...3.02 México interior - Práctica A. Answer the following about the Aztecs and the Conquistadors. 1. Describe the life of the Aztecs. What is Tenochtitlan? How big was that city? 2. What was sold at the Aztec market? 3. What was the main staple of the Aztec diet? 4. What were some of the reasons that Cortez wanted to conquer the Aztecs? 5. What were some of the biggest advantages the Spanish had over the Aztecs? B. Write a short composition in English comparing and contrasting Mexico City today and Mexico City of long ago (Tenochtitlan). Be sure to include: • Population (number) • The government • The ruins • Modes of transportation • Lifestyle in general C. Use the articles indicated to respond to the following questions: From Aztec-History (Ancient Aztec Religion) 1. What are some of the evidences that show how the Aztec religious beliefs permeated all of their society? Name three. 2. Out of the many gods they believed in, which one was the most important? 3. Explain what they believed about the sun and darkness. 4. What does the Bible say about worshiping many gods? Use Isaiah 65:16, Exodus 3:14, Exodus 20:3, Deuteronomy 28:4, and Psalms 16:4. 5. What did the Aztecs believe about an afterlife? From Aztec-History (Mexican Flag) 1. Explain the symbolism found on the Mexican flag of an eagle devouring a serpent while perched on a cactus growing out of a rock. 2. It was here they built their capital city of Tenochtitlan...
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...the pre-Hispanic art treasures in Mexico are housed in museums of history and anthropology, rather than gracing the walls of art galleries alongside modern greats like Rufino Tamayo and Diego Rivera. In fact, both of these famous artists drew inspiration from pre-Hispanic art and prized their personal collections. Tamayo (1899-1991) a Zapotec from Oaxaca, was adamant that his collection be preserved as art, not science (Barto, 2006). That’s why upon his death he donated it to National Institute of Fine Art instead of the National Institute of Anthropology. The result is the Rufino Tamayo Museum, the only place in Mexico where you can see pre-Hispanic works on display as art for art’s sake. Some of the most significant humanistic pieces come not from celebrated city states like Teotihuacán or Chichen Itza, but from the civilizations of the west coast, from what is today Guerrero, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit and Sinaloa. For the most part, these cultures remain an enigma. “To some extent this is due to geographic isolations,” Pesqueira explains, “but mostly it is because they left no great ceremonial centers like Teotihuacán and Monte Albán.” The art of occidental Mexico mostly differs from that of other regions in its secular nature (Barto, 2006). Rather than depicting idealized images of priests and warriors, their sculpture shows real human beings engaged in everyday activities: washing clothes, playing ball, and informal gatherings. “The Aztecs were very influenced by the question...
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...The Inca, Maya,and Aztecs are three of the most important groups. The Inca were located in Andes Mountains in South America. Their range stretched from Southern Chile through Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and into Southern Columbia. Their capital was Cuzco. The Inca civilization was in the highlands of Peru. The Aztecs were located in Mexico. The Aztec Empire was based in the Valley of Mexico, a high elevated valley in the mountains of Central Mexico. Tenochtitlan was the Aztec city and the capital. It had canals and causeways that supplied hundreds of thousands of people who lived there. The Mayans lived in Mexico and Central America. The Palenque was once known as the red city, because the buildings were all painted red. The Maya capital...
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...THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY: COMPARING COMMUNICATION METHODS OF MODERN SOCIAL NETWORKS TO RURAL INDIGENOUS GROUPS [DO NOT CITE WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE AUTHORS] 1 ABSTRACT “It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity” (Einstein 1875-1955). This quote by Albert Einstein shows the vast technology changes experienced by humanity. The early indigenous tribes and groups had developed systems of communication and networks to conduct their daily activities (ie. trade, etc) with the use of technological resources which were far inferior compared to modern day. They created social networks to communicate and share common interests during their interactions. A social network defined is a social structure that encompasses individuals and organizations who become connected through sharing of common interests, for example in friendship, beliefs, knowledge, etc. In the modern era, post 1950s, humankind had begun to see a sharp climb in technology uses to ease daily tasks and activities. They created a social structure such that much of the interaction and creation of social networks revolves around the use of technology as a resource. Technology in the modern era has begun to be viewed as a means of effective communication and function for a majority of individuals. The comparison between rural indigenous groups of the past and the modern era communication methods can be studied to see whether technology has increased level of communication. ...
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...Question: Explain the development and the nature of the Byzantine institutions (church and state), social and urban life, and cultural achievements? Answer: Byzantine art is the term commonly used to describe the artistic products of the Eastern Roman Empire from about the 5th century until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. (The Roman Empire during this period is conventionally known as the Byzantine Empire.) The term can also be used for the art of states which were contemporary with the Byzantine Empire and shared a common culture with it, without actually being part of it, such as Bulgaria, Serbia or Russia, and also Venice, which had close ties to the Byzantine Empire despite being in other respects part of western European culture. It can also be used for the art of peoples of the former Byzantine Empire under the rule of the Ottoman Empire after 1453. In some respects the Byzantine artistic tradition has continued in Greece, Russia and other Eastern Orthodox countries to the present day. The finest work, the most elegant, and the most accomplished technically, was, naturally enough, associated with the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, which was the very hub of the civilized world from the foundation of the city as capital around 330 till its conquest by the Turks in 1453. But there were other great centers too. In Rome, Milan, Ravenna, and elsewhere in the West works of the greatest importance that were in no way provincial were executed in the early years of Christendom...
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...Shawna Frazier T. Rowe Spanish 1120 5/2/2015 THE WHOLE ENCHILADA Mexican food can be traced back to the time of the Aztecs. The Mayas were the first to invent the tortilla and the start of the enchilada. The start was simple, to create them they would wrap the tortilla around different meats, fish, beans, and chilies. This was called a chillapitzalli, this word came from combining the Aztec words, chili and flute. It wasn’t until Spain’s influence that they would also fry them and top them with salsa. They would stack the tortillas with layers of salsa and cheese, and to top this creation off they would place lettuce and a fried egg on top. Later Spain would change the word chillapitzalli into something easy for them to pronounce, enchilada. In the late 1800’s was when the word enchilada would first be seen in print. The word enchilada comes from the Spanish word enchilar, meaning to add chili to something. In 1521 Spain invaded Mexico. The Spanish did not completely alter Mexican food, but what they did was bring new ingredients into the picture. They introduced new meat, such as chicken, pork and beef as well as new spices and dairy products. The introduction of cows not only gave them beef but it also gave them milk which thus gave them the cheese for their enchiladas. And now with chickens it gave them the egg that they put on top of the enchilada. And because of the introduction of pigs they were now able to fry with the fat from the pig. So they could now fry the...
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...Jose Beltan Beltran 1 Dr. Karanovich History 100 August 2007 Mesoamerica: The land that witnessed it all, the peoples, the culture, and the conquest. The land referred to as Mesoamerica runs west from a point on the Gulf coast of Mexico above what today is the port of Tampico, then expands south to the central desert of highland Mexico, meeting the Pacific coast. On the southeast, the land extends from northwestern Honduras on the Caribbean across to the Pacific shore in El Salvador. About half of Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize, and parts of Honduras and El Salvador are included in Meso-America. This land has great history to it, it is the land that fostered great civilizations and cultures, it is the land where great artifacts were built, where agriculture flourished to support thousands of civilians, and where a brutal and macabre conquest took place. This land witnessed it all. It is important that we understand the history of this land, because if we do, we can understand who founded its cities, who dominated this region, and what Gods influenced its peoples, and who explored it, invaded and colonized this land. It is very uncertain when we speak about the Mexica (people of Mesoamerica) people, because we know very little about them. Much of the information that has been gathered about them comes from large scale excavations, and archeological endeavors that have found ancient ruins, sculptures, temples and the like. But, the things that we...
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...http://ancientmayawebquest.weebly.com/index.html Gathering Questions 1. The ancient Maya were the only people in the Pre-Columbian America to develop what? hieroglyphics 2. Mesoamerica is considered by historians and archaeologists as one of the "well-springs" of civilization. What are some other "well-springs"? 3. What are the 3 major periods archaeologists have separated Maya history into? 4. What are the approximate years of the 3 periods? 5. What happened to the Maya as a people? the Maya Empire consisted of a number of powerful city-states spreading from southern Mexico to northern Honduras. 6. Where were the Maya primarily living? (In what modern-day countries?) 7. Name some of the more famous Maya sites 8. What are Maya "Codices"? folding books stemming from the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, 9. Why are there only 4 Maya codices today? What happened to the rest? 10. What mathematical milestone did the Maya achieve (that the Greeks and Romans did not?) 11. What is obsidian and what did the Maya use it for? 12. Who was "Pacal the Great"? He was king of the Maya kingdom of Palenque. Analysis Stage (3-5 sentence minimum response) 1. Briefly describe the term epigraphy. identifying graphemes clarifying their meaning classifying their uses according to dates and culture context. 2. Who was Linda Schele and what was her contribution to Mayan epigraphy? Linda Schele was an expert in the field of maya epigraphy. 3. Who is David Stuart and what was his contribution...
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...Vera Cruz in 1519, the Spaniard could not possibly understand the eventual effects of his arrival. As two cultures met – Aztec and Spanish – an inevitable exchange of material and cultural goods occurred that would play a significant role in the shaping of the modern world. But the degree to which exchange occurred was not always equivalent. At times, goods were transferred between both continents and the entire world reaped the benefits. In some cases though, the transfer was not always equal and had devastating effects. If any one good moved most fluidly between both continents and enriched multiple societies, it would be food. In 1972, historian Alfred W. Crosby gave an expansive treatment of the idea as part of his construction of “The Columbian Exchange.” The extent of the transference of foods from one continent to the other is almost exhausting; in fact, many modern conceptions of national cuisines would be impossible pre-contact; imagining Italian food without the tomato, Thai food without the chile pepper, or Mexican food without chicken or pork seems implausible. Perhaps the most impactful food was maize. While Europeans quickly attempted to establish wheat as the standard...
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...advanced Amerindian civilizations, Mexico came under Spanish rule for three centuries before achieving independence early in the 19th century. A devaluation of the peso in late 1994 threw Mexico into economic turmoil, triggering the worst recession in over half a century. The nation continues to make an impressive recovery. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely Amerindian population in the impoverished southern states. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that the opposition defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) was sworn in on 1 December 2000 as the first chief executive elected in free and fair elections.Geography Situated in the southwestern part of mainland North America and roughly triangular in shape, Mexico stretches more than 3000 km from northwest to southeast. Its width is varied, from more than 2000 km in the north and less than 220 km at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the south. Mexico is bordered by the United States to the north, and Belize and Guatemala to the southeast. Mexico is about one-fourth the size of the United States. Baja California in the west is an 1,250-km peninsula and forms the Gulf of California. In the east are the Gulf of Mexico and the Bay of Campeche, which...
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...Jalissa H. Professor Green History 101 INCAS The Incas became a definite group near present-day Cuzco around 1200CE. They were American Indian people. They were a small tribe in the Southern highlands of Peru. It was not until about 1400 tht they expanded and became one of the largest and morst tighly guarded empires the worl has ever known, under Pachacuti Inca. About 1532, the Spanish had arrived, at the time their empire was known as TYawantinsuyu. This is also known as the four Quarters, which spreed across the Northern Ecuador to the Central Chile, spanning some 3,500 kilometers in distance. Their skilld in governmebt matched their feat in engineering. They constructed roads, walls, irrigation system which is still being utilized in our society today. In 1532 the Spanish conquerors captured the Inca empires and it began to crumble. The Incas came out of conflicts between a number of competing communities in Southern Peru and Bolivia. It was the help of the military that caused success against the Chanca. This caused the Inca to believe they were under the protection of the sun God, Inti. Inti was known for being the emperor who was an earthly manifestation. The Incas thought they were on an all-powerful assignment to bring the civilization to those they had defeated. They inhabited some of the world’s arid dessert. Close by were the flat coastal lands and the jagged peaks of the Andes Mountain. The natives lived under the rule of one man, the emperor they called...
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...Chapter 7 Confucian Classics-the ancient texts recovered during the Han Dynasty that Confucian scholars treated as sacred scriptures. Silk Road- the trade routes across central Asia through which Chinese silk and other items were traded Eunuchs-castrated males who played an important role as palace servants Age of division- the period after the fall of the Han dynasty when china was politically divided Grand canal- a canal, built during the Sui dynasty that connected the yellow and Yangzi Rivers. Notable for strengthening china’s internal cohesion and economic development Pure land- a school of Buddhism that taught that calling on the Buddha Amitabha and his chief helper, one could achieve rebirth in Amitabha’s pure land paradise Chan-a school of Buddhism that rejected the authority of the sutras and claimed the superiority of mind-to-mind transmission of Buddhist truths Nara- Japan’s capital and the first true city; it was established in 710 and modeled on the Tang capital of Chang’an ------------------------------------------------- Chapter 8 Corpus Juris civilis- the “body of civil law,” it is composed of the code, the digest and the institutes. Dioceses- geographic administrative districts of the church, each under the authority of a bishop and centered around cathedral Arianism- a theological belief, originating with Arius, a priest from Alexandria that denied that Christ was co-eternal with god the father. Popes- heads of the Roman...
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...Lexi Morton January 9th, 2013 Tom Jensen Honors World History Lesson 11 Main Assignment The story of the conquest of the Aztec Empire by a small band of Spanish conquistadors and their Indian allies is one of the most famous episodes from history. It is well known not only for its historical significance, but also for its outrageous and hair-raising feats of derring-do. Hernando Cortez, acting essentially on his own, with an army of only about 500 men overthrew the wealthiest, most sophisticated, and most powerful empire on the American continent. The Aztecs were not a passive, peace-loving people. They had enormous armies of experienced warriors and dominated the tribes and territories for hundreds of miles around. Their cities were large, complex and strongly fortified, and their civilization was prosperous and sophisticated. The Spaniards won a victory over the Aztecs against almost insurmountable odds through a combination of diplomacy, treachery, ferocious combat and good luck. So great was the conquistadors love of gold and glory that they stood firm in nearly impossible circumstances and their sheer audacity won the day. Cortez was unquestionably brutal and merciless at times, but on the whole, he was an exceedingly skilled tactician and a charismatic leader of men. He accomplished a great deal by diplomacy and treated his Indian allies fairly. He had several Indian children whom he acknowledged and provided for, and won the respect of many native leaders...
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...CHOCOLATE Chocolate is a food made from the seeds of a tropical tree called the cacao. The word cacao apparently comes from two Maya Indian words meaning bitter juice. The word chocolate came from two Maya words meaning sour water. Шоколад бол какао гэж нэрлэгдсэн халуун орны модны үрнээс хийгдсэн хүнс юм. Дэлхийн какао нь гашуун шүүс гэсэн утгатай Маяа Индианчуудаас ирдэг юм. Шоколад гэсэн үг нь Исгэлэн ус гэсэн утгатай үг бөгөөд 2 Маяагаас ирсэн. The cacao tree produces the seeds, or cacao beans, from which all chocolate is made. These trees flourish in a warm, moist climate. They live within an area about 20° latitude north and south of the equator. Most of the world's cacao beans come from the west coast of Africa, where Ghana, the Ivory Coast, and Nigeria are the largest producers. Brazil is the largest cacao bean producer in the Western Hemisphere. Какаоны мод нь бүх л шоколадыг хийдэг ба үүнээс үр болон какаоны самрыг гарган авдаг. Эдгээр мод нь чийглэг цаг уур болон халуунд өсөн цэцэглэдэг. Тэд нар нь ойролцоогоор Экватороос хойд болон өмнө зүгт өргөрөгийн 20 бүст амьдардаг. Дэлхийн ихэнх какаоны үр нь Африкийн өмнөд эргээс ирдэг ба Нигер, зааны ясан эрэг, Ган зэрэг улсуудад ихээхэн том үйлдвэрлэгчид нь юм. Бразилийн томоохон какаоны үрний үйлдвэрлэгчид нь өмнөд Hemipshere юм The cultivated cacao tree grows about 25 feet (7.6 meters) high. It produces leaves, flowers, and fruit in all seasons of the year. The flowers are small. They grow singly and in clusters...
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...1) Why does Chasteen believe that Latin-Americans come to the United States? Chasteen believes that Latin Americans wanted to be able to live and work in conditions similar to the United States middle class, along with poverty and proximity. 2) Who was Hernán Cortez? Cortez was a Spanish explorer and conquistador that led an expedition to overthrow the Aztec empire of Tenochtitlan. 3) Who was Bartolomé de las Casas? What is he best known for? Bartolome de las Casas was a university-educated, fortune-seeking young man. By the age of 40, he preached against Spanish exploitation of encomiendas to protect indigenous Americans from the system. He is best known for protection of the Indians and the famous writing “A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies”. 4) What is the “encomienda”? A system that started in Spain where the conquerors were rewarded with people. Indigenous people were assigned to each conqueror, who had the responsibility of Christianizing them and using them for labor. 5) What does “mestizo” mean? “Mestizo” is a person of mixed race, such as indigenous and European heritage. ESSAY QUESTIONS 1. Give three examples of things that all Latin-Americans have in common according to Chasteen. According to Chasteen, Latin Americans are interpreted as “Hot-blooded Latins” with too much “nonwhite blood”. He mentions that as...
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