...Human Digestive System Twila Williams January 7, 2015 SCI/241 Shirlene Small Digestion is movement of breaking down what food you consume in your body through your mouth into molecules so that the body can absorb it. “Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in our diets must be broken down and later, reassembled in forms useful to our body.” (Carter, 2014) We often eat foods that are hard to digest or we have a problem that won’t allow us to digest foods properly. The digestion process is very important for our bodies to provide the necessary nutrients it needs to survive, but is the most complicated process. Before I take you through the process of the human digestive system, let me tell you about some foods that the body will digest easily and those foods that are hard to digest. If your diet consist of being high in fiber and fats then your body will have problems digesting these foods. Though fiber is supposed to be good for the body, it is also hard to digest. The organs and format that consist of the path that food travels through the human digestive system would consist of the mouth, which food enters and comes in contact with your saliva. The salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, all provide the necessary enzymes from their secretions for the process of the digestive system. When we see and smell food our saliva glands begin the process of the digestive system. After one put food in their mouth the teeth chew the food allowing the food to turn...
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...NASA Research Paper Chelsea Best 4138567 LSTD 300 Professor Kerney Since its beginning the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been pivotal in the scientific advancements made in the United States. Their vision, “To reach for new heights and reveal the unknown so that what we do and learn will benefit all humankind.” The scientist and researchers for NASA are trying to answer questions not just about the universe at large, but also about everyday human lives here on Earth. There are four focuses of NASA’s activity, called mission directives. Aeronautics, which focuses on meeting the worldwide demand for more eco-friendly and sustainable aircrafts. Human Exploration and Operations which involves operations on the International Space Station (ISS), developing commercial spaceflight and the ability for humans to explore beyond low-Earth Orbit. Scientist are exploring not only the Earth itself, but the universe beyond as well and works on charting the best exploration paths for us to continue discovering the universe. Space Technology is the final mission directive of NASA which combines elements from the others to develop and create the most innovative technology to aid future missions. NASA is also working hard to aid in the development of a private sector in space travel. Their hope is that by commercializing some aspects of space travel, such as routine trips to the ISS, more of their resources will be available for furthering their overall goals...
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...Human Digestion SCI/241 At the beginning of the digestive system the sight and the smell of food spurs through the salvia glands. Food is then moistened by the saliva, it is then chewed by the teeth in the mouth as the food enters the mouth it then transforms it into bolus. The bolus leaves the mouth and then travels toward your pharynx, you then swallow the food. It goes from the pharynx and then enters the esophagus it is a tunnel that is inside the body that connects the pharynx and the stomach together. Once the bolus has entered the stomach, it is then soaked with something called acid secretions it does this so that the bolus converts into a kind of liquid form food called chime. The stomach only partially digests the food that you swallow and the chime then vacates the stomach in about two to six hours. It just depends on how long it takes your body to digest the food. The food then goes to the small intestines when it does leave the stomach, in the small intestines the food is digested and absorption of the nutrients starts to occur. Any of the food that is not absorbed while inside the small intestine, then enters the large intestines through the sphincter, which this acts as a barrier that keeps the food from reentering the small intestine. After the food leaves the large intestine it then enters the colon and the rectum, in which both occupy the large intestine. The parts of the food that is water and certain types of vitamins and minerals get absorbed while...
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...J0hn smith University of Phoenix Human Digestion Summary Sc1241 Describe digestion in the mouth Digestion of food in the mouth start the process from the time the food touches your lips down to your stomach. When you have food in your plate and ready to eat, first thing that happens you see the food, then you can smell the food depend of what kind of food it is. Then you put the food in your mouth your saliva glands begin the digestive process as it moistened by saliva, the tongue helps mixed the food with saliva and ids in chewing by moving the food between teeth and masticated by the teeth, then the food transform into a bolus which is a mass of food that has been chewed at the point of swallowing. Once the bolus leaves your mouth, the food moves into the pharynx so it could be swallowed, then the bolus moves into the esophagus, which connects to the stomach. Describe digestion in the stomach Digestion in the stomach start after the bolus passes the esophagus and reaches the stomach where the bolus mixed with acid secretions that transform the bolus into a semiliquid food mass that is call chime. Depend on the size of the food you ate or the kind of food you ate your stomach digest the chime in two to six hours. Describe digestion in the small intestine In the small intestine is where the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients from food happens and it is divided in three parts, known as the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. Secretion...
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...is huge and many casual users do not even think about it, or if they do, only as an afterthought. This is one of the worst things that you can do in this day and age especially with the abundance of technology in our everyday lives. Everyone should care and be concerned about all levels of information security as a breach in security could mean financial ruin, personal embarrassment, stolen trade secrets, and much more. Intruders come from a wide variety of places and could be someone as simple as your next door neighbor stealing wireless internet from you to Chinese agents stealing classified weapon system designs from the US government. With the complexities of software these days there will always be vulnerabilities to expose and utilize which is why every user needs to stay on top of their own security. This typically means applying the latest operating system and software patches, maintaining a firewall and up to date virus scanning software, being intelligent about where you web surf and what you click on, and just being as smart in the digital world as you are in the physical world. This paper will cover some of the types of network attacks that are out there as well as various computer security threats that may be encountered as well as various preventative measures that can be utilized to minimize your exposure to attack. Primarily the paper will be based on small office and home networks but much of the information discussed will apply to any size network...
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...significant impacts on human life’ discuss this statement fully using named examples. Prokaryotes are unicellular microorganisms without a nucleus; they are divided into two groups’ Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. These microorganisms are very small and invisible and are known as the most dominant species on the earth’s biosphere as they are found almost everywhere on earth, they are predominately, found in our body’s immune system, and they are mainly responsible for the decomposition of dead matter which in return benefits both plants and animals. They are found in the air that we breathe, in the food that we eat, in deep seas, in cold and hot temperatures, sea corals, in salt water, fertile soils and in short, they are so diverse in their form of habitation and adaptation, as different types of bacteria adapt to different types of environments in different forms of life. However, bacteria are grouped according to their uniqueness, features, structure, functions, and contribution to human life. Prokaryotes are so beneficial to us because they act as defences to protect us from various diseases. The essay will examine the significant impact of prokaryotes to human life. The word bacteria may be frightening to most of us; in many cases it is often associated with many negative and harmful aspects such as infectious diseases, dental decay, mould and smell. But bacteria provide us with both positive and negative aspects which can contribute significantly to our human life. Prokaryotes...
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...organs and bodies. They share very common transport and digestive systems. Rats compared to humans the only major difference is that the heart is 3 chambers humans have 4.The rat has had latex injected into it. So the blood vessel was easily seen and colorized. The rat's fur actually did not stay in its normal colour. It changed to a brownish yellowish fur. It may have something to do with the chemicals that it was soaked it.By doing this rat dissection we not only gain experience on how to do dissections but we also help us to study and learn about the digestive system and transport system in rats. Instead of reading off charts we can see and figure out for ourselves, we are also able to memorize the different sorts of organs in the rat easily. (Michael Kent, 2000) The digestive system is the body system which breaks down large food particles into smaller units, which can be used by the body to promote growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Humans and most predators have a relatively simple digestive system. In the case of predators, this stems from their diet of primarily meat, which is rather easy to digest. In the case of humans, this is due to our lack of a specialize diet. Herbivores, however, usually have specialized structures because the cellulose in plant material is very difficult to digest.Rats, for instance, are granivores, which means they eat seeds and grains. Two key features to their digestive system are a lack of gall bladders and the presence of a large cecum....
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...Human Digestion System “The digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body” (Taylor). The process of digestion begins when food enters your mouth. Using your teeth to chew the foods in to small pieces and then mixing with saliva, your tongue pushes the food down the throat or pharynx. The saliva in your mouth moistens the food and contains salivary amylase that breaks down carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates. From the pharynx the food travels down the esophagus through the cardiac spincter to the stomach. The cardiac spincter is a ring located at the top of the stomach that opens when swallowing then closes again to trap food in the stomach. Taylor notes that the stomach contains hydrocloric acid and digestive enzymes that continues the digestion of food (2010). Hydrocloric acid kills the bacteria in food and begins to chemically break down food. From the stomach the food passes to the small intestion where 90% of the digestion of nutrients takes place. The liver produces bile and secretes it into the small intestion which then combines with digestive chemicals from the pancreas to complete the digestive process with chemical digestion of foods. A mixture of digestive juices from the pancreas digests protiens, nucleic acid, lipids and charbohydrates. By the time the food has left the small intestines, all of the nutrients have been reduced into chemical building blocks and absorbed into the system...
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...1 Learning objectives By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: Describe the mechanism of feeding State and explain four stages of food processing including hormonal control. Differentiate the variation in vertebrate digestive system. 2 Main feeding mechanisms Suspension feeders Substrate feeders Fluid feeders Bulk feeders Main feeding mechanisms Suspension feeder/ filter feeders Sieve small food particles from water E.g : whales, clams and flamingos 4 Main feeding mechanisms Substrate feeders Animals that live in/on their food source Eat their way through the food E.g : earthworms and termites 5 Main feeding mechanisms Fluid feeders Suck nutrient-rich fluid from a living host E.g : mosquito, aphids 6 Main feeding mechanisms Bulk feeders Eat relatively large pieces of food (swallow altogether) Spend a long time to digest their food E.g : snake 7 8 Mouth Esophagus Stomach Large intestine Rectum Anus Tongue Glands in mouth that make saliva Pancreas Liver Gallbladder 9 The mammalian digestive system consists of an alimentary canal and accessory glands that secrete digestive juices through ducts Mammalian accessory glands are the salivary glands, the pancreas, the liver, and the gallbladder 10 Stages of Food Processing Ingestion is the act of eating Digestion is the process of breaking food down into molecules small enough to absorb ...
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...I.Table of Content II. Introduction The Human Genome Project (HGP) goal is to describe in intricate detail the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from humans and other selected organisms. Because DNA is the information molecule that carries instructions for creating and maintaining all life, resources and analytical technologies generated by the HGP and other genetic research can be applied to the DNA of all organisms on earth. (Congressional Project, 1998) Gene tests. DNA-based tests are employed to diagnose a condition or estimate the likelihood for developing one, studies in Alzheimer's disease, (Atkins, E.R., 2010); Implications for Retinal Diseases Parapuram, S. K., Cojocaru, R. I., Chang, J. R., Khanna, R., Brooks, M., Othman, M., & Swaroop and A; (2010) and studies lead by team, led by (J. Craig Venter, 2010) at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Md., sketched out a rough picture of part of the human genome by identifying segments of genes that are turned on in the brain. Test results already are being offered as evidence to support medical and nonmedical cases in courts, including medical malpractice, discrimination, privacy violations, child custody disputes, and criminal cases, medical disease discoveries. Gene tests according to the Congressional Digest (1998), involve direct examination of the DNA molecule. A DNA sample can be obtained from any tissue, including blood. To do a gene test, scientists scan the sample, looking...
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...For thousands of years, pork has been forbidden by many religions. As a Muslim, I have been always considering why pork was forbidden. Finally, I have found out that pork was not only forbidden in Islam, it was also forbidden in many religions and cultures. Many scientific research about pork meat shows how dangerous pork is for humans. People love to eat pork in many countries all around the world of course; however, pork increases the cancer risk because of its nutrients. The most important reason is pork’s digestive system, which causes all the sicknesses and cancer risks in humans’ body. Everybody should avoid pork, because pork cannot digest toxins that make people sick, pork has a big amount of fat that makes people obese, the employees...
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...oblivious to the process that occurs when food is being processed in their stomach, and the various components and tools needed in order to drive it into motion. Just eating and swallowing alone use as many as 30 muscles in the human body. To begin, the mouth is where everything begins in the road to digestion. The mouth is where the teeth chomp and chew the food, in order to break it down into smaller pieces in order for swallowing. Next, the salivary glands then secrete the saliva in the mouth, which in then is able to break down the food into the starches known as dextrin and maltose. This chewed food, which is also known as bolus, begins in this preparatory...
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...Effects of Different pH Level on Amylase in Starch Introduction Amylase, a family of proteins that differ in isoforms, is a digestive enzyme found in saliva and pancreatic fluid that helps digest starch into simple sugars. (Scannapieco et. al., 1993). Amylase is the first step in digesting starch, which is used for the intake of carbohydrates or energy in humans. (Butterworth et. al., 2011). Amylase functions in the hydrolysis of starches, which produces glucose monomers. (Karp, 2010). This is essential in glycolysis and the harvesting of ATP. Since amylase is also a protein that performs enzymatic reactions, the secondary and tertiary structures are affected by external stimuli like pH. (Karp, 2010). When the structure is altered the affinity of the enzyme is changed. (Luesse, 2012). The point where the majority of enzymes are found to be most active is in the neutral pH range near 7. (Guyot et. al., 2000). Therefore, it can be said that extremely high or low pH’s denature an enzyme. By finding the specific pH at which amylase is most active, optimum production can be achieved. (Guyot et. al, 2000). In our experiment, we want to determine what pH levels is optimum for the enzymatic activity of amylase. To see if starch is broken down to glucose amylase, a spectrophotomer is used to see the amount of light that passed through. The more light that passes through the test tube means more starch was broken down into glucose. (Luesse, 2012). We hypothesized that the enzyme...
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...11/21/13 FLATULENCE Flatulence or “passing gas” is a normal biological process, like sweating, burping or breathing. It is usually a source of laughter and or embarrassment. Everybody farts, some people more than others. It is normal to pass gas from 6 to 20 times per day. In the majority of cases, it is not a serious condition. When we eat, drink or swallow saliva, we also swallow tiny amounts of air. This swallowed air accumulates in the stomach. The gas within our digestive system consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. When we digest food, gas, mainly in the form of hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide is released. As the gas builds up, the body releases the gas by either burping or farting. Other causes are: Beans - gas builds up inside the gut. Complex carbohydrates in beans are very difficult for humans to digest. They are digested by microorganisms in the gut - gut flora - methane-producing archaea. When the complex carbohydrates reach the lower intestine, bacteria feed on them, during which they produce gas. Lactose intolerance - when lactose-containing foods, such as milk are consumed, the bacteria feed on the lactose and produce excessive amounts of gas. Celiac disease - intolerance to gluten, a protein found in barley, wheat and rye. People with this condition who eat foods containing gluten tend to have flatulence problems. Artificial sweeteners - sorbitol and mannitol are found in candies, chewing-gums and sugar-free sweet foods. A considerable number...
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...Not much is known since the early aboriginal legal system. The Proto-Malays, which translate to Melayu asli (aboriginal Malay), were the most advanced in administrative. They were led by a batin and at any time when he was incapacitated, the jinang or menteri who was under him would act on behalf. A panglima exercised authority over more than one village while a penghulu administered a single village. Some aspects of this organization or variations of it still survive to this day, for instance, the Menteri Besar heads the government in a modern Malay state while the penghulu has remained throughout the millennia a key figure in local rural administration. It is clear that the prehistoric colonists had brought their own customary laws. Equally...
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