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The Growing Importance of Developing Managers to Be Emotionally and Socially Intelligent

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THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING MANAGERS TO BE EMOTIONALLY AND SOCIALLY INTELLIGENT

INTRODUCTION: “Knowing others and knowing oneself, in one hundred battles,-no danger. Not knowing the other and knowing oneself, - one victory for one loss. Not knowing the other and not knowing oneself, -in every battle certain defeat." Sun Tzu, The Art of War. “Emotional intelligence, more than any other factor, more than I.Q. or expertise, accounts for 85% to 90% of success at work. I.Q is a threshold competence. You need it, but it doesn’t make you a star. Emotional intelligence can.” Warren Bennis. “Social intelligence was therefore always at a high premium. A sharp sense of empathy can make a huge difference, and with it in an ability to manipulate, to gain cooperation, and to deceive.” Edward O. Wilson, DEFINITIONS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE : Emotional intelligence can be defined as an array of noncognitive skills, capabilities, and competencies that influence a person's ability to cope with environmental demands and pressures (Martinez, 1997). Emotional Intelligence is the ability to manage one’s emotions and appraise other’s emotions (Ekman 1993, Ekman & Friesen 1975) to empathize with other people, and to cope with emotional relationships (Harrison 1997). Goleman (1995) heralded and popularized the concept of Emotional Intelligence by positioning it as the best predictor of work and

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