The History of Terrorism
This comprehensive description for the history of terrorism analysis provides insight into the French and Russian revolutions expanding the terrorism knowledge to the Irish revolutionaries for political changes. The change of faces in terrorism activities shows as the left wing extremists slowly faded away with the collapse of the communism. The modern right wing extremist have an old history of using religious aspects as an excuse for killing innocent people to gain the political advantages. The future of terrorism takes a newer turn with the introduction for the weapons of mass destruction causing deaths of millions of innocents for the terrorist's statement, and mission. The development of the Department of Homeland Security and United States Patriot Act helped the Intelligence community, government agencies, and law enforcement departments provide viable information toward modern terrorism tactics. The fight for everlasting freedom becomes a combination of information resources working together toward the same objectives.
Terrorism Phenomenon
According to Jacqueline Carberry (1999), "the global terrorism phenomenon used for political aspirations, sometimes as freedom from oppression, and changing of governmental politics" (685). This phenomenon affects everyone in any city in the United States, and international world. The term terrorism has no boundaries or respect for the national and international world. Every government across the global community uses a different interpretation for the word terrorism. According to Carberry (1999), "no single set of definitions provide the answers after a terrorist attack because every terrorist group is different with mode, means, and design" (p. 688). The most selective reason for terrorism undefinable stages show in the social and political situation within, or out of any global community, including the United States. The terrorism phenomenon fluctuates through influences of history, political power, or repression, mass media, and crime depending on the situation. The tactical definition describes terrorism as a fighting style because the violence created for high impact situations, for example, modes of public transportation. The basic forms create the most alarm includes bombing, arson, hijacking, assault, kidnapping, and attacking vulnerable targets. The difference between terrorism and crime is most criminal activity are crimes of opportunity and the terrorist determined to create the most impact plans every aspect. Most terrorists use force multipliers, including technology, transnational support, media, and religious fanaticism to build up the fear factor (Carberry, 1999).
French, Russian, and Irish Revolutionary Influences The first use of the term, terrorism began with the French Revolution's, "reign of terror" when the changing regime decided to use terror to control the citizens (White, 2006). The underlying problems created opportunities for the terrorists to take advantage and use religious conviction for changing political power. According to White (2006), "Russian revolutionaries used guerilla tactics of bombs, bombing, arson, hijacking, assault, kidnapping, and attacking vulnerable targets causing terror and mayhem throughout the countryside" ( p. 25). The hit, and run tactics of the guerilla warfare caused gaps in the tsar's defenses bringing down the government and changing the politics. An Irish political professor, Michael Collins studied the Russian revolutionaries' tactics creating the Irish Revolutionary Army to force the English to leave Ireland. He studied the unique guerilla warfare consisting bomb making, and effective ambushes using the advantage of the terrain along with art of concealment. Under his leadership, England granted Ireland independence showing the changing face of terrorism used to effect political change from oppression (White, 2006).
Domestic Terrorism
According to Kegley, (2003) "Russian and Irish guerilla tactics influenced domestic and foreign terrorism for every country in the western hemisphere" (p. 14-19). The United States, Mexico, South, and Central America created volatile groups with dangerous agendas, for example, the Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacy group. This group raised hatred, and terror for minorities using left-wing communist theology to promote a pure white world. The hate crimes judgments perpetuated against everyone not the same race, sexual orientation, age, or gender as the offender. These crimes against a person or persons consist of intimidation, bullying, harassment, verbal, or physical abuse, murder, rape, along with mental and physical assaults. Mexico. South and Central America shows widespread corruption among government officials to the drug cartels with innocent people caught in the middle. Every country produces both the domestic and foreign terrorist seeking to right the wrongs in his or her world with terror, and violence tactics gaining the attention of the outside world (Kegley, 2003).
Guerilla Ideological and Religious Motivated Terrorism The leftwing extremist influenced from the Marxist, Communist, or Socialist foundations of creating a world of white supremacy (Goldstein, 2007). This type of revolutionary did not make concessions, or trades for lives of the people inferior to the goal. After the Cold War, and loss of communism with the dismantling of the Soviet Union provides no foundation for leftwing extremist to develop hate campaigns against inferior people. The influence of historical changes produced the ring-wing extremist using religion as the basis for challenging the political, or social environment. According to Professor Goldstein (2007), "for the past decade, rightwing extremist shown the same extreme enthusiasm as the most avid follower of Taliban ideology sharing need to spread terror, and terrorism to make a political statement" (p.55-70). The modernism of guerilla warfare changed with the sophistication and knowledge of the Worldwide Web. The increase of knowledge on the Internet for learning to make bombs, and other terror components produces a wariness for the future building for weapons of mass destruction. This black market knowledge may supply the domestic and foreign terrorists with the right parts. No longer does the terrorist worry about moving the mass quantities of components, as everything is available online along with the expertise for developing a simple bomb, to the most complicated explosive. The government has tighten the regulations for individual items because simple household chemicals have bomb-making potential (Goldstein, 2007).
Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism
The United States and other countries around the world work to deter the building, and stockpiling weapons of mass destruction (Leeds, 2014). After the bombing of the World Trade center, the emphasis of finding the perpetrators of this crime took the forefront in the investigative measures. The desires for a terror organization to fund, process, and use (WMD) has sparked the terrorist and terrorist training camps shown through gathered intelligence of acquiring scientists, and materials. The current threats for the usage of WMD's identify North Korea and Iraq as working compatriots for building a nuclear missile (Leeds, 2014). The most current threat is the use of chemical and biological weapons from terrorist cells as this type of bomb may produce the greatest causalities from the smallest quantities of chemical agents. The current definition of a terrorist and terrorism shows no face, or identification made until after the bombing, or spread of chemical agent used for terrorism. This type of terrorist tactics shows familiar working from the past as every nation in war used, nuclear, chemical, and bioterrorism. The United States became the only nation to use a (WMD) on another nation, Japan in response to the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. The current history shows major countries signing a disarmament agreement to destroy WMD stockpiles (Leeds, 2014).
The Department of Homeland Security Terrorism Plans
According to Bullock, Haddow, and Coppola, (2013) "the Department of Homeland Security commands a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States and reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism (p. 324)." The United States Department of Homeland Security strategic planning for national security begins with an inspection, investigation, education, and prevention of terrorism in America's backyard. This department oversees the collaborating and integrating other agencies with a comprehensive national strategy plan. According to Rao, S, and Ramachandran, S (2007), "the information security policy sets the security direction for Department of Homeland Security" (p.1). The terrorist events of September 11, 2001, changed the focus to counterterrorism and anti-terrorism efforts. The evolutions of current threats to security shifted and altered the mold of protection against the current and possible threats. The Department of Homeland security approach uses an existing security blueprint to develop needed designs in the new security structure. The security framework designers create a new blueprint adapting the perimeters of security risks from the critical infrastructure analysis. The new blueprint provides a flexible and fluid ever-changing comprehensive security plan for the future of homeland security policies. The new plans show the concentrated effort safeguarding this country against any future attacks. The open form contact plan between federal and state agencies describes the continual support and resources through interagency collaboration (Bullock et al., 2013).
Department of homeland Security Partnerships
According to Hamilton Bean (2009), "the initiation of law enforcement partnerships at the federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial levels shows support for the backbone of America's domestic defense against terrorist attacks (p.340)." This supported effort permits intelligence community, government agencies, and law enforcement departments working together as an overlapping continual line of detection and prevention. The future of security risk management relates to terrorism and homeland security in current trends of mobilizing civilians. While simultaneously breaking the definitions down into manageable and actionable assessments of actions versus risk. Each department or agency provides a vital component for in ensuring public safety and secure in the homeland. This concept seeks to provide preparedness information nationwide for law enforcement, and critical incident planning objectives focused on accountability, efficiency, transparency, leadership development, and the reduction of duplication for resources (Bean, 2009).
Future of Terrorism Prevention
According to Gaines, and Kappeler, (2012) "a secure homeland using more than knowledge and experience for preventing terrorist attacks. The interagency partnership communication use for effectively managing other risks natural or manmade critical incidents" (p. 401). The economic safety concerns produced maintain the safety of Americans around the country strengthen the fundamental consideration in determining a plan of action. The future of security risk management relates to terrorism and homeland security in current trends of mobilizing civilians while simultaneously cutting the definitions down into manageable and actionable assessments of actions versus risk. The continual interventions and prevention training for anti–terrorism efforts and counterterrorism methods are more available to the intelligence community, government agencies, and law enforcement departments (Gaines, & Kappeler, 2012).
Conclusion
This terrorism comparison provided insight into the French and Russian revolutions expanding the terrorism knowledge to the Irish revolutionaries for political changes. The most selective reason for terrorism undefinable stages show in the social and political situation within, or out of any global community, including the United States. Every suspected bomber proved an inevitable history of hatred, or grudge against whoever, or whatever triggers the timing of the event. The desires for a terror organization to fund, process, and use (WMD) has sparked the terrorist and terrorist training camps shown through gathered intelligence of acquiring scientists, and materials. The United States Department of Homeland Security strategic planning for national security begins with an inspection, investigation, education, and prevention of terrorism in America's backyard. The supported effort permits intelligence community, government agencies, and law enforcement departments working together as an overlapping continual line of detection and prevention.

References
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