... Matter is not real. It attaches great significance to the study of man and his mind. It maintains that the material and physical universe is subordinate to a higher type of reality, a spiritual universe. CHIEF EXPONENTS OF IDEALISM (I) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) The Videc Rishis of India Plato – (427-347 B.C) Kant (1724- 1804 A.D) Hegal (1770-1831 A.D) Froebel (1772 – 1852 A.D) Swami Dyananda (1825 – 1883 A.D) R.N. Tagore (1861-1941 A.D) Aurobindo Ghosh (1872 – 1950 A.D) 02. MEANING OF IDEALISM The word „Idealism‟ signifies two terms: „Idea‟ and „ideal‟. In other words Idealism is born out of Plato‟s “Theory of Ideas”. According to this doctrine, the ultimate supremacy is of ideas. In this way, the real word is „ideaism‟, but adding the letter „I‟ for pronunciation facility it is known as idealism. 03. DEFINITION OF IDEALISM (i) (ii) Views of D.M. Dutta: “Idealism holds that ultimate reality is spiritual”. Views of J.S. Ross: “Mind or spirit is the essential world stuff that the true reality is of a mental character”. (iii) Harold B. Titus: “Idealism asserts that reality consists of ideas, thoughts, minds, or selves rather than material objects and force”. (iv) R.N. Tagore: “Idealism is that school of philosophy which Iays great emphasis on ideas as well as on moral and spiritual values”. ..1.. (v) Oxford dictionary: “Idealism means representation of things in an ideal form, imaginative treatment, system of thought in which the object of external perception...
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...2001) Kebalikannya dari kepuasan kerja karyawan tingkat operasional, Batthi (20010) stres ditentukan 67% oleh faktor di dalam organisasi (beban kerja, waktu kerja, kepemimpinan, kebijakan perusahaan, kondisi kerja) dan 33% faktor di luar organisasi (kondisi ekonomi, keluarga karyawan, cuaca). Selain faktor di atas, salah satu yang perlu diketahui oleh pemimpin adalah seberapa besar pengaruh kepemimpinan, gaya kepemimpinan, dan spiritualitas pemimpin terhadap kepuasan kerja. Penelitian Aydin dan Ceylan (2009) menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan kerja lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor budaya organisasi daripada kepemimpinan spiritual (Aydin & Ceylan, 2009), sedangkan kepemimpinan spiritual merupakan konsep yang sama sekali berbeda dengan spiritualitas dan religiositas dari pemimpin, walaupun begitu spiritualitas dan religiositas memiliki korelasi yang rendah dengan kepemimpinan spiritual Ayranci &...
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...Religious Diversification Today Religious diversification in the workplace is an issue employers will always face. Management of this diversity is necessary so that employees can reach their full potential, maximize productivity, and create a positive work environment by which everybody is accommodated. By understanding the positives and negatives of having religion and spirituality in the workplace, it is clear that there are advantages and disadvantages. Positive aspects of integrating religion or spirituality into the workplace may include improved worker performance and better relationships between management and employees. There are disadvantages as well, such as discrimination, and resistance to religious culture, which can reduce productivity and may lead to legal issues. Law and Regulation The most common way a company integrates religious views into their work place would depend if the company were public or privately held. For example, if the CEO of a private organization was Christian there might be rules for allowing extra prayer time at the work. Under federal law, regarding religious expression in private work areas, “Employees should be permitted to engage in private religious expression in personal work areas not regularly open to the public”(Earp, 2008). Publicly held organizations must allow for prayer during the day and if the other employees are atheist or another religion they must be respectful. As long as work is being completed during work hours all...
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...Multiple Intelligence Howard Gardner created the theory of Multiple Intelligences in 1983. Gardner proposed that there were many different ways to demonstrate intellectual ability (McKethan, Robinowitz & Kernold, 2010). It’s a theory that was developed to document the fact that human beings have very different kinds of intellectual strengths and that these strengths are very, very important in how kids learn and how people represent things in their minds, and then how people use them in order to show what it is that they've understood (Video). The nine intelligences include Linguistic intelligence (verbal skills and talents related to sound, meanings, and rhythms)-the ability to express abstract concepts and ideas in words; Logical-mathematical intelligence (conceptual and logical thinking skills)-the ability to solve problems with logical, analytical, reasoning; this intelligence is measures by IQ tests; Musical intelligence (talents and abilities related to sound, rhythm, and pitch)-ability to express ideas through music; Spatial intelligence (skill in thinking in pictures and visioning abstractly)-the ability to form mental models of a spatial world and solve problems through their manipulation; Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (skill in controlling body movements)-the ability to solve problems or express concepts using the whole parts of the body; Interpersonal intelligence (responsiveness to others)-the ability to...
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...Christopher Von Allmen The FINAL Question In this final task, I would like to touch up on two different things. First I would like to talk about the presence of the cultural contributions that we associate with Ancient Israel and New Testament Christianity that are present and “at work” in my experience and how these aspects of cultural tradition seem to have waned, dissipated, or even been intentionally forgotten. As this course played out, it made my mind go in an array of different directions in thinking. One thing that I noticed is just how much my culture is embedded in Christian culture. It goes from how Christian holidays dominate the American calendar. Our national motto, "In God We Trust," is inscribed on all our currency. Our president takes his oath of office with this hand on a Bible. And our Pledge of Allegiance declares that we are "one nation under God." And how our laws are based where you can’t steal, and can’t murder. These facts, and many more, contribute mightily to American culture. Around 78% of Americans are Christian however the remaining 22% of non Christians are still influenced by a Christian culture. Lets talk about the Justice System that America has. The criminal and justice system of America employs a Judeo-Christian requirement of having witnesses testify and in British and American jurisprudence; witnesses are part of “due process of law. The Bible stays, “One witness is not enough to convict a man accused of any crime or offense he may...
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...ethics to assist the professionals to resolve the dilemmas and discern between the accepted and non accepted practises. The nursing profession, like many other professions, has its own code of ethics to help the nurses to determine the acceptable and non acceptable situations and actions, the rights and responsibilities that are approved by the nursing board and society. (Garrett, Baillie, McGeehan, & Garret, 2010). The protection of individual’s rights is well defined in the code of ethics while it also set forth a standard of care for the patients under the professional care of the nurses. In this essay, the writer is attempting to discuss the impacts of one’s personal, spiritual and cultural aspects on the ethical situations of the professional nursing practice. Personal, cultural, and spiritual principles and outlook of the world and nursing philosophy. Principles or values are policies that the individuals use to judge the right and wrong. The principles or values can be personal as well as professional. Personally I am convinced that the ethical principles that are part of my personal life formed over a long period...
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...originally studied molluscs (publishing twenty scientific papers on them by the time he was 21) but moved into the study of the development of children's understanding, through observing them and talking and listening to them while they worked on exercises he set. His view of how children's minds work and develop has been enormously influential, particularly in educational theory. His particular insight was the role of maturation (simply growing up) in children's increasing capacity to understand their world: they cannot undertake certain tasks until they are psychologically mature enough to do so. His research has spawned a great deal more, much of which has undermined the detail of his own, but like many other original investigators, his importance comes from his overall vision. He proposed that children's thinking does not develop entirely smoothly: instead, there are certain points at which it "takes off" and moves into completely new areas and capabilities. He saw these transitions as taking place at about 18 months, 7 years and 11 or 12 years. This has been taken to mean that before these ages children are not capable (no matter how bright) of understanding things in certain ways, and has been used as the basis for scheduling the school curriculum. Whether or not should be the case is a different matter. Piaget's stage theory describes the cognitive development of children. Cognitive development involves changes in cognitive process and abilities. In Piaget's view, early cognitive...
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...between the years 2011-2015. GDP is predicted to increase in the future years and investments in the country will be the main factor of this economic growth (Economic Forecast, 2011). With a population of 28.3 million and an expected population growth rate of 1.7%, this country provides an excellent opportunity for exporters looking to invest in another country by way of goods and services (Profile, 2011). In order for exports in Malaysia to be successful however, one must understand the values and subcultures Malays possess in order to market to them appropriately. This report will focus on the influences of these concepts on the behaviour of Malaysian consumers in comparison to Australian consumers. This report will also highlight the importance of understanding certain cultural differences and their implications for marketers if Australia is to export goods and services to Malaysia. Religious Subcultures The concept of subcultures, more specifically religious subcultures, is an important aspect of consumer behaviour to consider. Strongly held religious beliefs and customs can exert a significant influence upon the values people hold. These values may include choosing to adopt a simple and humble existence devoid of materialism or choosing to lead a lifestyle that balances simplicity and materialism. The Population and Housing census of 2010 revealed that in Malaysia, 61.3% of the population is practising Islam, 19.8% Buddhism, 9.2% Christianity, 6.3% Hinduism and 1.3% practice...
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...From an ecofeminist standpoint, Gaia exists in both spiritual and ecological visions. The spiritual vision identifies the earth as a sacred being known as Gaia. She (Gaia) is said to foster a shared sanctity and equality of all of nature. According to these ecofeminist beliefs we, as humans, must discover our Mother Earth and live in communion with her by accepting all life forms as worthy of deliberate and resolute preservation. Ecofeminist theorist Starhawk (born Miriam Simos), states...
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...Cultural Perceptions of Intelligence Marilyn Raleigh Dr. Castleberry March 20, 2015 The two cultures I selected to compare how each receives intelligence are the United States and Ghana. The American culture is more of an individualistic culture. There are many different cultures within the American culture. American culture holds values of religion, family, and morality; however these beliefs aren’t collective where each individual in America may hold a different view of these specific values (Verdem, 2013). The advancement in an individualistic society is placed on the individual goals and desires as opposed to what might be best for one’s society .Individuals in a collectivist .culture such as Ghana focus on the well -being and what will benefit the greater need of society. America Individualistic Culture There are many different cultures within the American culture. American culture holds values of religion, family, and morality; however these beliefs aren’t collective where each individual in America may hold a different view of these specific values (Verdem, 2013). .Americans has been exposed to many types of intelligent tests. Basic skills are given yearly to determine how much children are learning through the school system or if home schooled. College students must take SAT and ACT tests and obtain a certain percentage score for admission. Technology has impacted America; through computers, cell phone...
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...Introduction In 1990, Mayer and Salovey wrote, 'Emotional Intelligence' (E I) which gave rise to this concept as a medium of individual assessment that accurately describes the attributions for responses to successes and failures in life. In 1995, Daniel Goleman wrote his popular follow-up to this work, entitled, Emotional Intelligence, Why it can Matter More than IQ. Here Goleman, expanded upon this concept and provided it with an often criticised and lay version of the earlier notions of Mayer and Salovey. This paper, concentrates largely on the works of Mayer and Salovey and Goleman as a tool to establishing the inherent link between emotion and intelligence. This paper will therefore begin by giving an overview of the origins of the concept of Emotional Intelligence and how these two attributes of the human condition are linked. There will be a description and critique of the meaning, distinctive nature and importance of E I. Following this, there will be exploration of Mayer and Salovey's four areas of E I, which are assessed on the basis of the MSCEIT ability test. These four areas will be compared with the five areas stated by Goleman and each will be critically assessed. Finally there will be a discussion of the practical applicability of E I to the education of adults and its relevance in various genres of the workforce. A. The Origins of E I 1. Emotion Mayer and Salovey stated that the traditional image of emotion is as a vice of human nature that is to be controlled...
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...Building a Vision-Guided, Values-Driven Organization By Richard Barrett PART I: WHY VALUES ARE IMPORTANT Organizational values are more important today than at any other time in history because the personal and societal context within which business operates is changing. Who you are as an organization, and what you stand for, are becoming just as important as what you sell. The values that an organization lives by are important to a variety of stakeholders: • Society: Organizational values need to meet society’s expectations with regard to environmental stewardship and social responsibility. Failure to support society’s values can have a very significant impact on financial performance.1 Shareholders: Organizational values need to meet the needs of the new breed of shareholders that are only investing in companies that: (a) meet socially responsible investment criteria; and (b) compete to be the best companies to work for, or other quality awards. Potential employees: To attract the best people, the organizational values need to meet the needs of potential new employees who are choosing to work in organizational cultures that align with their personal values. Existing employees: To retain the best people, the organizational values also need to meet the needs of existing employees and support them in finding personal fulfillment at work. • • • Employee Fulfillment Whilst attention to all stakeholders needs are important, the most critical are: (a) How existing employees...
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...Emotional Intelligence A common mistake of many individuals is to assume high intellectual quotients determine one’s ability to succeed. The ability of a human to succeed is determined by a larger scope of intelligence. Emotional Intelligence (EI) can often be the differentiating factor in the achievement of successful lives and careers. Goleman (2006) identified the fundamentals of emotional intelligence (E.I.) as consisting of “self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and the ability to manage relationships.” (p. xv). Goleman (2006) indicates that emotional intelligence is a prime determinant of leadership as opposed to intelligence quotient (I.Q.) when he stated “…E.I. abilities rather than I.Q. or technical skills emerge as the ‘discriminating’ competency that best predicts who among a group of very smart people will lead most ably.” (p. xv). With this presentation, the author will explore aspects of emotional intelligence. The differences between traditional cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence will be described. The use of emotional intelligence concepts in work life, home life, and personal life will be analyzed. The importance of recognizing the value and development of emotional intelligence in all aspects of one’s life will become evident. Traditional Cognitive Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence Differences Traditional cognitive intelligence is commonly understood to indicate aspects of a person's intellectual abilities. Cognitive intelligence...
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...The Holistic Assessment: Psychological, Physiological, Cultural, Spiritual and Psychosocial Wilfredo Mamaril Sternberg College The holistic assessment is an essential component of quality care that allows a psychiatric nurse to identify, diagnose and treat their patients based on every individual’s specific needs. A comprehensive assessment of a client’s health across multiple dimensions, such as their physiological, psychological, spiritual, cultural and psychosocial domains, are important “prerequisites for formulating an appropriate nursing diagnosis and plan of care” (Carniaux-Moran) particular to each patient. This assessment is achieved through interviews and assessments between the nurse and the client that “[varies] according to the state of the participants and the context in which the interview takes place” (Carniaux-Moran). It assists a nurse towards a more proficient and thorough diagnoses. For one, it is vital to consider a client’s past and present physical condition in order to determine if any of these medical disorders have an impact on their mental health. For example, patients who present symptoms for some common psychiatric illness such as nervousness, irritability and insomnia, can actually be suffering from underlying medical condition such as hypothyroidism or low lithium levels. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the visual observation of symptoms, nurses often perform a medical workup to rule out organic illnesses and ensure that the client...
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...represent certain difficulties for understanding so it is important to look into its meaning and into its philosophical and religious interpretations. For centuries biblical scholars have been trying to interpret the idea of “God’s image” or “imago Dei” in the Latin version and still haven’t reached an agreement. One of the main ideas which can be obtained from this statement is that creating man God bestowed on him some of his own qualities, such as intelligence, freedom of choice, the ability to create, spirituality, morality, etc. He put man over animals and other creatures by endowing him with all these abilities and qualities. But he also made man similar to animals in his carnal desires. And it is for man to choose if he will follow the path of spiritual development and refrain from sin. If he chooses this way, gradually he will be able to achieve perfection and to unite with God. This is the main purpose of man’s life. Creating man in his own image God let man know how much he loves man and what a great importance he places in his creation. So by fulfilling his purpose in life man participates in realization of God’s plan. But if man rejects the way of God, he will no longer be the God’s image or, in other words, he will not be man. The free will and the freedom of choice are two essential concepts here because man has been given the possibility to make a conscious choice. So only by using his free will he should slowly move to the union with his creator. On the...
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