...representative of the government in American society; therefore police agencies are responsible for a wide variety of services (Fagin, 2005). Some of those responsibilities include traffic enforcement, accident investigation, patrol and first response to incidents, property crime investigation, violent crime investigation as well as investigating deaths and murders (Fagin, 2005). In other words law enforcement agencies are the ones that physically interact with the community most of the time. After the attack that happened on September 11th on the WTC and the Pentagon, “the criminal justice system assumed new roles on terrorism” (Fagin, 2005 page 19). Prior to the September 11 attack law enforcement agencies were dedicated to one primary goal which was fighting crime. Law Enforcement agencies did not consider airline hijacks as possible freedom fighters or...
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...INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT) PROCUREMENT MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS SECTION 2 PREPARING FOR ICT PROCUREMENT PLANNING How do we prepare for ICT Procurement? Looking at Total Cost Ownership What is the value of Hiring ICT Procurement Consultant? What are the classifications of ICT Procurement? Drafting the Technical Specifications, Scope of Work and Terms of Reference Drafting Service Level Requirements Reference to Benchmarks Use of Brand Names in ICT Procurement “Green” Considerations in Making Technical Specifications PREPARING THE BIDDING DOCUMENTS What are Bidding Documents? Who shall participate in the preparation of the Bidding Documents? BAC for ICT Projects What various types and sizes of contracts may be provided in the Bidding Documents How should Pre-Procurement Conference be conducted? Conducting Proof-of-Concept SECTION 3 INSTRUCTIONS ON THE PROCEDURAL STEPS FOR ICT PROCUREMENT Competitive Bidding ICTO-DOST Standards Development SECTION 4 GUIDELINES ON CONTRACT IMPLEMENTATION FOR ICT PROCUREMENT OF GOODS Dispute Resolution ANNEX A: Definition of Terms ANNEX B: Process Flow for Goods and Infrastructure ANNEX C1: Process Flow Quality Based Evaluation ANNEX C2: Process Flow Quality Cost Based Evaluation ANNEX D: Sample Technical Specification Checklist ANNEX E: Sample Bid Evaluation Template 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 7 10 11 11 11 13 13 14 14 14 17 17 18 18 18 19 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION This Manual seeks to...
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...THE SOCIAL FORCES BEHIND TRADE UNION FAILURE TO PROTECT WORKERS INTERESTS IN TANZANIA: A specific look at the Tanzania Teachers Union (TTU) Eric Michael Mattaba B.A (Sociology) Dissertation University of Dar es Salaam August 2015 THE SOCIAL FORCES BEHIND TRADE UNION FAILURE TO PROTECT WORKERS INTERESTS IN TANZANIA: A specific look at the Tanzania Teachers Union (TTU) By Eric Michael Mattaba A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Sociology) of the University of Dar es Salaam University of Dar es Salaam August 2015 CERTIFICATION The undersigned certify that they have read and hear by recommend for acceptance by the University of Dar es Salaam a dissertation entitled: The social forces behind trade union failure in protecting workers interest in Tanzania: A specific look at the Tanzania Teachers Union (TTU), in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Sociology) of the University of Dar es Salaam Mr. Armstrong Matogwa (Supervisor) DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I, Eric Michael Mattaba, hereby declare that this dissertation is my own original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented to any other University for a similar or any other degree award. Signature………………………………….. This dissertation is a copyright material protected under the Berne Convention, the copyright Act 1999 and other international and national enactments in that behalf, on intellectual property...
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...doi:10.3926/jiem.2010.v3n1.p11-32 JIEM, 2010 – 3(1): 11-32 – Online ISSN: 2013-0953 Print ISSN: 2013-8423 A case study of lean, sustainable manufacturing Geoff Miller1, Janice Pawloski2, Charles Standridge 3 1 Grand Rapids Chair Company (USA); 2, 3 School of Engineering, Grand Valley State University (USA) geoff@grandrapidschair.com; pawloskj@gvsu.edu; standric@gvsu.edu Received December 2009 Accepted May 2010 Abstract: A small furniture production company has integrated lean tools and sustainability concepts with discrete event simulation modeling and analysis as well as mathematical optimization to make a positive impact on the environment, society and its own financial success. The principles of lean manufacturing that aid in the elimination of waste have helped the company meet ever increasing customer demands while preserving valuable resources for future generations. The implementation of lean and sustainable manufacturing was aided by the use of discrete event simulation and optimization to overcome deficits in lean’s traditional implementation strategies. Lean and green manufacturing can have a more significant, positive impact on multiple measures of operational performance when implemented concurrently rather than separately. These ideas are demonstrated by three applications. Keywords: lean manufacturing, green manufacturing, case-study, discrete event simulation, optimization 1 Introduction Manufacturers are under tremendous pressure...
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...MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS INTRODUCTION Why merge? Why sell? A division of a company might no longer fit into larger corp’s plans, so corp sells division Infighting between owners of corp. Sell and split proceeds Incompetent management or ownership Need money Business is declining (e.g. a buggywhip company) Industry-specific conditions Economies of scale BASIC DEFINITIONS: MERGER: Owners of separate, roughly equal sized firms pool their interests in a single firm. Surviving firm takes on the assets and liabilities of the selling firm. PURCHASE: Purchasing firm pays for all the assets or all the stock of the selling firm. Distinction between a purchase and a merger depends on the final position of the shareholders of the constituent firms. TAKEOVER: A stock purchase offer in which the acquiring firm buys a controlling block of stock in the target. This enables purchasers to elect the board of directors. Both hostile and friendly takeovers exist. FREEZE-OUTS (also SQUEEZE-OUTS or CASH-OUTS): Transactions that eliminate minority SH interests. HORIZONTAL MERGERS: Mergers between competitors. This may create monopolies. Government responds by enacting Sherman Act and Clayton Act VERTICAL MERGERS: Mergers between companies which operate at different phases of production (e.g. GM merger with Fisher Auto Body.) Vertical mergers prevents a company from being held up by a supplier or consumer of goods. LEVERAGED BUYOUTS (LBOs): A private...
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...Corporate Governance refers to the way an organization is directed, administrated or controlled. It includes the set of rules and regulations that affect the manager’s decision and contribute to the way company is perceived by the current and potential stakeholders. The corporate governance structure specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in the corporation such as; boards, managers, shareholders and other stakeholders and spells out the rules and procedures and also decision making assistance on corporate affairs. By doing this, italso provides the structure through which the company’s objectives are set and the means of obtaining those objectives and monitoring performance. Corporate governance may be the ways of bringing the interests of investors and managers into line and ensuring that firms are run for the benefit of investors. Given the state of the economy of Pakistan in 2010, troubled as it is; ideally it would be more desirable to look at the governance issues at macro level for Pakistan. As a famous economist, Dr Shahid Javaid Burki- a long observer of Pakistan’s economy has recently stated “Pakistan can generate a greater bounce in its economy than India by creating better governance. It has occurred before in the country’s difficult economic history and could happen again.” (Improved Governance: Dawn, 12th, October 2010). However, as a starting point , in this paper we look at closely the governanceissues for the...
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...reporting and control to assist management in the formulation and implementation of an organization's strategy".[3] ------------------------------------------------- Scope, practice, and application[edit] The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) states that management accounting as practice extends to the following three areas: * Strategic management—advancing the role of the management accountant as a strategic partner in the organization. * Performance management—developing the practice of business decision-making and managing the performance of the organization. * Risk management—contributing to frameworks and practices for identifying, measuring, managing and reporting risks to the achievement of the objectives of the organization. The Institute of Certified...
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...taken to challenge these environments issues. In recent times, a consensus has emerged that environmental issues induced by industrial development should be addressed throughout the supply chain. This had led to the emergence of the concept suggested to as Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM). This research provided a concise background and challenges of green supply chain through applying qualitative analysis on potential implementation in existing literature. This research was use secondary data to analyze a single case study, which is a case study of Walmart GSCM. Data was collected through a quality source by process of evaluating the information sources. The research analysis have shown seven strategies that used at Walmart: Identifying goals, metrics, and new technologies, Providing network partner assistance to suppliers, Certifying environmentally sustainable products, Incentive for green products, Consolidating direct suppliers, Developing a sustainable standard, and Zero waste. In a conclusion, it was possible to understand that GSCM is one of the emerging approaches for retail industry. This approach had help the company differentiates from its competition and made its supply chain more efficient. This paper was useful in providing suggestions to the retail industry and other industries to either modify the GSCM strategy adopted within organization in order to achieve the required target, or identify the most suitable GSCM strategy to be implemented. Keywords: Supply...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHER MOTIVATION IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THIKA WEST DISTRICT, KIAMBU COUNTY BY TERESA KEMUNTO NYAKUNDI A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF EDUCATION IN THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OCTOBER, 2012 DECLARATION This Research Project is my original work and has not been presented to any other university for a degree or any other award. Signature________________________________ Date__________________________ TERESA KEMUNTO NYAKUNDI REG. E55/CE/14342/2009 This Research Project has been submitted for examination with our approval as University Supervisors: Signature_______________________ Date ________________________ Prof. Grace Bunyi Associate Professor Department of Educational Management, Policy and Curriculum Studies, School of Education Kenyatta University Signature_______________________ Date ________________________ Dr. Libese Senior lecturer Department of Educational Management, Policy and Curriculum Studies, School of Education Kenyatta University ii DEDICATION I dedicate this study to my family. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I acknowledge my supervisors Prof. Grace Bunyi and Dr. L.I Libese for their guidance during the writing of this project. If it were not for their guidance, this work could not have been a success. I also acknowledge teachers and principals of public secondary schools in Thika West District ...
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...hand if the power consumed by the load (PL) is greater than the power generated from the renewable energy source (PR) therefore the same FACTS controller may be used to absorb the additional power (PR – PL) from the grid to the load. In this case the FACTS controller must allow bi-directional power flow. If all the active houses are connected to the grid in the same way (proposed way), the active houses that generate more power than the load can be supplied to the active houses that generate less power than the load. Therefore a suitable FACTS controller should be designed in such a way that it can control the power flow in both directions. The idea is illustrated in the following figure. 1.2 Objectives: • Study on different FACTS controllers • Study on different renewable energy sources • Study on different energy storage devices • Study on different types of inverters • Implementation of all these resources in a smart grid Chapter 02 2.1 Introduction: The operation of an AC power transmission line is generally constrained by limitations of one or more parameters (such as line...
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...------------------------------------------------- Management accounting From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information.Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. (February 2012) | Accounting | | * Historical cost accounting * Constant purchasing power accounting * Management accounting * Tax accounting | Major types of accounting[show] | Auditing[show] | People and organizations[show] | Development[show] | Business portal | * v * t * e | In Management accounting or managerial accounting, managers use the provisions of accounting information in order to better inform themselves before they decide matters within their organizations, which aids their management and performance of control functions. Contents [hide] * 1 Definition * 2 Scope, practice, and application * 3 Differences between financial accountancy and management accounting * 4 Traditional vs. innovative practices * 5 Role within a corporation * 6 Specific methodologies * 6.1 Activity-based costing (ABC) * 6.2 Grenzplankostenrechnung (GPK) * 6.3 Lean accounting (accounting for lean enterprise) * 6.4 Resource consumption accounting (RCA) * 6.5 Throughput accounting * 6.6 Transfer pricing ...
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...Chap -1 Production management DEFINITION As any premises in which person are employed for the purpose of making altering , repairing ornamenting , finishing , clearing , washing , breaking , adopting for sale any article PRODUCTION AS THE CONVERSION PROCESS Production process of changing input into output . INPUT Lab our Material Equipment Capital Management OUTPUT Goods and services Conversion Process COMPARISION Actual V/s Planned The input to the production system are raw material , parts , energy , production schedules , information technology , capital or management and output are the goods , transported goods ,delivered message , services customers. For example :- 1) In manufacturing organization like steel plant , input are materials like iron , ore , coke , lime stone ,etc 2) In service organization like bank , inputs are customer and output are serviced customer COMPONENTS OF PRODUCTION FUNCTION PLANNING | * Product selection and design * Process selection and planning * Facility location * Facility layout and materials handling * Capital planning * Forecasting * Production planning | ORGANISING | * Work study and job design | CONTROLLONG | * Production control * Inventory control * Quality control * Maintenance and replacement * Cost of reduction and cost control | 1. Production selection and design -A right kinds of products and good design of the product are crucial for the...
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...Giving life to thought Sri Lanka Telecom PLC Annual Report 2014 Welcome to Sri Lanka Telecom PLC Annual Report 2014 Our Vision All Sri Lankans seamlessly connected with world-class information, communication and entertainment services. Our Mission Your trusted and proven partner for innovative and exciting communication experiences delivered with passion, quality and commitment. Contents SLT at a glance 02 SLT’s year at a glance 05 About this report 07 Letter from the Group Chairman 08 Letter from the Group Chief Executive Officer 10 Board of Directors 12 Leadership team 18 Corporate governance 23 Risk management 34 Management discussion and analysis 38 Financial reports Annual Report of the Board of Directors on the affairs of the Company 86 Statement of Directors in relation to their responsibility for the preparation of financial statements 93 Audit committee report 94 Independent auditors’ report 97 Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income 98 Statement of financial position 99 Statement of changes in equity - Group 100 Statement of changes in equity - Company 101 Statement of cash flows 102 Notes to the financial statements 103 Ten year progress - Group 150 Value added statement 151 Investor relations 152 Portfolio of lands 154 Milestones 157 GRI index 158 Abbreviations 161 Notice of meeting 162 Form of proxy Enclosed Corporate information Inner back cover Sri Lanka Telecom...
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...INTRODUCTION Since the first car rolled out on the streets of Mumbai (then Bombay) in 1898, the Automobile Industry of India has come a long way. During its early stages the auto industry was overlooked by the then Government and the policies were also not favorable. The liberalization policy and various tax relief by the Govt. of India in recent years has made remarkable impacts on Indian Automobile Industry. Indian auto industry, which is currently growing at the pace of around 18 % per annum, has become a hot destination for global auto players like Volvo, General Motors and Ford. A well developed transportation system plays a key role in the development of an economy, and India is no exception to it. With the growth of transportation system the Automotive Industry of India is also growing at rapid speed, occupying an important place on the 'canvas' of Indian economy. Today Indian automotive industry is fully capable in producing various kinds of vehicles and can be divided into 03 broad categories: Cars, two-wheelers and heavy vehicles. ← The first automobile in India rolled in 1897 in Bombay. ← India is being recognized as potential emerging auto market. ← Foreign players are adding to their investments in Indian auto industry. ← Within two-wheelers, motorcycles contribute 80% of the segment size. ← Unlike the USA, the Indian passenger vehicle market is dominated by cars (79%). ← Tata Motors dominates over 60% of the Indian commercial vehicle...
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...REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF LABOUR THE NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY MAY 2012 FOREWORD A proactive and well-functioning policy on Occupational Safety and Health is important for improving the safety and health of workers, reducing cost of business and improving productivity. The Government has developed this National Occupational Safety and Health Policy to enhance the framework for implementation of occupational safety and health programmes for the country’s development. Implementation of the policy will contribute significantly to the achievement of the goals of the Economic, Social and Political pillars of the country’s development blueprint, the Kenya Vision 2030. The Kenya Vision 2030 aims to create a globally competitive and prosperous country with a high quality of life by the year 2030. For the country to achieve the aspirations of the Vision, there is need to improve the safety and health of workers. It is expected therefore, that implementation of this Policy will contribute significantly to the country’s competitiveness and development of the human resource, and hence the achievement of the aspirations of the Vision 2030. Kenya faces a major challenge of employment creation, especially for the youth. However, a significant portion of those in employment still face the challenge of unsafe and unhealthy workplaces. It is therefore important that the country not only focuses on creating jobs but also improves safety and health at workplaces...
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