...THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING NAME: Nash H Kabunda PROGRAMME: M.Eng ICT COURSE: EEE6511 (Telecoms Industry, Policy & Regulation) TASK: Assignment 2 LECTURER: Dr. D. Banda HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF THE ICT INDUSTRY IN ZAMBIA. The first telephone exchange to be placed in Zambia was installed in Livingstone in 1913. The telephone circuit backbone infrastructure was developed in the major Zambian cities along the so called “line of rail”. The ‘line of rail’ spans from Livingstone through Lusaka to Copperbelt provinces. After the independence of Zambia in 1964, the country’s economy was based on socialistic principles until 1991. This means major that major business institutions and industries such as the mines, airlines, national railways, the post and the telecommunication were wholly or majority share owned by the government of the republic of Zambia. Therefore the Zambia Telecommunication company provided all telecommunication and postal services as a monopoly in the early years after Zambia attained independence. Liberalization of Zambian Economy In 1991, Zambia political terrain changed to a multiparty and democratic environment. The new government commanded a new liberalized economy where private participation in all spheres of the economy was to be maximized and government’s minimized and eventually phased out completely. In a major effort to liberalize the telecommunications...
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...Requirements for a Suitable ICT Skills Assessment Result Required Level of AQF comparability Required ICT Content Required Qualification Closely Related to ANZSCO Required Relevant Work Experience Application Type Australian Bachelor Degree or higher ICT Major Closely related to the nominated occupation No Work Experience Required Temporary Graduate 485 Australian Bachelor Degree or higher ICT Major Closely related to the nominated occupation 1 year relevant work experience completed after the completion date of the relevant Australian qualification or completion of an ACS Professional Year Program Post Australian Study Skills Assessment Please Note: The work experience required to meet the suitability criteria is NOT included as “Skilled Employment” and is NOT eligible for points under the skilled migration points test for the following application types. For further information please refer to Section 5 of the Skill Assessment Guidelines for Applicants Bachelor Degree or higher ICT Major Closely related to the nominated occupation 2 years relevant work experience completed in the last 10 years or 4 years relevant work experience completed anytime in past work history Skills Bachelor Degree or higher ICT Major NOT closely related to the nominated occupation 4 years relevant work experience completed anytime in past work history Skills Bachelor Degree or higher ICT Minor Closely related...
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...ICT in Retail Sector – India ICT in Retail Sector India July 2011 Executive Summary Retail sector is estimated to reach INR x tr in 20‐‐ and is expected to witness a growth CAGR of a% to reach INR y tr in 20‐‐ IT / ICT adoption in India is fast gaining popularity, wherein growing retail and trade activity is p p p y g expected to push the adoption rate by a large extent Cuurrently, retail sector in India spend about b% ‐ c % of the overall yearly sales on IT services Market Availability of better and faster IT / ICT solutions with maximum accuracy is pushing the industry forward significantly Technology Adoption in Retail Currently, adoption of IT / ICT in retail sector is estimated at INR z bn of the overall IT / ICT Currently, adoption of IT / ICT in retail sector is estimated at INR z bn of the overall IT / ICT industry in India Growing trade and retail activities is resulting in the need for line of business specific applications aimed at catering to the specific needs of the sector p y pp y Cost component, flexibility and customization of applications are the key selection criteria amongst retailers for the selection of IT / ICT tools and services Cloud computing plays a major role in the enhancement of operational procedures of retailing wherein data and information are transmitted on a real time basis thereby facilitating faster decision making It is predominantly implemented in the fields of supply chain management, inventory ...
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...and Communication Technologies in Tourism Agenda 1. 1.1 ICT and tourism – introduction Tourism as information business 1.2 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 eTourism – ICT usage in tourism ICT usage in tourism – overview and case studies Tourism stakeholders and interfaces Tourism suppliers and eTourism Intermediaries and eTourism Destination organisations and eTourism Tourism management and eTourism 3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Trends and future applications Social Media & Web 2.0 Website optimisation Interoperability and semantic web Software agents Recommender systems Dynamic packaging Mobile services & ambient intelligence Online auctions in tourism 2 ICT in Tourism © copyright IFITT 1.2 eTourism – ICT usage in tourism Definition and history of eTourism Facts & trends Reasons, advantages and implications of ICT usage ECCA – eTourism Competence Center Austria 3 ICT in Tourism © copyright IFITT 1.2 eTourism – ICT usage in tourism Definition and history of eTourism Facts & trends Reasons, advantages and implications of ICT usage ECCA – eTourism Competence Center Austria 4 ICT in Tourism © copyright IFITT Introduction - ICT ICT - Information and Communication Technologies Umbrella term for technological developments for the Production, analysis, storage, search, distribution and use of information ICT includes a combination of hardware software telecommunications netware groupware humanware ICT enables effective data processing & communication for organisational...
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...Good Evening every one, The topic I am about to discuss this evening its regarding to the use of ICT and how impact on Health and Social Care Field. How do we support work in Health and Social Care by accessing and using ICT software package? Information and communications technology (ICT) refers to all the sources that send or receive massages/information such as: -television -cellular phones - computer and network hardware -software - satellite systems and services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning. ICT’s are often spoke of in a particular context, such as ICTs in -education -health care - or libraries There are a numbers of ICT softwares but only the standards one applies on HSC such as: -Word-Processing -Database -Spread sheets -Information Retrieval (IR) -Internet -Intranet - Email -Image software Standard Office Software Microsoft Office includes: -Microsoft Word : files/reports/documents - Microsoft Excel : Spread sheets /Database – Analyse health and social care data, calculations, create health and social care timetable for scheduling, service users information - OneNote : is a freeware note taking program. It gathers notes (handwritten or typed), drawings, screen clippings and audio commentaries. Notes can be shared with other OneNote users over the Internet or a network. - PowerPoint : create slideshows, composed of text, graphics and other objects, which can...
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...Communication Technology (Ict) Compliant Librarians On Library Services Delivery In Academic Library: The Case Of National Open University Of Nigeria(Noun)Library By Nebeolise, Lucy Ndidiamaka National Open University of Nigeria,Victoria Island , Lagos -----------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------- The study aimed at examining the impact of information and communication Technology (ICT) compliant librarians on library services delivery on NOUN library. The paper traces briefly the history of National Open University Library. The e-resources, staff strengths are highlighted. The study adopted the descriptive survey method. The questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. A total of fifty (50) questionnaires were distributed and collected back. The data collected were analyzed with the use of tables and simple percentages. From the analysis of the data collected, it was found that the use of ICT compliant librarians on library service delivery aids immensely in the development of NOUN library, quick delivery of information services, access and easy retrieval of information by users. The study shows thatInadequate ICT skilled professional Librarians, Inadequate provision of ICT training programmes, Inadequate Power supply and inadequate ICT infrastructures hinder the effective use of ICTs in NOUN library. Therefore...
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...Instruments Related to Information & Communication Technology | | | 9/10/2013 9/10/2013 ------------------------------------------------- WRITTEN BY ------------------------------------------------- WRITTEN BY Introduction Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. It is similar to Information Technology (IT), but focuses primarily on communication technologies. This includes the Internet, wireless networks, cell phones, and other communication mediums. Brief History on ICT The history of ICT originates from humble beginnings, which include the abacus. The abacus is thought to have been originally invented 3000 years before the birth of Christ. Calculators as we know them couldn’t have existed until 1780, when Benjamin Franklin discovered (through experimentation) electricity. The 1st general purpose computer was designed by Charles Babbage around the year of 1833. This was the biggest milestone to start the era of information and technology. Parts of a Computer A computer is really a system of many parts working together. The physical parts, which you can see and touch, are collectively called hardware. 1. Monitor A monitor displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. Like a television screen, a computer screen can show still or moving pictures. 2. Modem To connect your computer to the Internet, you need a modem. A modem is a device...
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...Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) refers to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the fields of socioeconomic development, international development and human rights. The theory behind this is that more and better information and communication furthers the development of a society. Aside from its reliance on technology, ICT4D also requires an understanding of community development, poverty, agriculture, healthcare, and basic education. Richard Heeks suggests that the the I in ICT4D is related with “library and information sciences”, the C is associated with “communication studies", the T is linked with “information systems", and the D for “development studies”.[1] It is aimed at bridging the digital divide and aid economic development by fostering equitable access to modern communications technologies. It is a powerful tool for economic and social development.[2] Other terms can also be used for "ICT4D" or "ICT4Dev" ("ICT for development") like ICTD ("ICT and development", which is used in a broader sense[3]) and development informatics. ICT4D can mean as dealing with disadvantaged populations anywhere in the world, but it is more seen with applications in developing countries. It concerns with directly applying information technology approaches to poverty reduction. ICTs can be applied directly, wherein its use directly benefits the disadvantaged population, or indirectly, wherein it can assist aid organisations or...
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...Pearlson & Saunders, 2013, Introduction; Tapscott, 2014, Ch. 1) @mtpadam Week 1 1 COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 WARNING This material has been copied and communicated to you by or on behalf of the University of Newcastle pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice. 1 Educational Objectives for Today • Foundations of the economy • Similarities and differences between analog and digital goods • Understand the basic concepts of the digital economy • A brief overview of the history of IT • Creative destruction and digital disruption | EBUS3050 | The Digital Economy| I. Introduction “These Google guys, they want to be billionaires and rock stars and go to conferences and all that. Let us see if they still want to run the business intwo to three years.” (Bill Gates, Microsoft, 2003) “$100 million is way to much to pay for Microsoft.” (IBM, 1982) Week 1 3 “Information technology and business are becoming inextricably interwoven. I don’t think anybody can talk meaningfully about one without the talking about the others.” (Bill Gates, Microsoft) “By 2005 or so, it will become clear that the Internet’s impact on the economy has been no greater than the fax machine.” (Paul Krugman...
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...Making sense of Gender and ICTs in Education: Exploring theoretical explanations for complex findings. Cheryl Brown and Laura Czerniewicz University of Cape Town Abstract This paper examines findings from two surveys of 10110 university students conducted in South Africa in 2004 and 2007. We report on the differences between male and females students access to and use of ICTs for learning. In particular we note that whilst equal opportunities do largely exist for both genders, there are subtle differences in terms of female students practical access and sense of personal agency. Findings about use are complicated with male students using ICTs more frequently particularly in the sciences disciplines and for activities such as information seeking and communication (in contrast to research elsewhere). In order to try and better understand our findings we explore four different theoretical perspectives namely; Bourdieu’s notion of habitus; Feminist Standpoint Theory; Critical Information Systems Theory; and Expectations States Theory. We then suggest using Bourdieu’s notion of habitus as we believe it offers us the most flexibility whilst enabling a gender focus to be maintained,. Introduction Research findings about gender differences and ICT access and use are complex and contradictory. While only a decade ago researchers were united about gender difference with regards to ICT access and use, recent discussions about gender divides are less emphatic, but more varied...
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...is “recent advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have had vivid effects on both individual and workplace performance” (Moshiri, 2009). Throughout the article the author thoroughly investigates ICT as well as the effects that is has on a firm’s productivity using data from a Canadian Workplace Survey from the period of 1999-2003. The author’s stance on the effects of ICT on the workplace is that it has a positive and significant effect on the productivity of firms. The author goes on to say that “Use of computer and the internet as general-purpose technologies has spread rapidly across all sectors of the economy, transforming business organization, increasing competition, and fostering innovation.” (Moshiri, 2009). He talks about the vast widespread of the creation of new technologies in the workplace as well as the use of them to create more productive work methods increasing the total workplace productivity and general employee technological sense. In the article, the author studies the data from various workplace surveys conducted during times of technological advancements and then displays the data to show whether or not the effects of ICT on the workplace have been positive or negative, which in this case it has been positive. Advances in ICT has transformed businesses and increased competition. Outlining some of the key concepts found in this article, the author stated that “The use of ICT by a firm reduces its production costs, leads to a better utilization...
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... Level of globalization impacts National states, organizations, individuals, facilitated by IT What is information technology is? Blurring of boundaries in IT Computer and phone. Computer and digital media Combination of hardware and software. The roles of IT Reduce costs, sources of innovation, improving quality of life, improving services, increasing access to services, increasing access to markets. Effects of IT Usage Individual usage – cohesive society, business usage – business innovation , government usage – effective government Global impacts. Increase in productivity, scalability, security, availability, increased access to resources such as open source software. Impact on sustainability ( green IT) IT History with focus on its global development Start of information processing: to record and communicate data. Over the centuries people...
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...Version 1.0 General Certificate of Education (A-level) June 2011 ICT (Specification 2520) INFO1 Unit 1: Practical Problem Solving in the Digital World Final Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all examiners participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the candidates’ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each examiner analyses a number of candidates’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of candidates’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available from: aqa.org.uk Copyright...
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...ICT (information and communication technologies) is increasingly reducing barriers among states, individuals and corporations by creating a more economic interdependence and global integration which in turn makes the globe a dynamic place. Since the development of technology the world has consistently been made smaller from time to time by reducing the physical, economical and socio-political barriers thus turning the world into what scholars refer to as a global village. We cannot talk about ICT and its role in flattening of the world without touching on globalization. Globalization in this case refers to the increasing free flow of readily available technology, ideas, market and people. In the book “The World is Flat” by Thomas Friedman he argues that ICT and global integration have enables countries like China and India to develop the fastest growing economies in the world. In his book Thomas starts us off by telling us he realizes the world is flat when he visits a campus in India. Friedman is impressed by the campus’s advanced technology such as the glass-and-steel buildings and large flat-screen televisions. The playing field has been leveled; now countries like India can compete for global knowledge. Friedman argues that we are now in the midst of Globalization 3.0 is a period in which the world shrinks from small to tiny, flattening to such a degree that individuals can collaborate and compete globally. The ...
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...Survey of Information & Communication Technology Utilization in Philippine Public High Schools Preliminary Findings Victoria L. Tinio Director for e-Learning Foundation for Information Technology Education and Development Commissioned by the Center of International Cooperation for Computerization Government of Japan March 2002 1 Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Context and Significance III. Methodology IV. Scope and Limitations V. Findings A. Profile of the schools General information Electrification and telephony B. History and goals of ICT use C. ICT resources and use Student-to-computer and teacher-to-computer ratios Processor types and operating systems Multimedia computers Software Peripherals Local area networks Instructional use of computers Internet access and use Non-instructional use of computers D. Staff development E. Technical support and needs F. Major obstacles to ICT use VI. Conclusions and Recommendations References 3 4 6 8 9 9 9 10 11 12 12 12 14 14 14 15 18 19 21 24 26 30 2 I. Introduction The world we live in today is very different from what it was a century, even a few decades ago. This transformation has been driven in part by rapid technological innovation. While the 19th century saw the rise of the Industrial Revolution, with steampowered machines intensifying and expanding human productive power, the 20th century was characterized by the birth of machine-powered flight and the emergence of broadcasting and computer technologies...
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