...The American Civil War is in its second year of intense fighting. Multiple strategic campaigns are occurring on both sides. General Ulysses S. Grant and his Union force are sitting on the banks of the Mississippi River on the way to certain victory at Vicksburg. General William Rosecrans and his Union force are in place to attack at Chattanooga, and the Confederate Army in the West is days away from being cut off from the South. General Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia are situated along the Rappahannock River in Virginia. Lee’s Army is battle-tested and carrying the confidence of decisive victories in Fredericksburg in December and most recently in Chancellorsville. General Lee is fully aware of the dire situation in the West and proposes to Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederate States, to begin a summer campaign in the North. General Lee’s reasons for this campaign were threefold. The first was that once across the Potomac hungry Rebels could feast in a land of plenty. The Virginia villages and farms could no longer sustain the logistical requirements of the Army of Northern Virginia, and Lee saw a campaign taking them north as a realistic way to replenish their supplies. The second was that General Lee believed “winning in the homeland of the Union would somehow give voice to the Northern peace movement and end the war”. General Lee’s third reason was that many...
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...Societies Part A: Mesopotamia is regarded as the birth place of civilization. “Historians believe that large civilizations began in Mesopotamia between 4,000 and 3,000 B.C.E.” (Wandrei, 2015). The most significant geographical factor that I feel contributed to the development of this society was the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. These rivers are part of a larger area referred to as the “fertile crescent” due to its rich soil. The soil is extremely rich due to the large amount of silt (a mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks) deposits left from the rivers during flooding, making ideal farming areas. Although the area was ideal for farming it was still extremely difficult to do due to this regions climate that usually only produced ten inches or less of rain. So with the drought and still occasional flooding, the Mesopotamian society had to learn how to control these factors to be able to succeed in this region. They had to build an irrigation system to help protect their homes from the floods and move water to their fields during the droughts. With this irrigation system it allowed for them to have a surplus in crop. Also, having access to the rivers allowed for them to trade some of their surplus crops to obtain other needed supplies to help continue building their society. “With irrigation and the necessary drainage, southern Mesopotamia became a land of plenty that could support a considerable population” (Edzard, D., 2015). After becoming more advanced, a process of...
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...Must one argue that America was built on the values of freedom? If this is true, which history has already proven it is, then why are we stripping the rights of our youth by requiring them to participate in mandatory volunteering? Before one can even begin to answer this they must also ask what is volunteering? In short it is offering to do something “freely”. Schools should not force our students to participate in volunteering, because they are inevitably causing the youth to be rebellious and devaluing the appreciation for true volunteering. While volunteering may be a seemingly good thing, mandatory volunteering causes young adolescents to rebel against community service and volunteer work. According to the Cognitive Evaluation Theory study, people tend to resist and lose interest in what is being asked of them when they feel they are being controlled by an outside source because of the human nature of individualism(Pearce 1).This is already seen in other school situations, such as with homework. Many children will often refuse to do rudimentary or simple homework assignments. Throughout history, volunteering has evolved into a cultural connection; a common characteristic of humans on a local, national, and global level is the desire to help one another. Although this statement is not necessarily true for every individual, most people feel an urgency to assist friends, family members, coworkers, and/or strangers in need or in crisis. Why should we volunteer? Many people...
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...Thomas Jefferson author of the declaration of independence was born April 3, 1743 in Virginia. Jefferson was the third president of the united states and founder of the university of virginia. Thomas Jefferson was the son of Peter Jefferson, a successful planter and surveyor. His mother Jane Randolph was a member of one of the most families in virginia. Jefferson inherited land from his father and started building monticello at age 26. Three years later he married Martha Wayles Skelton. During this marriage he had six kids, only two survived until adulthood. At the age of nine Jefferson began his formal studies. He did boarding school until the age of sixteen. In 1760 he enrolled at the college of William and Mary. During this time he took science, mathematics, rhetoric, philosophy, and literature. Jefferson looked up to William Small as a mentor. He also pursued legal studies with George Wythe. Jefferson was perhaps one of the best read lawyers upon his admission to the Virginia bar in April 1767. The study of law meant a lot to Jefferson. He felt that legal issues allowed him to consider many aspects of society, including its history, politics, culture, institutions, and the moral conscience of its people. During this time not many people could afford the education that he...
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...America Importance of Hernando de Soto, Hernán Cortez, Christopher Columbus o Columbus began first permanent contact between Europeans and the Americas o Hernando De Soto discovered the Mississippi o Francisco Cortes explored the SW (Grand Canyon), brought horses to Native Americans, 2. French (new French) Reasons for exploration o Fishing and Fur Trade Area claimed o All along the Saint Lawrence River and later the Mississippi River to Louisiana Importance of Verazzano, Cartier, Champlain, de la Salle. o Verazzano was first to discover New York and claim it for France; has a bridge named after himself o Jacques Cartier sailed up the Saint Lawrence River and founded Montreal (but was considered a failure by the French) o Samual de Champlain founded Quebec City and is known as the father of New France o de la Salle sailed down the Mississippi, founded Memphis and claimed Louisiana (named after Louis XIV) for France 3. English Reasons for exploration o Mercantilism – more land and raw resources for land-starved English, along with the creation of new markets for goods Lost colony of Roanoke (story) o (2nd voyage to Roanoke 1st hitched a ride back with Sir Francis Drake) Sailed to Roanoke and ran out of supplies. John White then sailed back to England for supplies, but was delayed 3 years because of English-Spanish War. When he finally sailed back Roanoke had disappeared with only the word “CROATOAN” left behind. John white/Virginia Dare o John...
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...consequences from that of other European nations. The English Monarchs had destroyed the power of the feudal nobility and had established a strong centralized state and in so doing, the monarchs had encouraged the growth of the business middle classes, the merchants and entrepreneurs who were to be major agents of the modernizing process. By seventeenth centaury, England's imperial reach was global; it stretched west from Ireland to Newfound land to Bermuda, and eastward to the subcontinent of India. It was to the west in the New World in 1606 that King James issued charter to two joint stock companies to colonize the land that Sir Walter Raleigh had named Virginia in honor of the Virgin Queen Elizabeth. The company promptly sent out an expedition of 144 people and after four months arduous voyage they reached Chesapeake Bay in April 1607. The 105 surviving English men than proceeded up a great river, which they named for King James, and founded Jamestown- the first permanent English settlement in North America. For one category of immigrants the Virginia environment (James town) produced not self fulfillment but enslavement. In 1619, a Dutch trading ship dropped anchor at...
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...The southern colonies economy thrived on agriculture(GA,SC,NC,MD,VA) This economy created plantations, large rural society, and a need for slaves. Often built next to rivers so they could directly ship goods. Controlled the economy of the South-more small farms. African slaves became part of the triangular trade (middle passage) Slaves were captured by other Africans. Journey took 5-8 weeks. Once in America, 80-90% worked in the fields while the others became domestic slaves. Thriving industries in the north were grinding wheat, fishing, and lumber. Port cities grew (Boston, NY, PA). The major cash crops were wheat and corn. Persuasive purpose of a slave narrative is to expose the evils of slavery and turn people against it. Olaudah was kidnapped when he was 11, he was in the west indies then Virginia, enslaved 10 years then bought freedom. Abolitionist was someone that wanted to abolish slavery. The time period of the enlightenment was the 1700’s in Europe. “Scientists began looking beyond religion for answers on how the world worked. The world is governed by fixed math laws rather than souly the will of god” encouraged by the Renaissance. Lead colonists to question British monarchy. Rational though 0 discovery of natural laws & principles of governing the world and human behavior (value scientific method & reason) Key players: Galileo Galilei, Ben Franklin(truth through experiment) Tom Jefferson(born w/ natural rights-Locke), Sir Isaac Newton, Nicolas Cofernicus (pub. edu.)...
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...Finishing near the bottom of his graduation class in West Point, Ulysses S. Grant was a talented equestrian who experienced many highs and lows in his life. Given his background, one would have never known about Grant’s accomplishments in the bloody war. In fact, Ulysses S. Grant’s career in the military was an accident. In 1839, Jesse Grant, Ulysses S. Grant’s father, enrolled his son into the military at West Point. His father believed it was the right decision, and Ulysses “thought so too, if he did” (Grant 9). However, even at West Point, Grant was not an outstanding student, but rather a shy and average student. To elaborate, “The simple local schools bored him, and other children mistook his quietness for stupidity” (qtd. in American President: Ulysses S. Grant 13)....
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...that ‘revolutionary’ is a fitting word to describe it. It ranks in importance with emancipation, for the sugar revolution changed the Lesser Antilles completely. It was not just that sugar replaced tobacco as the chief crop: the population changed from white to black; the size of landholdings changed; and eventually the West Indies became ‘the cockpit of Europe’. The list of changes the sugar revolution brought is almost inexhaustible. The sugar revolution is most clearly demonstrated in the history of Barbados where it occurred in roughly one decade, 1640 to 1650. It was not quite so rapid in the other islands. For example, Jamaica changed to sugar slowly and less completely at a much later date. However, in each island ‘revolution’ can be used to denote the startling economic, social and political changes that occurred. Causes of the sugar revolution Fall in West Indian tobacco prices The forces which brought about the change from tobacco to sugar all came together about 1640. Tobacco, the crop on which the economy of the Lesser Antilles was founded, started to decline as a result of competition from Virginia tobacco. In 1613 John Rolfe had introduced tobacco to Virginia, the earliest of the North American colonies. A variety imported from Trinidad proved very satisfactory. It is ironic that a variety from the West Indies should be the source of the decline of the West Indian tobacco crop! By 1627 Virginia was able to ship nearly 500 000 lbs (226 800 kg) of tobacco to England...
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...1882. Virginia Woolf born (25 Jan) Adeline Virginia Stephen, third child of Leslie Stephen (Victorian man of letters – first editor of theDictionary of National Biography) – and Julia Duckworth (of the Duckworth publishing family). Comfortable upper middle class family background. Her father had previously been married to the daughter of the novelist William Makepeace Thackery. Brothers Thoby and Adrian went to Cambridge, and her sister Vanessa became a painter. Virginia was educated by private tutors and by extensive reading of literary classics in her father’s library. 1895. Death of her mother. VW has the first of many nervous breakdowns. 1896. Travels in France with her sister Vanessa. 1897. Death of half-sister, Stella. VW learning Greek and History at King’s College London. 1899. Brother Thoby enters Trinity College, Cambridge and subsequently meets Lytton Strachey, Leonard Woolf, and Clive Bell. These Cambridge friends subsequently become known as the Bloomsbury Group, of which VW was an important and influential member. 1904. Death of father. Beginning of second serious breakdown. VW’s first publication is an unsigned review in The Guardian. Travels in France and Italy with her sister Vanessa and her friend Violet Dickinson. VW moves to Gordon Square in Bloomsbury. Other residents of this Square include Lady Jane Strachey, Charlotte Mew, and Dora Carrington. 1905. Travels in Spain and Portugal.Writes book reviews and teaches once a week at Morley College, London...
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...Home Discover History Articles Notable Mayflower Descendants Pilgrim Biographies Commemorations Pilgrim Memorials Around the World The Society How to Join Society Information SMDPA News Newsletter JR PA Mayflower Newsletter For Teachers & Students Links Contact Membership Info Apply Now Eligibility & How To Join Proving Your Lineage Passenger List About the SMDPA Donate Contact Us Discover History Articles Comparing Plymouth and Jamestown Comparing Plymouth and Jamestown Written by Robert Jennings Heinsohn 1. Introduction Pilgrim families arrived in Holland in the spring of 1608 and in Plymouth in December 1620. In May 1607, 105 men arrived in Jamestown to establish the first permanent English settlement in North America. While the individuals in both settlements were English, the they were different in many important ways. To fully appreciate our Pilgrim heritage, it is important to understand the differences between Plymouth and Jamestown. This essay identifies major differences and explains how these differences affected the settlements during the first few decades of their arrival. 2. Royal Charters and Patents Sir Humphrey Gilbert c. 1539-1583 Early Efforts to Colonize North America Queen Elizabeth granted a patent (Royal Charter) to Sir Humphrey Gilbert (half brother of Sir Walter Ralegh) who led an expedition to Newfoundland in 1583 and claimed it for England. For the next thirty years he tried, but without success,...
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...Old Dominion University | The Impact of Culture on Virginia Politics | POLS 311 | Geraldine Pearman 9-19-2015 | Geraldine Pearman Virginia History and Politics Dr. Pelletier Fall 2015 The Impact of Culture on Virginia Politics A culture can be defined as a way of life of a group of people- their behaviors, beliefs, values that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next. It also includes the customs, arts, literature, morals/values and traditions of a particular society or group (Virginia Encyclopedia). Culture can also be considered as a way of thinking, behaving, or working that exists in places or organizations. This topic is of huge importance to our society mainly in the state of Virginia because it is the starting place for cultures across the United States. The United States is referred to as a “melting pot” because of the many and diverse cultures that exist and “melt” together in harmony with one another. In my opinion, Virginia is like a melting pot of its own. While hospitality and natural beauty exist nearly anywhere in Virginia, each of its cities has its own special characteristics that make them stand out. In Virginia Beach is where you will find a magnificent beach resort atmosphere. The ocean plays a major role in Virginia's economy. Southern Virginia's beach towns are always swarmed with local families and summer vacationers, offering sandy beaches and warm ocean water. In addition, the naval station in...
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...|Cornell Notes | | |Lecture, reading/chapter/novel/article during |Name: Jaylyn Bercier | |class, power point, movies (if need to collect | | |info.) |Class: Mrs. MyerPeriod: ________ | | | | |Topic:____8TH grade history |Date: 46:20 | |_________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | ...
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...A Proposal for a Visiting Resident Fellowship at the Virginia Commonwealth University of Virginia, U.S.A. I: Introduction Mevlana Jalaluddin Rumi, the twelfth century mystic, says in a poem with which I often begin my recitals: I am neither Christian nor Jew nor Magian nor Musalman, I am not of any one country : India, China, Bulgaria, Scyte.. My place is placeless My trace is traceless It is neither body nor soul It is all the life of my Beloved. This proposal is about a seeker, an explorer of the soul through poetry and acting, with entertainment as second nature, by getting into the skin of men, women and children as actors do – in addition to a desire that seeks to understand and interact with others. Sufism expounds on simple living, sharing and forsaking for others. The good food and vine need not be consumed, but the spicier, crustier and more divine it is when given away, carries it farther with wings of the soul. That man by the Church who cannot walk as you do, who is asking for alms is doing what he does, but you need him more than he needs your cents. These viewpoints are inspired from Sufi thought but the anecdotes are my own assimilation from Italy this summer. This proposal is on the cutting edge for the Department of Film and Photography at the Virginia Commonwealth University. This is a proposal by a writer/actor who...
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...Campaign, Robert E. Lee, "Jeb" Stuart, Seven Days' Battles, Anaconda Plan 15. Describe the grand strategy of the North for winning the war. Union turned to 6-part strategy of total war – Suffocate South by blockading its ports – Free the slave to undermine economy of South – Cut Confederacy in 1/2 by taking control of Mississippi River – Cut Confederacy into pieces by sending troops into Georgia and Carolinas – Take Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia – Engage the enemy everywhere and grind them into submission The War at Sea Know: Blockade, Continuous Voyage, Merrimac, Monitor 16. What was questionable about the blockade practices of the North? Why did Britain honor the blockade anyway? Blockade began with leaks and was strengthened was war went on – At first, North concentrated on major ports (where cotton could be loaded) Would have defied it, but Britain warned shippers they would punish violators • Britain, as major sea power, wanted its future blockades respected also The Pivotal Point: Antietam 17. Why was the battle of Antietam "...probably the most decisive of the Civil War?" Importance of Antietam – Most...
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