...639 Ashis Nandy, A past without history 1 of 8 http://www.india-seminar.com/2012/639/639_conversation_nan... A past without history Ashis Nandy, political psychologist, social theorist and cultural and political critic, in conversation with Hilal Ahmed and Priyadarshini Vijaisri, CSDS How would you look at the project of writing a history of the Centre? This question is significant because your work has had a great impact on the writing of colonial histories with a critical stance to the very project of history and historiography. How would you react to the idea of tracing the past in the disciplinary mode? Similarly, as the Centre reflects on its past, what do you think are the possible ways in which its institutional biography could be written? I look at this project with great enthusiasm but with a robust skepticism too. I am excited because this is an important project, but at the same time I am skeptical of the entire enterprise of history itself. As a psychologist, I recognize the fact that everybody requires an ancestry – real or imaginary, genuine or fake. However, the modes by which such lineages are traced and constituted by communities in the realm of everyday experiences do not entirely depend on what is often called professional ‘history’. History is just one kind of engagement with the past, which absolutizes it in such a way that the inner world of human emotions, sentiments, motives and pains are erased to accommodate the larger...
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...change. Culture, Medicine & Psychiatry, 28(4), 533-559. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database. Grey, S. (2008). Historical roots, contemporary relevance: Explaining the persistence of polygyny in Sub- Saharan Africa. Undercurrent Journal, 5(3), 6-19. Retrieved from the EBSCOhost database. Hoodfar, H. (1993). The veil in their minds and on our heads: The persistence of colonial images of Muslim women. Resources for Feminist Researchers, 22, 5-18. Retrieved from http://www.umass.edu/wost/syllabi/spring06/hoodfar.pdf Murphy, F. (2011). Archives of sorrow: An exploration of Australia's stolen generations and their journey into the past. History and Anthropology, 22(4), 481-495. Retrieved from the Murphy, F. (2011). Archives of sorrow: An exploration of Australia's stolen generations and their journey into the past. History...
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..."Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." This quote was told by the famous philosopher George Santayana. History means the study of past events especially in human affairs. There are many types when it comes to history there is cultural history, military history, history of religion and much more. Historians write in the context of their own time, and with due regard to the current dominant ideas of how to interpret the past, and sometimes write to provide lessons for their own society, and till this day historians discover new things of the past human life. The historians specify their studies depending on geographical location and time period. People must have a background about history to know who they are and where they come from without history it's like a person with no identity. It is very important for people to learn history because people can feel connected, and learns from the past, and information will help with daily life and careers. History makes the people feel connected and give them an identity. This is through studying the past life of your ancestors' culture, habits, religion, and their philosophy of life and also the environment they have lived in the past. It also gives them sense of connection to the place, time and community, and a historian once said : "The destruction of the past or, rather, of the social mechanisms that link one's contemporary experience to that of earlier generations, is one of the most characteristic and...
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...The Trailing Ghost: Examining Paul Cohen’s Three Keys the Historian’s Craft “History is simultaneously there and not there, real and illusory-a ghost forever trailing behind which vanishes when we turn around.” This is the daunting challenge that historian’s face when attempting to accurately elucidate the past. In Paul Cohen’s book History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth he examines China’s nineteenth century Boxer Rebellions through three historical lenses in an effort to both show both the benefits and potential pitfalls of the tools available to a historian in practicing his craft. He contends that reconstruction, experience, and myth are all necessary when studying history; that one of these keys should not be favors to the exclusion of others. The first key or lens that Cohen examines is that of historical reconstruction or studying an event in itself. Cohen attempts to traverse the academic “No Man’s Land” in the hotly contested conflict between historians that contend “there is a fundamental difference between history and reality” due to the narrative nature of history in contrast to the chaos of reality and those others that assert that “narrative is/an essential part of the past reality historians seek to elucidate.” In other words, Cohen argues that narrative and realism both have an equal place in the study of history. Though he champions many of the methods of historical reconstruction, Cohen also warns against the pitfall of “[assuming]...
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...Analyse the way in which history and memory generate compelling and unexpected insights. – Jake Cronin The interaction between history and memory is a complex and dialectic process through which perceptions of the past are negotiated, reinforced or challenged. Despite official history’s dependency on validating its claims through documented evidence, it must be acknowledged that it is not objective and remains vulnerable to distortion of those with political power or hegemony. Similarly, the subjective nature of memory allows for official history to be vulnerable to the bias of personal experience and differing perspectives. Furthermore, although official history and subjective memory both provide adequate insights into the past, it is through the consideration and combination of the two that compelling and unexpected insights into the past are generated. Paul Keating’s ‘The Redfern Address’ offers a reasonable challenge to the dominant historical narrative surrounding the European colonisation of Australia and their acts of social injustice in regards to Indigenous Australians. Similarly, Shaun Tan’s ‘Memorial’ explores Australia’s wartime history through the medium of a community’s personal experiences, perspectives and memories converging to form history, and illuminates the way in which history is dictated by those with political power. Through the dialectic interplay of history and meaning, compelling and unanticipated comprehensions of the past are generated and are negotiated...
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...CRUZ, Cherry Jeanne F. |Name of Patient: |Age: |Height: |Weight: |Gender: | |J.F.C |20 years old |5’2 |55kg | | |History of present illness: |Past medical History: |Social History: |Family History: |Drug Allergies: | |Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus-Type 1 |None |None |HTN (both sides of my |None | | | | |parents-grandfather and grandmother) | | A. Current Non-Prescription Medication -NONE B. Current Prescription Medication |Name of |Purpose or Reason |Dose |Times of Day |Side Effect/ |Adverse Effect |Drug Interaction | |Medication |taken | | |Special | | | | | | | |Instruction | | | |Mixtard 30 HM |Insulin-requiring |Inject/administer |6:00am- |None |Hypoglycemia, urticaria, rash, | ...
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...History (from Greek ἱστορία - historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation"[2]) is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians. It is a field of research which uses a narrative to examine and analyse the sequence of events, and it sometimes attempts to investigate objectively the patterns of cause and effect that determine events.[3][4] Historians debate the nature of history and its usefulness. This includes discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing "perspective" on the problems of the present.[3][5][6][7] The stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the legends surrounding King Arthur) are usually classified as cultural heritage rather than the "disinterested investigation" needed by the discipline of history.[8][9] Events of the past prior to written record are considered prehistory. Amongst scholars, the 5th-century BC Greek historian Herodotus is considered to be the "father of history", and, along with his contemporary Thucydides, forms the foundations for the modern study of history. Their influence, along with other historical traditions in other parts of their world, have spawned many different interpretations of the nature of history which has evolved over the centuries and are continuing to...
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...MODULE C – History and Memory Sample 1 How has your understanding of events, personalities or situations been shaped by their representations in the texts you have studied. Refer to your prescribed text and at least TWO other related texts of your own choosing. History can be defined as “the methodical record of public events” where memory is defined as “the faculty by which events are recalled or kept in mind”. Thus history and memory interrelate as history can be seen as the contextual justification for memory. “The Fiftieth Gate” is a poignant interweaving of history and memory. The text follows protagonist, Mark Baker an historian, son of Holocaust survivors Genia and Yossl (Joe), on an historical journey through memory, to uncover the origins of his past and act as a catalyst for future generations to also connect with their history. Mark Baker’s journey through history and memory is also executed through his conventional ideas that memory is biased and less valid than history. There are numerous references to the discrepancies between the personal memories of his parents and the documented history Mark as an historian believes. In this way it is apparent that Mark is on a quest for verification, “my facts from the past are different”. This displays the flaw Mark traditionally notes in memory and his need for historical evidence. As responders accompany Mark on his journey, they also encounter the complexity of simultaneously being a son and an historian. This...
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...of the past and not reduce history to a shallow field of point scoring. I believe that there is much that is worth preserving in the cultural heritage of our dispossessors as a nation, the Australian community has a collective consciousness that encompasses a responsibility for the present and future, and the past. To say that ordinary Australians who are part of the national community today do not have any connection with the shameful aspects of our past is at odds with our exhortations that they have connections to the prideful bits. If there is one thing about the colonial heritage of Australia that indigenous Australians might celebrate along with John Howard it must surely be the fact that upon the shoulders of the English settlers or invaders-call them what you will, came the common law of England and with it the civilised institution of native title. What more redemptive prospect can be painted about our country's colonial past?(65) From this perspective, the black armband view of history is a strand of 'political correctness'-the dominant but erroneous view of how we see ourselves and what we see as worthwhile in our culture. Historical understanding cannot be fixed for all time, Out of the present emerge new problems that require a re-examination of the past. The question we must ask is not “does history have to be rewritten?” but “does the re-evaluation of history lead to the discovery of historical truth?” In other words, does the re-evaluation of history deepen...
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...World” History throughout the world has given us the ability to the look into the future. The study of history may not be the most exhilarating, exciting, or entertaining. However, it is by far the most important. Many say “history repeats itself.” Others say “history is a precursor to the future.” However you want to word it, it doesn’t matter, all that matters is that through the study of history we can see mistakes people around the world have made in the past and learn from them so when the time arises for us to step up we will have the knowledge to know what to do. Also history can teach us how to except one another. When we learn about others cultures pasts we can see why they are the way they are and why they believe the way they believe. Lacking the study of “Ancient World History” one can easily assume that Muslims, Jews, and Christians a totally different people with different Gods; Allah, Jehovah, and God, respectively. In reality, through the study of “Ancient World History” this same person’s eyes can be opened, and thoughts broadened when they find out that Muslims, Jews, and Christians, worship the same God with different names; Allah, meaning total submission to God, and Jehovah meaning the exact same thing as God. Now with this new information this person has received, he can appreciate both religions for what they are and not come to an immediate assumption. “Ancient World History” specifically, is a type of history where we as Americans...
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...January 24, 2013 My general view of American history is that it is very important to know our history to prevent the mistakes we as a country have made in the past. I really believe that if we forget our past mistakes we are doomed to repeat them. So by saying this I think that the study of American history is not only helpful to our county as a whole but also very needful for each person in our country to help shape the future. I believe that most people don’t really understand the importance of knowing our past so they see no need to study our past. I believe the only real way of changing that view is by changing the way American history is taught to us by using examples of what happens when a society has forgotten the lessons of their past. Also another good way of teaching the importance of remembering history is just pointing out how our own past mistakes when not learned from are repeated. I decided to discuss the health care debate due to all of the history involved in other countries that have government controlled health care. When the healthcare bill was first passed a lot of people were against it being past due to in every country that has government controlled healthcare the heath care has went downhill to the point of certain operations were put on extreamly long wating list and others were not even done at all. Due to this many have came to America seeking these operations to servive. I find that by looking at the history of this debate you find why government controlled...
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...Coombs / SITUATIONAL COMMUNICATION JOURNAL OF BUSINESSCRISIS COMMUNICATION THEORY 10.1177/0021943604265607 IMPACT OF PAST CRISES ON CURRENT CRISIS COMMUNICATION Insights From Situational Crisis Communication Theory W. Timothy Coombs Eastern Illinois University Previous research based on Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) suggests that an organization’s past crises history affects the reputational threat posed by a current crisis when that crisis results from intentional acts by the organization. The study reported on in this article provides a wider test of crisis history to better assess its role in crisis communication. Results from the present investigation showed that a history of similar crises intensified the reputational threat of a current crisis even when the crisis arose from the victimization of the organization or from an accident, rather than from the organization’s intentional acts. The threat to reputation was primarily direct, rather than indirect, through perceived responsibility for the crisis. There was little difference in the perceptions of organizations identified as having had no history of past similar crises versus those for whom no information about past crises was provided. Perception of an organization’s responsibility was negatively correlated with the perceived impact on reputation. Implications for the practice of crisis communication and further development of SCCT are discussed. Keywords: crisis; communication; management;...
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...academic discipline. For a general history of human beings, see History of the world. For other uses, see History (disambiguation). Page semi-protected Historia by Nikolaos Gysis (1892) Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.[1] —George Santayana History (from Greek ἱστορία - historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation"[2]) is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians. It is a field of research which uses a narrative to examine and analyse the sequence of events, and it sometimes attempts to investigate objectively the patterns of cause and effect that determine events.[3][4] Historians debate the nature of history and its usefulness. This includes discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing "perspective" on the problems of the present.[3][5][6][7] The stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the legends surrounding King Arthur) are usually classified as cultural heritage rather than the "disinterested investigation" needed by the discipline of history.[8][9] Events of the past prior to written record are considered prehistory. Amongst scholars, the 5th-century BC Greek historian Herodotus is considered to be the "father of history", and, along with his contemporary...
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...children study history? There is no doubt that the primary purpose of schooling is to prepare students to function effectively in the world, and thereby to assist society to function effectively as well. We study the past in school not because students need to know a collection of old facts, but because history helps them understand how the world works and how human beings behave. Knowledge of the past is required for understanding present realities. When people share some common knowledge of history, they can discuss their understandings with one another. What does history give?Human self-awareness is the very essence of history. Arnold Toynbee said, “History is a search for light on the nature and destiny of man.” R.G. Collingwood wrote, “History is for human self-knowledge…the only clue to what man can do is what man has done. The value of history, then, is that it teaches us what man has done and thus what man is. Psychologist Bruno Bettleheim asserted that human self-knowledge is the most important role of education.” Most of all, our schools ought to teach the true nature of man, teach about his troubles with himself, his inner turmoil and about his difficulties in living with others. They should teach the prevalence and the power of both man’s social and asocial tendencies, and how the one can domesticate the other, without destroying his independence or self-love.” Read more: http://socyberty.com/education/teaching-history-is-important/#ixzz21GQnYhj0 Why history in the elementary...
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...Gate, deliberately chooses a fragmented, polymorphous structure united within an overarching narrative to embody how the disparate aspects of past human experience can be understood through the symbiotic reconciliation of the once polar oppositions of history and memory. Like Baker, Joe Kubert, in his graphic novel, Yossel April 19, 1943, deliberately chooses a raw drawing style and fictionalised recreations of silenced voices of the past to embody the subjective reality that is omitted from documented history. Both...
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