...Animal testing refers to experiments using animals to make discoveries in science and check the safety of products like cosmetics, food, and chemicals (HSI, 2004). Annually, over 100 million animals are used in scientific experiments and medical research worldwide (Taylor, Gordon, Langley, & Higgins, 2008). In comparison with the past, animal testing is now becoming even more prevalent. The quantity of rats and mice used in research has been increasing by approximately 20% per year and is expected to keep growing (Robert, Jacoby & Russell, 1998). The morality of this issue is currently being debated because conservationists are concerned about the animal rights. Hence, different perspectives emerged. Some people believe that animal experimentation...
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...Animal testing can be defined as “the use of non-human animals in research and development projects” (Dictionary.com, 2014), and is generally involved in the testing of medical or cosmetic products. Research on living animals has been “practiced since at least 500 BC,” and an estimated “26 million animals are used every year in the United States” for scientific and commercial testing (ProCon.org, 2016). While animal testing has contributed to progress in the medical field, the ethical barriers it brings up causes us to wonder if companies should be allowed to test on live animals for medical purposes. There are many non-profit organizations dedicated towards ending the use of animals in research, testing, and science education and replacing...
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...Alternative Ways to Animal Testing In the world today, science has seen its better days. Scientific methods developed and invented scientists have been used to demonstrate and explain almost everything in the world. Researchers studying biological issues have produced reports informing about the issues that surround us. For example, in tests that require human spacemen have been conducted using non-human animals for biological animal testing all over the world. Research has shown that about 100 million vertebrates are used for animal tests in the world every year; it has been reported that about 20 million rats were used within the United States for testing in 2001 (Hart, Wood, & Hart 35). This is alarming as far as animal protection issues are concerned. Animal rights organizations have however differed with these reports about the same issues raising havoc in matters of biological testing (Hunnicutt 65). This contradiction raises ethical issues in the field of scientific research requiring quick reconciliation of both groups to solve the problems of slowed critical medical researches; the Last Chance for Animals (LCA) and the Foundation for Biomedical Research (FBR) are an example of such differing research bodies. The Last Chance for Animals advocates for the abolition of the practise while FBR finds the practice legitimate and significant. This paper concentrates at the differing points of view of Last Chance for Animals and The Foundation for Biomedical Research...
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...Animal Testing Spring Ma “Across the globe, new products ranging from drugs for cancer, diabetes, and heart disease to cosmetic products such as soaps, shampoos, etc., are tested on animals (The Surprising Pros of Animal Testing You Never Thought About).” Today, with the medical technology advancing at such high velocities, it is certain that animals have been a major contributor of the achievements. Over the past 30 years, science has seen 24 substantial biomedical improves. According to the American Cancer Society, these discoveries all would have been impossible with the assist of animals. Seeing the significance animal testing has devoted to the science industry, it is certain that animal testing ought to be continued....
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...Animal testing is a world wide argument. Many people believe it is cruel and inhumane, others agree it is the best way to get fast results. This is a very controversial topic, especially in psychology. Psychologist do research to learn about behavior and how knowledge of behavior can be used to advance the welfare of people and animals. Overall, animal testing is right because it not only saves human lives, but animals as well, contributes to many life saving cures and lastly animals have shorter life cycles so it speeds up the result process. People think animal testing only benefits us, but it is widely used to save animals all around the world. Because when animals get sick we don't always know or understand why. So what could be better to learn about a rat or chimpanzee than testing on one? Animal researchers have reestablished populations of endangered and threatened species. They did this by...
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...Animal Testing According to Utilitarianism, Animal testing is morally good because it brings about great utility. Animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments. As a consequence of the polio vaccine, tested on animals, it reduced the global occurrence of the disease from 350,000 cases in 1988 to 223 cases in 2012. Around 2.5 million women walk on the breast for cancer survivor walkathon with great happiness. Happiness is increased because all those family members who had to see suffering: a mom go through chemotherapy, a son who has no energy left after dialysis to be a kid, a husband who has to see his wife work double shift to pay for his medication, now can be at peace as a consequence of animal testing. The annual income of an American is about $24,062; multiply it by how many people benefit from a vaccine dealing life or death and it is a very big net gain for the country. The numbers of animals tested does not surpass the life long pleasure it brings to people’s lives. Animals are appropriate research subjects because they are similar to human beings in many ways. Chimpanzees share 99% of their DNA with humans, and mice are 98% genetically similar to humans. Animal testing produces a greater outcome for many by great advancement in technology. Animals themselves benefit from the goodness of animal testing because vaccines are used to heal them too. If vaccines were not tested on animals, millions of animals would have died from rabies, distemper...
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...certain types of testing; especially on animals. Scientists have been conducting experiments on animals for centuries, which has resulted in many medical advances that would have otherwise taken much longer to realize. Consequently though, a great multitude of people has begun to advocate for animal rights in this area. They believe that certain restrictions should be set in place to limit the amount of suffering animals go through or to do away with testing on them all together. Several of these advocates claim that...
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...Animal testing is defined as the use of non-human animals in research and development projects, for purposes of determining the safety of substances such as foods or drugs. (Dictionary, 2013) Animal testing/research was first majorly noted during the late nineteenth when Louis Pasteur administered anthrax to sheep and showed the importance of vaccines with his germ theory. (Murnaghan, 2010) Animal testing over the years has provided us with crucial information in regards to the development of medicines and other medical research. It has helped Doctors and Scientists alike to create life-saving solutions to what were life threatening disease. Take the discovery of insulin for example, made by Dr. Fredrick Banting and Charles Best. From the studies they carried out, using dogs and cows, they managed to understand better the affliction that was and is Diabetes. They were able to use the research to isolate Insulin from the pancreases of dogs and to see its effect on other dogs with Diabetes. Without this research, the amount of people that could have died would have been unimaginable. However, these experiments took place in 1921, a time when technology was simply nothing more than a futuristic idea. So, why is it that in an age where technology and science has greatly increased, innocent animals continue to be inhumanly treated? Is it not reasonable to say that, medical research and medical technology has improved vastly over the last 100 years, yet the most prevalent way of researching...
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...implications of product testing and experimentation on animals have become a very controversial topic in recent years. Some companies choose to test their products on animals before putting them on the market for consumption by the general public. Other companies experiment on animals in hopes of learning new information that could improve the quality or longevity of human lives. Even though some companies have already changed their policies regarding experimentation on animals, there are still many well-known companies that choose to engage in this practise. Some of the most well-known companies that have not changed their policies regarding product testing on animals include Aveeno, Clorox, Head and Shoulders and Tide. These companies...
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...Abstract The contents of this paper will consist of the concepts of the ratio of the benefits and risk, and defining ethics of the use of animals in research. Animal research is a topic which is ethically sound and a concerning manner to researchers of the psychological field. There are issues of tests run on the animals which are controversial in manner and a part of the (APA) American Psychological Association ethical issue. The APA is a organization for psychologists in the United States, and designs rules and guides the profession of psychologists as well as other medical personnel. The impact of the testing of animals in the research of psychology will be included in the discussion. Ethics in Psychological Research Paper Animals in Research Ethics help guide researchers around ethical dilemmas that may arise when conducting research. Example questions would be is it acceptable to avoid telling the participant of a study as to what the researcher is looking for and testing about? In what instances is it acceptable and when is it not? The development of research ethics helps guide researchers to find the necessary answer to the different question types (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister, 2009). Conducting a scientific research is when researchers look for facts, try to prove theories, and declare the findings the truth, and those conducting research must use the ethics guidelines (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, & Zechmeister, 2009). The research study or...
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...face and listen. These dangers and reproaches are coming from activists who oppose animal experimentations done by the researchers. However, the researchers consider the experimentations are necessary in order to produce credible results and safe products, and it cannot be replaced or eliminated. Thus, some scientists believe that they should inform the public about the importance of animal testing to gain public advocacy. However, other scientists worry about this idea since the media can bring adverse result. Many scientists who speak in public about their work have suffered from activist intimidation and violence. For example, Colin Blakemore, neurobiologist at the University of Oxford, and his family suffered from terrorists after defending his animal research in public. Also, the University of Cambridge had to abandon its project in 2004 with the loss of local support due to the constant harassment of staff and members by animal activists. However, despite the insults and threats, some scientists believe that they should speak out about their research involving animal testing. They have organized or joined the group called Pro-Test to correct the misinformation put out by animal-right groups, and to tell the benefits of animal testing. As a result of their rally in 2006, Pro-Test have gained considerable public and media attention. In the same year, BBC broadcasted the documentary about animal research called “Monkeys, Rats and ME”. Furthermore, with the support and security...
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...The Body Shop, founded England in 1970, manufactures cosmetics that uses natural-ingredients that is ethical and free from animal testing. The Body Shop places great importance on ethical stances such as using natural ingredients that are not tested on animals, the use of fair trade in the cosmetic industry and has a strong Corporate Social Responsibility and is actively involved in community activities. The Body Shop revolves its social and environmental campaigns around its five core values namely Defending Human Rights, Supporting Community Trade, Protecting the Planet, Against Animal Testing and Promoting Self-Esteem (The Body Shop 2012). a) How well are they handling this? Defending Human Rights The Body Shop has a strong belief in the welfare of people, having a strong concern and respect for their heart and soul. They began their awareness campaign for HIV and AIDS since 1993, raising over £1m for the Staying Alive Foundation (Rawat 2010). The campaign against domestic violence attained £2.5m across 50 over countries by 2007. They also have awareness and funding campaigns to support the fight against human trafficking (The Body Shop 2012). Supporting Community Trade In 2007, The Body Shop was given a ‘Big Tick’ award by Business in the Community for their Community and Ethical Trade programmes (The Body Shop 2009). Protecting the Planet In 2008, The Body Shop substituted their carrier bags with 100% recycled bags (The Body Shop 2012). To prevent waste from the...
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...70 million animals scalded, force fed chemicals, genetically manipulated, hurt and killed in the USA alone. Is this really necessary? I believe that this torture is cruel and horribly selfish and barbarian. Not only are we harming innocent animals when there are many other valid ways of experimenting but everyday animals are being brutally killed for experiments that aren't even proven to give valuable, reliable results. Animal experimentation is a universal issue which provokes much controversy. As such a provocative subject it inevitably demands much attention. There is an aggressive yet on going argument which furiously debates the ethical question of animal rights against particularly ruthless scientific experiments. There is a plethora of statistics and data which strengthen the fight to ban animal testing, for example opinions of prestigious medical doctors and veterinary surgeons. Also, the misleading and underhanded attempt to disguise the vile treatment of animals by major companies and even charities insinuates that the immorality and pain inflicted upon these innocent creatures is in fact widely recognised, yet ignored. This needs to be changed. The success of animal experimentation is often exaggerated as revealed in a horrifying story told by the 'Daily Mail'. In 2000 a project carried out by Cambridge-based Imutran, which involved transplanting genetically modified pig hearts and kidneys into monkeys was told as a success story, until vital and disturbing evidence...
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...religious doctrine in the Ten Commandments: “Thou shalt not kill.” Moreover, when people talk about ethics, they will think about rules to differentiate right and wrong. It might be wise maxims of Confucius or religious beliefs. The most general way to define “ethics” is that “moral principles that govern a person's or group's behavior” (American English in Oxford Dictionary). Bioethics is a pretty young interdisciplinary study, which is considered with ethical questions related to the relationships among human beings, animals, and environments in the late twentieth century. Based on this, bioethics derived three main subdisciplines, which are medical ethics, animal ethics, and environmental ethics. Although each sub-discipline has particular study area in bioethics, there still are overlaps of ethical considerations and approaches. This makes it difficult to easily discuss ethics questions such as stem cell research, xenotransplantation, the ethical status of animals and the ethical status of the environment. Further discussion about the vital issue of moral status solutions is necessary at the same time. In the rapid development of the natural sciences and biotechnology has greatly promoted better living conditions and improve the living standards of people around the world. On another hand, there are opposite consequences, like water and air pollution, nuclear waste, tropical deforestation, as well as large-scale livestock farming, as well as special innovative technologies...
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... 24th February 2014 Bridge Street, Westminster, London, SW1A OAA Dear David Heyes, I am writing to you concerning the ever growing issue of animal testing and vivisection. For hundreds of years animals have been tampered with and killed for one reason alone - to satisfy our medicinal tenacities. Over 600,000 animals have been used this year alone; this figure is astounding and utterly shocking! These vulnerable, exposed creatures languish in pain everyday of their lives. Can you imagine living like this? After reading an article by Peter Tatchell, a human rights campaigner, it has intrigued and inspired me to make people aware of this urgent subject. I hope, after reading what I have to say, you will raise this issue in Parliament. As humans, how can we treat another being so horrendously? The pain that is inflicted on these un-consenting animals is the basis of my enmity towards it. Vivisection must stop! As Tatchell suggests, we MUST find a plausible humane replacement. Too many people, it comes as a surprise that the number of invasive medical experiments involving animals has continuously increased since modern records began in...
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