...Aktobe Regional State University by K.Zhubanov A project work Theme: Anglicisms in modern language Student: Ayzharykova L. Group: ED – 208 Tutor: Suleimenova Z. E. Aktobe 2014 The relevance of this study is that the consideration of issues related to the theory and practice of borrowing, especially important in today's conditions, because today expressed serious concerns about the strong influx of borrowing, which may lead to a depreciation of the Russian word. But the language - it is a self-developing mechanism that is able to self-clean, get rid of excessive, unnecessary. This happens with foreign words, borrowing which was presented during the trial. The novelty of this study lies in the interpretation of the theme, hence its relevance, which is determined by the importance of the English language in the life of Russian society. The subject of the work is to study the borrowing of Anglicisms in modern Russian decades. Abstract. Damage to the culture of the language - clogging his jargon, the trend towards illiterate use of language structures and units in spoken language - is an obvious problem of youth culture of speech. Our everyday speech - is not only an indicator of the level of literacy, aesthetic...
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...before, the Russian language has a vibrant cultural past. It is the language of the famous writers Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, of the celebrated composer Prokofiev, and of the great Russian tsars of the past. Today, Russian has a significant global presence. It not only is spoken as a primary language by more than 214 million people around the world, but also serves as one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Russian was used throughout the dominance of the USSR in Eastern Europe in a unifying role. Many provincial dialects of Russian are found throughout Russia, with Moscow’s dialect adopted as the official Russian language. It is reported by Language Helpers that Russian dialects are commonly split into two or three groups of North and South or North, Central and Southern. In the North/South split Moscow lies in the center, while in the North/Center/South divide Moscow lies in the Central dialect zone. Speaking of English, in the last few decades, English has emerged as the pre-eminent language for international communication. It is spoken by more people around the world than any other language, and is regularly described as a truly ‘global’ language. It is the world's second largest native language, the official language in 70 countries, and English-speaking countries are responsible for about 40% of world's total GNP. English can be at least understood almost everywhere among scholars and educated people, as it is the world media language, and the language of cinema...
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...|June 6, 1799(1799-06-06) | | |Moscow, Russian Empire | |Died |February 10, 1837 (aged 37) | | |Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire | |Occupation |Poet, novelist, playwright | | | |Influences[show] | |Nikolai Karamzin, Lord Byron | | | |Influenced[show] | |Fyodor Dostoevsky, Vladimir Nabokov, Henry James | Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин, pronounced [ɐlʲɪˈksandr sʲɪˈrgʲevʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn], [pic]listen (help·info)) (June 6 [O.S. May 26] 1799–February 10 [O.S. January 29] 1837) was a Russian author of the Romantic era[1] who is considered to be the greatest Russian poet[2][3][4][5] and the founder of modern Russian literature.[6][7] Pushkin pioneered the use of vernacular speech in his poems and plays, creating a style of storytelling—mixing drama, romance, and satire—associated with Russian literature ever since and greatly influencing later...
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...The impact of English loanwords on the Russian lexis for the recent decades Introduction Russian people for a long time have been involved into the political, commercial, scientific and cultural relations with other nations. At the same time the Russian language has been replenished with words from other languages. Loanwords from ancient languages Greek and Latin, words from Dutch, German, Polish, Ukraine and other languages mastered the Russian language in different historical periods without prejudice to its national identity, but rather enriched and expanded its range. Those words named new things, products, concepts, etc. Russian language vocabulary contains approximately 10% of borrowed words, most of which are nouns (Proshina (2006). Among those borrowings are many words from the English language. The most considerable penetration of English words in Russian language is observed in the late 80's - 90's of the last century with changes in political, economic, cultural and moral orientation of society. The Reconstruction and the collapse of Soviet Union have brought considerable changes both as in foreign policy relations so as in the lexical sphere of Russian language. This period is characterized by the democratization of the socialist governance of the country to the Western model. The reconstruction in the political structure of governance had played an important role in the appearance of words such as: president, vice-president, minister, prime-minister, mayor...
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...Language Shapes Our Minds Language is so essential to our existence, so deeply part of what every human has and does, and it’s impossible to picture life without it. As social creatures, we use language as a tool, but this tool is embedded in us. This tool doesn't just help us shape the world around us and create bonds and express things, but this tool also shapes our mind. They can alter the way we see the world and the way we think and the way we live our lives. I’ve always been a firm believer of this and many different persons including lawyers, linguists, and psychologist speculated it, but not until recently were studies actually done to prove these statements. This was mostly done because it was presumed “untestable”, but luckily, Stanford and MIT found ways to reopen the question. “We have collected data around the world: from China, Greece, Chile, Indonesia, Russia, and Aboriginal Australia. What we have learned is that people who speak different languages do indeed think differently and that even flukes of grammar can profoundly affect how we see the world.” (Boroditsky, Lera. "HOW DOES OUR LANGUAGE SHAPE THE WAY WE THINK.) Language is a unique thing that humans have had the ability to create and develop and it is not only a key example to express how humans work, but it allows us to express ourselves in so many ways. To understand how language works, we must first understand what language is. Language is defined as ‘a body of words and the systems for their use...
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...Literary Language Formation of English Literary Language Выполнила студентка 411 группы Журкина Дарья Саратов, 2012 1. Literary Language Literary language is a developed form of a national language, with norms fixed in writing to varying extents; the language of all manifestations of culture that are expressed in words. The concept of a “developed form” is historically variable (in different ages and with different peoples). In the age of feudalism many peoples of the world used foreign languages as their written literary languages. The Iranian and Turkish peoples used classical Arabic, the Japanese and Koreans used classical Chinese, the Germanic and West Slavic peoples used Latin, and the people in the Baltic region and the Czechs used German. The popular languages supplanted the foreign language in many functional spheres of communication during the 14th and 15th centuries in some states and in the 16th and 17th centuries in others. The literary language is always the result of collective creative activity. The notion that the norms of a literary language are “fixed” is somewhat relative (despite all the importance and stability of the norm, it changes in time). It is not possible to imagine a national culture that is rich and developed without a rich and developed literary language. This is why the problem of the literary language is very important for society. Linguists do not agree about the complex and multifaceted concept of the literary language. Some researchers...
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...eventually failed. In Qajari words, Iran had attempted to organize its army by French I, English I, English II, French II, Austrian and French III missions. The English supported a strong Iranian army against the Russians not only by providing monetary funds but also by sending forces. However, under Prince Abbas Mirza’s leadership, the Iranian army was defeated and damaged in the battle with Tsarist Russia. This war occurred because the Iranian army had challenged the Russians without reaching the intended order and Tsarist Russia felt threatened by a strong army around its territory. Iran had lost a significant amount of its territory by the Golestan and Turkmenchay Treaties. Furthermore, the Iranian officers sent to foreign countries had been giving weight to language learning, however, their success in military education is an arguable subject. Despite some exceptions, having been employed for various services, these officers...
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...------------------------------------------------- English-medium education From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "English Medium" redirects here. For the 1999 Malayalam film, see English Medium (film). An English-medium education system is one that uses English as the primary medium of instruction—particularly where English is not the mother tongue of the students. Initially associated with the expansion of English from its homeland in England and the lowlands of Scotland and its spread to the rest of Great Britain and Ireland, the rise of the British Empire increased the language's spread,[1][2] as has the increased economic and cultural influence of the United States since World War II.[3][4] A working knowledge of English is perceived as being valuable; for example, English is very dominant in the world of computing. As a result, many states throughout the world where English is not the predominant language encourage or mandate the use of English as the normal medium of instruction. * A medium of instruction (plural: usu. Mediums of instruction, but the archaic media of instruction is still used by some) is a language used in teaching. It may or may not be the official language of the country or territory. Where the first language of students is different from the official language, it may be used as the medium of instruction for part or all of schooling. Bilingual or multilingual education may involve the use of more than one language of instruction. UNESCO considers that "providing...
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...isolated with four Russian cosmonauts for 110 days. At the New Year's Eve party, the participants partook in the drinking of vodka, which was allowed by the Russian space agency. What evolved was a series of events which involved violence, sexual harassment, and questionable ethics. A violent fight erupted between two of the cosmonauts, which was resolved quickly. Later, the Russian commander aggressively kissed, twice, the only female participant, Judith Lapierre. All three of the international participants appealed to the IBMP regarding the Russians behaviour, requesting disciplinary action. The experiment ended in controversy as the Russians downplayed the kiss, saying it was a fleeting kiss and blaming an emotional female participant whilst Lapierre claimed sexual harassment. Thus, was it really sexual harassment or a stolen kiss? Or is the question here that the parties involved here had attached different meanings to the same incident. Cultural differences amongst the participants led to the conflict, which were exacerbated by the influence of alcohol. The Russians responded by claiming that ’In the West, some kinds of kissing are regarded as sexual harassment. In our culture it is nothing.’ But is this really the issue, or is it that the confinement of an Austrian, a Japanese, a Canadian and four Russians was at high risk for cultural conflict and misunderstanding in the first place? In sight of that, it was the responsibility of the Russians...
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...References………………………………………………………………………………………….. Introduction The following paper is devoted to the theme “Divergences in the semantic structure of words”. The semantic structure of words presents a complicated problem .The only exceptions are some groups of monosemantic words. Divergences in the semantic structure of words of the Sourse and Target languages are one of the primary cases of lexical transformations. These divergences are connected with certain peculiar features of a word or a group of words. Even words which seem to have the same meaning in the two languages are not semantically identical. The primary meanings of correlated words often coincide while their derivative meanings do not. Thus there is only partial correspondence in the structures of polysemantic words as their lexical semantic variants do not cover one another. Semantic correlation is not to be interpreted as semantic identity and one-to-one correspondence between the semantic structures of correlated polysemantic words in the two languages is hardly ever possible. The topicality of this reseach is provided by the fact that in today’s English and Russian languages the notion of polysemy is widely spread and causes many controversies. It should be noted that the study of Polysemy is the main object...
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...in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. The territory covers 2, 7 million square kilometers and country is ranked as the 9th largest territory in the world. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. The population is approximately 17 million people, including Kazakh, Russian, Uyghur, Ukrainian, Uzbek, and Tatar. Approximately 63% of the population consists of Kazakhs. The capital city was Almaty up until 1997, when it was changed to Astana. The official state language is Kazakh. In state institutions and local self-governing bodies, Russian language is used on equal grounds with the Kazakh language. According to the 2009 census, 70.2% of the population is Sunni Muslims, followed by 20.6% Orthodox Christians, 0.1% Buddhists, 0.2% others (mostly Jews), and 2.8% non-believers. The Kazakh khanate was formed in the 15th century and had 3 tribal divisions (juz). From the beginning of the 18th century Russian Empire begun colonization and by the 1860s, Kazakh khanate became part of the Russian Empire. Alash Orda, a Kazakh Government led by Alikhan Bokeikhanov, existed between 13 December 1917 and 26 August 1920. The Alash Party proclaimed the autonomy of the Kazakh people in December 1917. On 26 August 1920, the Soviet government...
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...Motivation 1 Motivation and Its Role in Language Acquisition Robert A. Cote SLAT 596Y Dr. Linda Waugh December 15, 2004 Motivation 2 “Motivation represents one of the most appealing, yet complex, variables used to explain individual differences in language learning” (MacIntyre et al. 2001, p. 462). These words succinctly describe the multifaceted issue that researchers, classroom instructors and language learners themselves have faced since Gardner and Lambert brought to light the complexities of motivation via their studies in the late 1950’s. The number of factors involved in motivating persons to acquire a foreign language has increased tremendously during the past four decades and attempting to address all of these components in one paper is impractical. The author will therefore attempt to present a limited overview of motivation, supporting research from both inside and outside of the classroom and views challenging its validity. Prior to exploring motivation and its function in language acquisition, one must first understand the term in its general sense. MacIntyre et al. defined motivation as “an attribute of the individual describing the psychological qualities underlying behavior with respect to a particular task” (2001, p. 463). This goal-directed behavior shows itself through distinct actions of the motivated individual. Dörnyei described this explicitly when he wrote the following: The motivated individual expends effort, is persistent...
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...James Crarer 12EUC709 - The Russian Empire The Russian Empire Essay “In what ways did Peter the Great’s reforms transform the concept of the Empire?” Peter the Great’s reforms are widely considered to be one of the most defining moments in Russian history. Beginning as an effort to modernize the country’s military, as the era progressed the reforms expanded, instigating economic development, governmental modernization, intellectual reorientation and social reconstruction.1 The injection of European practices into Russia arguably set the precedence for the onslaught of a top down modernization that has since been a trait of Russian state development, as well as illuminating the beginning of the transition into a form of Russian modernity. The geographical historian Dennis Shaw, reiterates this by suggesting Peter exposed Russia “to the ideas of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution. Building on the achievements of his father, Peter launched a thoroughgoing reform or modernization of his realm with the aim of transforming it into a major European state.”2 In order to comprehend this transformation of the Russian empire, an appreciation of meaning of the term ‘empire’ is required. Stephen Howe suggests that ‘an empire is a large, composite, multiethnic or multinational political unit, usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate, sometimes far distant, peripheries.’3 While Howe’s definition provides a coherent basis from which...
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...Introduction There are many things to be said about Russia, the biggest country in the world. With a rich history and proud people it has shaped todays world in many ways. As a former host of communist USSR, Russia today is considered to be a democratic country. The Russian flag consists of three horizontal stripes. The top stripe is white, the middle one is blue, and the bottom one is red. Russia’s current flag was adapted on August 21, 1991. Even though nobody is quiet sure what the colors in Russian flag represent, many speculate that Russia’s flag design is based on the concept of the Dutch flag. Historians believe that Peter the Great created Russia’s flag when he visited Netherlands in 1699. At the time Peter the Great was learning about shipbuilding and saw the need for Russia to have a naval flag as well. While his design of the flag was similar to the Dutch one, he used Russian colors. In 1883 this flag was adopted as the civil flag. In 1917, after...
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...turnover, individual accountability, proprietary rights, and so forth. Even when you do, people’s expectation may frequently be that things are done ‘their way.’ You may find vast cultural differences within this culturally pluralistic country. Not only does the Russian Far East include a broad mix of cultural influences, but also there are notable differences between the western European region, with St. Petersburg as its most influential city, and the eastern European part around Moscow. On top of that, the dynamic political and economic changes of the past few years brought about a wide range of acceptable business behaviors. The information in this section can only provide general guidelines. When doing business in Russia, expect the unexpected. Most Russians are very proud of their country. It would be a serious mistake to belittle its accomplishments or to refer to it as a ‘loser’ of the Cold War. Relationships and Respect Russia’s culture expects its members to have a sense of belonging to and conforming with their group. At the same time, it leaves some room for individual preferences. Building lasting and trusting relationships is very important and can be crucial for your business success. If Russians engage in business without first establishing personal relationships, proceed with great caution. They may be looking to take unfair advantage of you if they get a chance. Generally, it is best to give your counterparts time to become comfortable with you....
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