...Dinosaurs of the Jurassic Period Jurassic Period- 206-144 mya • Took place roughly 210 million years ago. • Lasted around 70 million years • This was the second(middle) period of the three divisions of the Mesozoic era. • Age of the Dinosaurs, first bird life. Bower proclaimed that the "Triassic period began about 20 million years ago, and the Jurassic period began 210 million years ago"(1986). During the Mesozoic, or "Middle Life" Era, life diversified rapidly and giant reptiles, dinosaurs and other monstrous beasts roamed the Earth. The period, which spans from about 252 million years ago to about 66 million years ago, was also known as the age of reptiles (Ghose 2013). There is little supporting evidence that plant life is truly from the early Jurassic time frame, however, Brannan's research suggests "At the beginning of the Jurassic period the Earth saw the disappearance of seed-fern floras but the gymnosperms and true ferns were thriving"(Brannan 2012). Early Jurassic- The Liassic Epoch (176 to 200 mya) • Brought much warmer/wetter rainforest climate • Marine reptiles evolved such as, Ichthyosaurus, Temnodontosaurus, Euycleidus. • Terrestrial animals made an appearance such as the Stegosaurs, Tetanurae, Berberosaurus, Heterdonosaurids. In the Early Jurassic, the Colorado Plateau region again became arid and the eolian sandstones record zonal as well as monsoonal circulation (Parrish 1993). Following the dramatic decline, ichthyosaur diversity increased...
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...They were found at the same time as well. This shows North America and Europe might’ve been connected at one point in time. This does make sense with the theory because the two continents do fit together like a puzzle piece. V. Effects From Pangaea to the World Today Believe it or not, Pangaea actually effected the world today. The reconfiguration of the continents caused: sea level changes, oceanic and atmospheric changes, and global warming. During the Mesozoic Era oceanic ridges were formed. Before the breakups occurred, the mantle was warming up. This energy was spread across the surface of the Earth as heat energy and this caused ocean warming. The sea level then rose because of the expansion of water. In addition, ice sheets melted because of the atmospheric warning. The effect of the sheets melting would’ve taken weight off of the continents and a sea-level change. When Pangaea began to break-up various seaways opened and closed. In 3 Ma when the North and South America continents joined, the equatorial currents that passed from the Atlantic to the Pacific stopped. This drove more warm currents toward Europe and that led to more evaporation then...
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...Astronomy Research and the Search for Extraterrestrial Life The objective of this paper is to discuss life here on Earth and the possibilities of extraterrestrial life in one’s solar system. The team will describe the properties of life on Earth and explain the theories for the genesis of life, including the theory of natural selection. Members will provide a brief description of the evolution of life and include a geological timescale that describes specific eras throughout the previous three billion plus years. The team will assess the possibilities of extraterrestrial life, and results will be presented. Describe the properties of life on Earth Properties of life on Earth are what define the word life. The properties of life consist of cells and reproduction, responses to the environment, growth and development, and evolution. Every living thing is collected through cells which make tissues and organs that make a living organism. All living organisms can produce such as humans, animals, bacteria, and plants called asexual reproduction. The responses of the living in the environment are through any changes occurring in “light, sound, heat, and chemical contact” through “eyes, ears, and taste buds” (Cliff’s notes, 2011, para. 3). Behavior is one way that all living organisms changes through the environment such as the food chain for one’s survival. Growth and development of an organism takes in all substantial amount of information through energy of building...
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...Unit 1 : Many Planets, One Earth Overview Astronomers have discovered dozens of planets orbiting other stars, and space probes have explored many parts of our solar system, but so far scientists have only discovered one place in the universe where conditions are suitable for complex life forms: Earth. In this unit, examine the unique characteristics that make our planet habitable and learn how these conditions were created. Surfaces of Mars, Moon, Venus, Earth. Source: NASA Sections: 1. Introduction 2. Many Planets, One Earth 3. Reading Geologic Records 4. Carbon Cycling and Earth's Climate 5. Testing the Thermostat: Snowball Earth 6. Atmospheric Oxygen 7. Early Life: Single-Celled Organisms 8. The Cambrian Explosion and the Diversification of Animals 9. The Age of Mammals 10. Further Reading Unit 1 : Many Planets, One Earth -1- www.learner.org 1. Introduction Earth's long history tells a story of constant environmental change and of close connections between physical and biological environments. It also demonstrates the robustness of life. Simple organisms first appeared on Earth some 3.8 billion years ago, and complex life forms emerged approximately 2 billion years ago. Life on Earth has endured through many intense stresses, including ice ages, warm episodes, high and low oxygen levels, mass extinctions, huge volcanic eruptions, and meteorite impacts. Untold numbers of species have come and gone, but life has survived even the most extreme fluxes. To...
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...Dinosaur extinction is still a major mystery of earth history. In this review article, extinctions in the geological record will be briefly mentioned. Many of the imaginative theories for the extinction of the dinosaurs will also be presented. Within the uniformitarian paradigm, the meteorite impact theory, once considered ‘outrageous’, now is the dominant theory. However, the volcanic theory is still believed by a majority of paleontologists. Both theories have their strengths and weaknesses. The unscientific behavior of those involved in the meteorite paradigm change will be briefly explored. Evidence that the dinosaurs died in a cataclysm of global proportions will be presented, such as the huge water-laid dinosaur graveyards found over the earth. Occasional nonspecific bone-beds and the rarity of fossils of very young dinosaurs suggest a catastrophic death and burial. The billions of dinosaur tracks recently discovered provide testimony to unusual, stressful conditions. Nests, eggs, and babies are a challenge to a Flood model, but there are enough unknowns associated with the data that solid conclusions are difficult to draw. The part that impacts and volcanism play in a Flood paradigm will be briefly discussed. The question of whether the K/T boundary and the extinction of the dinosaurs should be considered a synchronous event within the Flood will be considered. Introduction Dinosaurs bring wonder to children and adults alike. That such great beasts once roamed the earth...
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...• English/US • Answers • Store • Outreach • Media • Kids • Education • Donate • Answers in Genesis • Answers • Animals • Dinosaurs • Dinosaur Extinction • The Extinction of the Dinosaurs The Extinction of the Dinosaurs by Michael J. Oard on August 1, 1997 Share: • • • • Originally published in Journal of Creation 11, no 2 (August 1997): 137-154. Shop Now First published: TJ (now Journal of Creation) 11(2):137–154 August 1997 by Michael J. Oard Dinosaur extinction is still a major enigma of earth history. In this review article, extinctions in the geological record will be briefly mentioned. Many of the imaginative theories for the extinction of the dinosaurs will also be presented. Within the uniformitarian paradigm, the meteorite impact theory, once considered ‘outrageous’, now is the dominant theory. However, the volcanic theory is still believed by a majority of palaeontologists. Both theories have their strengths and weaknesses. The unscientific behaviour of those involved in the meteorite paradigm change will be briefly explored. Evidence that the dinosaurs died in a cataclysm of global proportions will be presented, such as the huge water-laid dinosaur graveyards found over the earth. Occasional monospecific bone-beds and the rarity of fossils of very young dinosaurs suggest a catastrophic death and burial. The billions of dinosaur tracks recently discovered provide testimony to unusual, stressful conditions. Nests, eggs, and babies...
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...Study Guide: Midterm Exam Concentrate your studies in the following areas. Questions for the Midterm Exam will come principally from this material. Lutgens and Tarbuck Textbook: Minerals (Chapter 1) * Know the definition of a mineral. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is solid and inorganic representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and has an ordered atomic structure. It is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regard to it having an ordered atomic structure. * Know the basic definition of a rock. * In geology, rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. For example, the common rock granite is a combination of the quartz, feldspar and biotite minerals. The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock. * Know how atoms of the same element are related. What do they have in common? All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons in the nucleus and consequently have the same atomic number. All atoms of the same neutral element have the same number of electrons as well. Atoms of an element usually have the same number of neutrons as protons. Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons are called isotopes...
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...Jurassic Park Michael Crichton Copyright Michael Crichton (c) 1991 All Rights Reserved The right of Michael Crichton to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in Great Britain in 1991 by the Random Century Group 20 Vauxhall Bridge Rd, London SWIV 2SA Century Hutchinson South Africa (Pty) Ltd PO Box 337, Bergvlei 2012 South Africa Random Century Australia Pty Ltd 20 Alfred St, Milsons Point, Sydney, NSW 2061 Australia Random Century New Zealand Ltd PO Box 40-086, Glenfield, Auckland 10 New Zealand A CIP Catalogue Record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 0 7126 4686 8 Printed in England by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc For A-M and T "Reptiles are abhorrent because of their cold body, pale color, cartilaginous skeleton, filthy skin, fierce aspect, calculating eye, offensive smell, harsh voice, squalid habitation, and terrible venom; wherefore their Creator has not exerted his powers to make many of them." LINNAEUS, 1797 "You cannot recall a new form of life." ERWIN CHARGAFF, 1972 Introduction "The InGen Incident" The late twentieth century has witnessed a scientific gold rush of astonishing proportions: the headlong and furious haste to commercialize genetic engineering. This enterprise has proceeded so rapidly-with so little outside commentary-that its dimensions and implications are hardly understood at all. Biotechnology promises the...
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...文勇的新托福精选阅读（原黄金29篇）真题[2010年4月3日 5.8版本] 俺常常收到同学们的邮件，要我推荐各种各样阅读材料,问我iBT的复习资料中 Barron, Longman, Delta等等哪个更好。我其实很无奈---因为尽管这些机构很大牌,但大牌丝毫都不意味着文章“质量高”(比如你可以想想三鹿奶粉)---说这些机构的文章质量不高,并不是说文字写得不好,而是说这些文章的句子结构, 论述方式, 出题思路与ETS的并不一致(有时候甚至大相径庭)：用这样的材料训练，实在是 事倍功半。 于是，我们实在应该去找找由ETS出的iBT文章来做：（我们能够找到的|由ETS编纂的标准iBT文章有） 1. OG[1]之中的13篇文章[2]；（其中3篇为第三版OG之中的文章） 2. 13次（套）TPO[3]之中的3*13=39篇文章[4]； 3. 早期[5]报名之时ETS赠送的3篇在线测试题 4. ETS官方给出的模考软件之中抽出的1篇文章； 于是这个文档在我的一时兴起之下，出现了： OG拿在手上，可以一个个字的敲成电子版；TPO的所有考试都是在自己的计算机进行，于是可以一边花钱参加考试,一边截图与录像---再利用截下来的图片，逐个的敲下来；早期的ETS赠送的3篇在线测试题，我也恰好有电子版本；官方的模考软件稍微用点功夫，就能将文章提取并复制出来。虽然工作有些繁杂，但总算完成了所有文章的敲打工作。再花了些时间，把这53篇文章都做了答案，附在文章的后面。（由于TPO之中有3篇文章与OG中完全重复,于是减去3篇,只剩下53篇。）同时我还更正了OG上几个明显的错误（详见文后附录）当然，我还做出了方便大家理解文章的参考译文，附在文章的后面。 在这53篇由ETS出的文章没有做完之前，我们实在不应该花时间在任何其他的题目之上。我有时候甚至会对着我的弟兄们高呼：“没有把这53篇做３遍，你好意思上考场么？你好意思花钱在任何一本垃圾书上面么？[6]” 另外，如果你正在准备iBT-SAT-GRE的作文部分或者写留学文书，也应该仔细的琢磨一下这些文章：经过ETS打磨的文章，无一不是精妙绝伦，极具模仿价值。常常有同学拜托我帮她（他）写PS，也说起自己的句子怎么看都像是小学生写的（尽管用上了GRE里面的单词），于是会随口问我“勇哥，您的写作能力是怎么训练出来的。”我说，“看呗，看呗：托福文章看多了，写作能力自然就提高了。” “这ETS的这些文章真的那么好？”。每当听到这个问题，我都会装做赵本山的样子来一句“谁用谁知道～～” 文勇 欢迎进行未删节的转载|且不必告诉我你转载到哪里去|都是一个战壕里面的弟兄啊… 告诉大家一个好消息，本文档中的TPO1-TPO9，以及在线测试题和官方模考题目的解析已经在市面上可以买到了！（好吧，我承认以下显然是广告部分）： 这本《托福真题详解-阅读分卷-第一册》是给弟兄们现在市面上可以获得的TPO1-TPO9阅读部分的文章解析，题目解析，中文翻译和每篇文章的必备词汇：文章解析是为了让大家养成从整体抓文章结构的感觉，题目解析是为了使大家能够在做完题之后知道正确选项为什么对，错误选项为什么错——并且因此来培养良好的做题思路，中文翻译是为了帮助大家扫除那些自以为理解对但实际理解有误的句子，在每篇文章后面配上必备词汇无非是为了节省大家的一些查单词而已。 另外，这本书还包含了一张CD（我想你可能第一次听说阅读书...
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...ANNUAL REPORT 2011-12 Government of India Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation Sardar Patel Bhawan New Delhi - 110001 Website: http//mospi.gov.in. CONTENTS Chapters Page Vision Mission Introduction Development and Highlights National Statistical Commission Central Statistical Office National Sample Survey Office Coordination of Statistical Activities Computer Centre Statistical Services Indian Statistical Institute Twenty Point Programme Infrastructure and Projects Monitoring Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme Hindi Promotion Other Activities ANNEXES I IA IB IC ID IE IF IG IH II IIIA IIIB IVA IVB IVC V VI VII VIII Organisation Charts Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation Administration National Statistical Commission Central Statistical Office National Sample Survey Office Computer Centre Programme Implementation Wing Abbreviations used Allocation of Business to the Ministry Project, Seminar/Conference/Workshop and Travel Grant Assistance sanctioned during 2010-11 Project, Seminar/Conference/Workshop and Travel Grant Assistance sanctioned during 2011-12 (Up to December, 2011) Statement of Budget Estimate (SBE) -2011-12 Total Plan Gross Budgetary Support (GBS) for 2010-11 (BE and RE) for North-Eastern Region. Total Plan Gross Budgetary Support (GBS) for 2011-12 (BE and RE) for North-Eastern Region. Performance of Monthly Monitored Items under TPP-2006 (April, 2010 to March, 2011) Performance of Monthly Monitored Items under TPP-2006...
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...500 extraordinary islands G R E E N L A N D Beaufort Sea Baffin Bay vi Da i tra sS t a nm De it Stra rk Hudson Bay Gulf of Alaska Vancouver Portland C A N A D A Calgary Winnipeg Newfoundland Quebec Minneapolis UNITED STATES San Francisco Los Angeles San Diego Phoenix Dallas Ottawa Montreal ChicagoDetroitToronto Boston New York OF AMERICA Philadelphia Washington DC St. Louis Atlanta New Orleans Houston Monterrey NORTH AT L A N T I C OCEAN MEXICO Guadalajara Mexico City Gulf of Mexico Miami Havana CUBA GUATEMALA HONDURAS b e a n Sea EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA Managua BAHAMAS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC JAMAICA San Juan HAITI BELIZE C a r PUERTO RICO ib TRINIDAD & Caracas N TOBAGO A COSTA RICA IA M PANAMA VENEZUELA UYANRINA H GU C U G Medellín A PAC I F I C OCEAN Galapagos Islands COLOMBIA ECUADOR Bogotá Cali S FR EN Belém Recife Lima BR A Z I L PERU La Paz Brasélia Salvador Belo Horizonte Rio de Janeiro ~ Sao Paulo BOLIVIA PARAGUAY CHILE Cordoba Santiago Pôrto Alegre URUGUAY Montevideo Buenos Aires ARGENTINA FALKLAND/MALVINAS ISLANDS South Georgia extraordinary islands 1st Edition 500 By Julie Duchaine, Holly Hughes, Alexis Lipsitz Flippin, and Sylvie Murphy Contents Chapter 1 Beachcomber Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Aquatic Playgrounds 2 Island Hopping the Turks & Caicos: Barefoot Luxury 12 Life’s a Beach 14 Unvarnished & Unspoiled 21 Sailing...
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...62118 0/nm 1/n1 2/nm 3/nm 4/nm 5/nm 6/nm 7/nm 8/nm 9/nm 1990s 0th/pt 1st/p 1th/tc 2nd/p 2th/tc 3rd/p 3th/tc 4th/pt 5th/pt 6th/pt 7th/pt 8th/pt 9th/pt 0s/pt a A AA AAA Aachen/M aardvark/SM Aaren/M Aarhus/M Aarika/M Aaron/M AB aback abacus/SM abaft Abagael/M Abagail/M abalone/SM abandoner/M abandon/LGDRS abandonment/SM abase/LGDSR abasement/S abaser/M abashed/UY abashment/MS abash/SDLG abate/DSRLG abated/U abatement/MS abater/M abattoir/SM Abba/M Abbe/M abbé/S abbess/SM Abbey/M abbey/MS Abbie/M Abbi/M Abbot/M abbot/MS Abbott/M abbr abbrev abbreviated/UA abbreviates/A abbreviate/XDSNG abbreviating/A abbreviation/M Abbye/M Abby/M ABC/M Abdel/M abdicate/NGDSX abdication/M abdomen/SM abdominal/YS abduct/DGS abduction/SM abductor/SM Abdul/M ab/DY abeam Abelard/M Abel/M Abelson/M Abe/M Aberdeen/M Abernathy/M aberrant/YS aberrational aberration/SM abet/S abetted abetting abettor/SM Abeu/M abeyance/MS abeyant Abey/M abhorred abhorrence/MS abhorrent/Y abhorrer/M abhorring abhor/S abidance/MS abide/JGSR abider/M abiding/Y Abidjan/M Abie/M Abigael/M Abigail/M Abigale/M Abilene/M ability/IMES abjection/MS abjectness/SM abject/SGPDY abjuration/SM abjuratory abjurer/M abjure/ZGSRD ablate/VGNSDX ablation/M ablative/SY ablaze abler/E ables/E ablest able/U abloom ablution/MS Ab/M ABM/S abnegate/NGSDX abnegation/M Abner/M abnormality/SM abnormal/SY aboard ...
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