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The Man That Powered the World

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Submitted By marcoalvarezjr
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A person who invents a particular process or device is considered an inventor. An invention’s impact on humanity is what separates it’s inventor from others. Of the many inventions by Nikola Tesla (July 10, 1856 - January 7, 1943), it is commonly accepted that his invention of Alternating Current (AC) and the AC Generator changed the way humans live indefinitely. With such a great impact to humanity it is surprising that the average person does not recognize his name or what he did. Over the next few paragraphs the research will discuss Nikola Tesla’s career which includes the invention of alternating current, his ongoing quarrel with Thomas Edison, and his controversial recognition.
According to the myth, Nikola Tesla was born at midnight on July 10, 1856 during an electrical storm (Ancient, 2010) in an expiring Empire of Austro-Hungary, modern day Croatia. Milutin Tesla, his father of Serbian origin, was an Orthodox Priest. Nikola wanted to study engineering in a renowned Austrian Polytechnic School but was constantly oppressed by his father who wanted him to also join priesthood. After Nikola contracted Cholera, his father promised him that if he survived he would allow him to pursue his dreams of becoming an engineer (Tesla, 2004). Duka Mandic, Nikola’s mother and also of Serbian origin, was a hard working woman of many talents. She was also an inventor whom made tools and devices for her weaving, carpentry, and other handiwork (Glenn, J, 1994). She was descended from seven generations of priesthood and also supported her husband’s desire to have Nikola follow the same path as his father.
During his years at school, Tesla’s physics teacher introduced his class to a new invention called Gramme dynamo. The Gramme dynamo could be used as a motor if it was spun in one direction and if spun in the opposite direction it generated Direct Current (DC). This invention and its lack of efficiency is what intrigued his mind. Tesla became obsessed and believed that he could design and create a more efficient way to generate electricity (Tesla, 2004). With his new obsession, Nikola began his career as an electrical engineer with a European subsidiary of the Edison Telephone Company in Budapest. One afternoon in Budapest, walking in the park and reciting poetry with his friend, it dawned on him. He instantly drew it in the dirt with a stick, while rambling on about induction and electromagnetism to his dumbstruck friend. The drawing in the dirt soon became the schematic for the induction motor that would generate Alternating Current and power the world.
He continued on to successfully building and running a prototype of the induction motor. While traveling through Europe, he was looking for investors to help him mass produce his invention. Failing to do so, Tesla he set his eyes on America and talked to a colleague of his who wrote him a recommendation letter. Charles Batchelor wrote to his friend, Thomas Alva Edison, “I know two great men and you are one of them. The other is this young man!” (Tesla, 2004). Tesla arrived in New York in 1884 with Batchelor’s recommendation letter, a couple of papers with mathematical equations, and four cents in his pocket.
Standing in front of Thomas Edison with this letter in hand, Tesla was immediately hired. He was given projects to modify Edison’s current DC generator plants. As a reward Tesla was promised $50,000, equivalent to about $1 million in 2006, adjusted for inflation, if he redesigned Edison's inefficient motor and generators and could show improvement in both service and economy (Tesla, 2004). Edison did not care or know much about Tesla’s induction motor (AC induction generator), in fact he saw it as a threat. Tesla worked night and day to redesign them and gave the Edison Company several profitable new patents in the process. In 1885, when Tesla inquired about the payment on the work, Edison replied to him, "Tesla, you don't understand our American humor," and reneged on his promise (Moose, 2010). Tesla resigned.

Direct Current, which Thomas Edison is credited for harnessing and generating, is a form of electricity that was being sold to the world on a small scale. It is current that only moves in one direction and later is proved to be expensive and not as efficient as Alternating Current. Alternating Current, depending on its frequency which is normally 50-60 Hertz, changes about 50-60 times per second (Worldwide AC, 2009).
Tesla’s worldwide fame came when his AC induction motor and technology was chosen to fully power and light the World’s Fair in Chicago, 1893. Edison had assumed that his technology of DC and light bulbs would have been chosen but due to Tesla proving that AC was more efficient and more economical his was chosen. In retaliation, Edison then decided not to allow use of his patented light bulbs. So Tesla invented, patented, and mass produced his own light bulbs know today as fluorescent lamps with patents numbers #335,786, #335,787, #447,920, #454,622, #455,069, and #514,170 (Glenn, J, 1994).
Tesla was beat by Guglielmo Marconi for public recognition of the invention of the Modern Radio. Controversy existed because Marconi was using 17 of Tesla’s patents just to create and operate the radio. “Marconi is a good fellow,” expressed Tesla upon hearing of Marconi’s efforts, “Let him continue. He is using 17 of my patents,” (Pioneers, 1996). Finally, in 1943 after Tesla had died, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in his favor. They ruled Marconi’s radio patent claim to the radio invalid and credited Nikola Tesla for the discovery and the invention of the modern radio (Bellis, 2010). In the end, Nikola Tesla was credited for his inventions. Even though, he introduced AC to the world and provided many useful inventions that still remain unmodified today, he died penniless in a hotel room on January 7, 1943. The researched has discussed Nikola Tesla’s career, to include his invention of AC, his struggle with Thomas Edison, and his controversial recognition. The electrical engineer, inventor, deemed mad scientist had a dream which resulted in making the world brighter.

References
Ancient (2010), retrieved from http://ancientminds.com/worlds-greatest-minds/nikola-tesla/
Bellis, M. (2010) Nikola Tesla, retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/Nikola_Tesla.htm Glenn, J (1994). The Complete Patents of Nikola Tesla. New York, Barnes & Nobles. Retrieved from http://hbci.com/~wenonah/new/tesla.htm
Inventor (2010). Chew, R., retrieved from http://lucidcafe.com/library/96jul/tesla.html
Kosanovic, B.R. (2000) retrieved from http://www.neuronet.pitt.edu/~bogdan/tesla/
Moose (2010) retrieved from http://flyingmoose.org/truthfic/tesla.htm
Musuem (2011) Nikola Tesla Musuem, retrieved from http://www.tesla-museum.org/meni_en.htm Nikola Tesla (2009) Crystal Link, retrieved from http://www.crystalinks.com/tesla.html
Pioneers (1996) retrieved from http://www.kerryr.net/pioneers/tesla.htm
Dr. Ljubo, V (1998), New York, retrieved from http://www.teslasociety.com/biography.htm
Tesla, (2004) PBS, retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/tesla/index.html
Worldwide AC (2009), retrieved from
http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/ac_world_volt_freq.htm

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