world, a recent A.T. Kearney study of global M&A reveals that a paradigm shift is occurring: Beginning in 2002, deals between developing and developed countries grew at an annual rate of 19 percent— far in excess of the industry average and four times faster than deals conducted within either developing or developed countries alone (see figure 1 on page 2). While not large in absolute terms, this rate of growth indicates how rapidly the developing world is catching up in the M&A business. In fact, the study found that companies from developing countries such as China, India, Malaysia, Russia, the United Arab Emirates and South Africa are snapping up established...
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...Background "China is the one place on the world where you could replicate Wal-Mart's success in the U.S." Davis Glass former CEO of Wal-Mart Stores said. However, reality indicates that Wal-Mart is facing many difficulties in Asia. Wal-Mart and other foreign organizations are subject to a number of adverse situations and government restrictions. Some of those difficulties are: rigorous cost control in comparison to local companies, toll fees and charges, high transportation and distribution costs and lack of IT reliable infrastructure among others. In addition, domestic stores have existed for long and enjoy support from the government. Many foreign chains exist in the market, and were performing better than Wal-Mart. As a result, Wal-Mart expansion in China was slow. In this case, we will address the main issues that Wal-Mart China is facing and propose possible solutions and recommendations. Issues/Problems Currently, Wal-Mart is facing a range of challenges in China's retail market. Chinese business environment is changing rapidly. In the last two decades, China’s retail industry and its distribution and logistical infrastructure have significantly decreased government regulation. Wal-Mart will need to identify what issues it will face in the short and long term to set up the new business vision and strategy in this market. The U.S business model will not be able to be implemented in the Chinese market since for instance U.S., Wal-Mart places stores...
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...The Arithmetic of Inequality Jimmy is a second grader. He pays attention in school, and he enjoys it. School records show that he is reading slightly above grade level and has a slightly better than average IQ. Bobby is a second grader across town. He also pays attention in class and enjoys school, and his test scores are similar to Jimmy's. Bobby is a safe bet to enter college (more than four times as likely as Jimmy) and a good bet to complete it -- at least twelve times as likely as Jimmy. Bobby will probably have at least four years more schooling than Jimmy. He is twenty seven times as likely as Jimmy to land a job which by his late forties will pay him an income in the top tenth of all incomes. Jimmy has about one chance in eight of earning a median income (Bassis, 1991:216). I. Basic Definitions A. Life Chances Life chances refer to one's access to resources. Life chances can refer to one's ability to get food and shelter. It also refers to access to social institution such as health care, education, the government, and the law (to mention a few). Social class affects one's life chances across a broad spectrum of social phenomenon from health care, to educational attainment, to participation in the political process, to contact with the criminal justice system. B. What is Social Stratification? Social stratification refers to the division of a society into layers (or strata) whose occupants have unequal access to social opportunities and rewards. People in the top strata...
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...IMPORT An import is a good brought into a jurisdiction, especially across a national border, from an external source. The party bringing in the good is called an importer. An import in the receiving country is an export from the sending country. Importation and exportation are the defining financial transactions of international trade. In international trade, the importation and exportation of goods are limited by import quotas and mandates from the customs authority. The importing and exporting jurisdictions may impose a tariff (tax) on the goods. In addition, the importation and exportation of goods are subject to trade agreements between the importing and exporting jurisdictions. "Imports" consist of transactions in goods and services to a resident of a jurisdiction (such as a nation) from non-residents. The exact definition of imports in national accountsincludes and excludes specific "borderline" cases. A general delimitation of imports in national accounts is given below: * An import of a good occurs when there is a change of ownership from a non-resident to a resident; this does not necessarily imply that the good in question physically crosses the frontier. However, in specific cases national accounts impute changes of ownership even though in legal terms no change of ownership takes place (e.g. cross border financial leasing, cross border deliveries between affiliates of the same enterprise, goods crossing the border for significant processing to order or repair)...
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...skyrocket in developing markets, an online presence is a low-risk way to test new markets and complement existing store footprints. As e-commerce sales skyrocket across the developing world, building an online presence is a low-risk way to test new markets or complement existing store footprints. Gaining maximum advantage from such strategies requires knowing a country's true e-commerce potential and its online market challenges. A.T. Kearney's 2012 E-Commerce Index, the first in a series, examines the top 30 countries in our 2012 Global Retail Development Index™ (GRDI). Using 18 infrastructure, regulatory, and retail-specific variables, the Index ranks the top 10 countries by their e-commerce potential (see figure 1).1 The findings provide a wealth of information for retailers use in developing successful global e-commerce strategies and identifying emerging market investment opportunities (see sidebar: About the Study).2 [pic] E-Commerce: A Ripe Growth Opportunity Global e-commerce is thriving as infrastructure, laws, and consumer preferences evolve. Global e-commerce has grown 13 percent annually over the past five years (see figure 2).3 Retail expansion is increasingly occurring through...
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...Strategy & Leadership Emerald Article: Global competition 2021: key capabilities for emerging opportunities Armen Ovanessoff, Mark Purdy Article information: To cite this document: Armen Ovanessoff, Mark Purdy, (2011),"Global competition 2021: key capabilities for emerging opportunities", Strategy & Leadership, Vol. 39 Iss: 5 pp. 46 - 55 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10878571111161525 Downloaded on: 29-03-2012 To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 954 times. Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by Technische Universitaet Hamburg-Harburg For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Additional help for authors is available for Emerald subscribers. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com With over forty years' experience, Emerald Group Publishing is a leading independent publisher of global research with impact in business, society, public policy and education. In total, Emerald publishes over 275 journals and more than 130 book series, as well as an extensive range of online products and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 3 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on...
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...Albert Cupo Coach Case 2/22/13 1. The defining characteristics of the luxury industry in 2012 are a cross between a status symbol and desire for luxury goods because of extra disposable income. In the past year going forward, a projective increase of millionaires brings people on a search for optimal quality and specific brand preference. People will only be willing and able to afford such products such as these in the luxury sector if the income presents itself. As people make less money because of the economy and layoffs, the less these companies will make. This is a perfect example of the elasticity of demand in relating to income because of the rather high involvement purchase decision to which people will certainly not think of parting with a large sum of money when they have to provide for their families. In the present years, people desire to outdo each other especially in the middle class with a “fake rich” mentality where people want to make believe they have money. Luxury goods have become a gateway to competition amongst the younger generation where parents are seen spending innumerable amounts of money on their children so they can be seen as fashionable in school. This is great news for the Coach Company to expand their line even further to cater to a younger crowd of consumers. Coach already has an advantage in their line of handbags for the fact that their price point is nowhere near Louis Vitton or Fendi. Overall, the industry is nothing more...
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...following the occurrence of repeated natural disasters and studies showing the ill effects on human health. It has been established that the misuse of natural resources can threaten the existence of future generations. The role of businesses, civil society and governments has been discussed in the context of environmental sustainability in this report with focus on climate change. The oil and gas sector is an important sector in terms of sustainability related to the environment. The sector has been scrutinized widely for occurrences like leakages and oil spills. The companies in this sector have a huge impact on the environment. The importance of oil companies in the path to sustainable development has been discussed. The multinational giants British Petroleum and ExxonMobil have been used as case studies to understand the kind of initiatives being taken in this sector for a sustainable environment. Lastly, the challenges related to the sector in implementing these initiatives have been discussed. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Development and sustainability issues 5 Climate change 6 Role of business, government and civil society 6 Role of government and regulation 8 Civil society 9 Oil and gas Sector 9 Initiatives in oil and gas sector for sustainability 10 British Petroleum (BP)...
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...farmers * Farm populations fell by 2/3 in the beginning of the 20th century * Farms are consolidating * 20% drop in the number of farms * Agriculture has become more meganized (more industrial) More money to keep it going, more land and more machines * Farms are still critical in the US and Canadian economy * 2000: US Alone, $216 billion dollars in farming alone * Land use, agriculture remains dominant * Varies by region * Dairy farming in the east * Live Stock in the West * Irrigated agriculture- used in the dryer parts of the region * Very efficient farms * Intensive * Crops they grow * Central- Growing corn for ethanol 2. -Affluence and abundance of wealth * Natural recourses * Lumbar * Animals * Metals * Fossil flues * Navigable water ways * Good soils...
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...Chapter 1 The Globalization of Starbucks -company focused on selling a “thirdplace” experience, rather than just coffee -first target outside US was Japan and the company established a joint venture with a local retailer -Starbucks format was then licensed to the venture which then took over responsibility for growing the Starbucks presence in Japan -Starbucks transferred employees to the Japanese operation -all employees went to training classes -stores had to adhere to design parameters established in US -took its success here and went to other foreign markets -purchases mainly Fair Trade Certified coffee to promote environmental responsibility -Starbucks has shown that glo Globalization (shift towards a more integrated and interdependent world economy): +: Expand revenue by selling around the world and reduce costs by producing in nations where lower input costs -: increases competition and drives price down Globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace Most global markets are markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over such as market for commodities (aluminum, oil, and wheat), industrial products (commercial jet aircraft), computer software, and financial asses Firms follow eachother around the world so greater uniformity replaces diversity Globalization of production: sourcing of goods and services from locations around...
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...Gracie King Dr. Morgan Advanced Readings in Energy 15 August 2015 The Prize: Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power The history of the petroleum industry is a long and enduring journey. It was not started by one single individual, but by the actions of a long list of entrepreneurial figures whom all play a part in this oil journey. Oil was first used as a sort of home remedy by the Indians. They called it “Seneca Oil” and it was used to cure headaches, upset stomachs, burns, to heal wounds and the list goes on. George Bissell was a very important individual in the creation of the oil industry. He spotted a bottle of this Pennsylvania rock oil in one of his professor’s classrooms. He became very curious with the rock oil and believed that it could be used as an illuminant because it was flammable. If this rock oil could become the new illuminating oil, Bissell would become an extremely wealthy man and that became his motivation. In 1854, Bissell gathered investors and hired a professor from Yale, Benjamin Silliman, to analyze all the properties of this oil to determine if it could indeed be used as an illuminant and lubricant. Sure enough, the research proved that rock oil was the next big illuminant and Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company was created in 1854. However it was not a breeze to get this oil. Edwin Drake, a retired railway conductor, was tasked to use his salt techniques to find oil. In spring of 1859, Drake’s driller who was called “Uncle Billy” spotted oil...
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...1. Human Resource TOPIC THIS PAPER IS ABOUT: This research paper is talks about managing human resources globally and solving HR issues in a world of global competition. 2. HOW THE TEXTBOOK COVERS THIS TOPIC: In the past few decades, more and more companies are entering global markets by building facilities in various countries and exporting their goods. Since the companies set up their operations overseas, it would decrease their operating cost and attract more new customers. On the other hand, according to the textbook (p.458), the international business increase and change the demands on human resource management, and companies and employees have to understand the different cultures and laws in foreign countries. As the textbook (p.462) says, there are four factors affecting HRM in the global markets, and they are culture, education, economic systems and political-legal systems. Among these four factors, the culture would be the most significant consideration if the companies operating facilities overseas. According to the textbook (p.462), culture often determines the other three international influences and the effectiveness of various HRM practices. For example, people with different culture background would have different opinions about how decision should be handled and what motivates employees. Additionally, according to Geert Hofstede study of culture, there are five dimension of culture, and they are Individualism/collectivism, power distance concerns, uncertainty...
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...ASIA CONTINENT, ASIA FACTS Of all the seven continents, the continent of Asia is the largest with respect to both area and population while Australia being the smallest in both regards. The total area of Asia is calculated to be 43,810,582 kilometers square, covering 30% of the total earth's land and 8.66% of the total earth's surface. This continent shares its border with Ural Mountains to the East, the Arctic Ocean to the North, the Pacific Ocean to the West and the Indian Ocean to the South. The highest point in the World is Mount Everest with a height of 8,848 meters. This mountain is situated in the Tibetan region of the Himalayas that is situated in this gigantic continent. Other Asia facts includes the facts about Asian rivers. As, the rivers are considered to be the most needed natural phenomenon on earth and are immensely important geographically, biologically, historically and culturally. So, the 3rd longest river in the world; river Yangtze (6,211 km) is in Asia and flows through China. Desert is an area or landscape which gets least precipitation thus providing unfavorable conditions for the growth of plants and the survival of life. The largest desert in Asia is the Gobi desert measuring 281,800 km square. Climate and weather are important factors in tourist's decision making and influence the successful operation of tourism. Climate of Asia largely depends on its location and physical geography. This continent comprises of 53 countries including Russia and...
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