...THE MISEDUCATION OF THE FILIPINO By Prof. Renato Constantino (An Essay Review) Introduction I learned and realized many things about the history and relationship between the Americans and the Filipinos upon reading this paper. It is quite intriguing what the main reasons really were for Americans in taking power over the Philippines. Was it for the good of the Filipinos or the Americans’ good? Whatever it was, they succeeded in almost every aspect of conquering the land because they knew the most effective way to subjugate the minds is by controlling their education. They created a new generation of good colonials, the “unFilipino” Filipinos. The indigenous ways of life of Filipinos had been changed to the American way of life. The Americans insisted on creating a “carbon-copy” of themselves in Filipinos through the imposition of their language in their education. I went to elementary and high school in the Philippines, and I know for a fact they used both English and Tagalog as the media of teaching. In the long run, I think this resulted in both positive and negative ways — positively, because I was uprooted to the U.S. and I was able to communicate with others, and negatively, because as I have just realized, I feel the “impediment” in my thought process because I cannot think consistently in one language. NATIONALISM IN EDUCATION To have nationalism, Filipino must understand their Filipino culture on discipline, to have a unity in pursuing well-organized educational...
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...the Americans are totally of help. Reading Renato Constantino’s essay entitled “The Miseducation of the Filipinos” gives me an impression that there’s much more to what we see in these days about the educational system in the Philippines. There are many concepts presented by the author that has been taken for granted by the leaders, curriculum planners and other key players in the education system in the country. It is evident that no educator has come up with an educational system that is nationalist. The author emphasizes in the essay that the educational system is patterned in the American educational system which worked in the beginning. But in the end, after we gain our own independence, the context of the educational system no longer worked because it is good only for American framework. Filipinos were conquered by the Americans through education. Constantino reiterated that capturing the mind is the best means of conquest. Thus, Filipinos were educated by the Americans to become good colonials. Filipinos were taught to write, read, speak in English; Filipinos became literate, but were brain washed and became strangers to their native land; to the culture and history of their own country. Education was established based on the American framework by the Americans not just for the purpose of educating the Filipinos but also to preserve and control their control to our country. Filipinos were disoriented to their nationalist...
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...about the history and relationship between the Americans and the Filipinos upon reading this paper. It is quite intriguing what the main reasons really were for Americans in taking power over the Philippines. Was it for the good of the Filipinos or the Americans’ good? Whatever it was, they succeeded in almost every aspect of conquering the land because they knew the most effective way to subjugate the minds is by controlling their education. They created a new generation of good colonials, the “unFilipino” Filipinos. The indigenous ways of life of Filipinos had been changed to the American way of life. The Americans insisted on creating a “carbon-copy” of themselves in Filipinos through the imposition of their language in their education. I went to elementary and high school in the Philippines, and I know for a fact they used both English and Tagalog as the media of teaching. In the long run, I think this resulted in both positive and negative ways — positively, because I was uprooted to the U.S. and I was able to communicate with others, and negatively, because as I have just realized, I feel the “impediment” in my thought process because I cannot think consistently in one language. NATIONALISM IN EDUCATION To have nationalism, Filipino must understand their Filipino culture on discipline, to have a unity in pursuing well-organized educational leaders that nationalism is important in education. Filipino must practice etiquette in education to pursue a goal. NEW PERSPECTIVE ...
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...Pulmonary function tests Email this page to a friend Share on facebook Share on twitter Bookmark & Share Printer-friendly version Pulmonary function tests are a group of tests that measure how well the lungs take in and release air and how well they move gases such as oxygen from the atmosphere into the body's circulation. How the Test is Performed Spirometry measures airflow. By measuring how much air you exhale, and how quickly, spirometry can evaluate a broad range of lung diseases. In a spirometry test, while you are sitting, you breathe into a mouthpiece that is connected to an instrument called a spirometer. The spirometer records the amount and the rate of air that you breathe in and out over a period of time. For some of the test measurements, you can breathe normally and quietly. Other tests require forced inhalation or exhalation after a deep breath. Sometimes you will be asked to inhale the substance or a medicine to see how it changes your test results. Lung volume measurement can be done in two ways: * The most accurate way is to sit in a sealed, clear box that looks like a telephone booth (body plethysmograph) while breathing in and out into a mouthpiece. Changes in pressure inside the box help determine the lung volume. * Lung volume can also be measured when you breathe nitrogen or helium gas through a tube for a certain period of time. The concentration of the gas in a chamber attached to the tube is measured to estimate the lung volume. To...
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...democracy that through this tongue, the Filipinos would imbibe the American way of life which no distinction between rich and poor, which gives equal opportunities. English has created a barrier between monopolist of power and the people. English has become a status symbol while the native tongues look down. Because of their command of English, the mass has gotten used only half understanding what is said to them In English. They appreciate the sounds without knowing the sense. This is the barrier to democracy. Because of their language barrier, they are content to leave to their leaders. Impediments to thought A foreign language is an impediment to instruction. Instead of learning native tongue, a child has first to master and memorize its foreign tongue. A foreign tongue as a medium of instruction constitutes an impediment to learning and thinking. A student first has to master and construct new sounds, inflection, and sentence. The private sector Before WWII, public schools were superior to products of private schools in point of learning. Today, public schools are look down and only the poor send their children to these schools. 2 concomitant tendencies 1. commercialization of education 2. private owned and operated by foreigners Other: educational Media American films, comics, press services, fellowships in America have contributed almost total Americanization of our attitudes. Needed: Filipinos The education of the Filipino must be a Filipino Education. It must be based on the...
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...HE MISEDUCATION OF FILIPINO According to Prof. Renato Constantino, Education is a vital weapon of a people striving for economic emancipation, political independence and cultural renaissance. We are such a people. Philippine education therefore must produce Filipinos who are aware of their country’s problems, who understand the basic solution to these problems, and who care enough to have courage to work and sacrifice for their country’s salvation. NATIONALISM IN EDUCATION To have nationalism, Filipino must understand their Filipino culture on discipline, to have a unity in pursuing well-organized educational leaders that nationalism is important in education. Filipino must practice etiquette in education to pursue a goal. NEW PERSPECTIVE The relation of America and Philippines to improve the nationalism and to complete the agenda of our revolutionary leaders the perspective of education is to brighten the educational system and philosophy which was first introduced by the American. CAPTURING MINDS Education is very important in our life. It will be a weapon to fight in every trial we are facing. To win something, you must strive for it. The most effective way to conquer a person is to capture their minds. Despite the terroristic way of Japanese, the Filipino was never conquered. Because of being hatred of Filipino to Japanese, Filipino’s minds were so eager to let the Japanese leave our country. BEGINNINGS OF COLONIAL EDUCATION Not all who colonized our country...
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...THE MISEDUCATION OF FILIPINO According to Prof. Renato Constantino, Education is a vital weapon of a people striving for economic emancipation, political independence and cultural renaissance. We are such a people. Philippine education therefore must produce Filipinos who are aware of their country’s problems, who understand the basic solution to these problems, and who care enough to have courage to work and sacrifice for their country’s salvation. NATIONALISM IN EDUCATION To have nationalism, Filipino must understand their Filipino culture on discipline, to have a unity in pursuing well-organized educational leaders that nationalism is important in education. Filipino must practice etiquette in education to pursue a goal. NEW PERSPECTIVE The relation of America and Philippines to improve the nationalism and to complete the agenda of our revolutionary leaders the perspective of education is to brighten the educational system and philosophy which was first introduced by the American. CAPTURING MINDS Education is very important in our life. It will be a weapon to fight in every trial we are facing. To win something, you must strive for it. The most effective way to conquer a person is to capture their minds. Despite the terroristic way of Japanese, the Filipino was never conquered. Because of being hatred of Filipino to Japanese, Filipino’s minds were so eager to let the Japanese leave our country. BEGINNINGS OF COLONIAL EDUCATION Not all who colonized our country...
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...Reading Renato Constantino’s essay entitled “The Miseducation of the Filipinos” gives me an impression that there’s much more to what we see in these days about the educational system in the Philippines. There are many concepts presented by the author that has been taken for granted by the leaders, curriculum planners and other key players in the education system in the country. It is evident that no educator has come up with an educational system that is nationalist. The author emphasizes in the essay that the educational system is patterned in the American educational system which worked in the beginning. But in the end, after we gain our own independence, the context of the educational system no longer worked because it is good only for American framework. Filipinos were conquered by the Americans through education. Constantino reiterated that capturing the mind is the best means of conquest. Thus, Filipinos were educated by the Americans to become good colonials. Filipinos were taught to write, read, speak in English; Filipinos became literate, but were brain washed and became strangers to their native land; to the culture and history of their own country. Education was established based on the American framework by the Americans not just for the purpose of educating the Filipinos but also to preserve and control their control to our country. Filipinos were disoriented to their nationalist goals because they had to become good colonials. The use of English as medium of...
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...Professors of Filipino breaking bad over CHED memo By MARK ANGELES June 14, 2014 12:32pm (Updated 12:39 p.m., June 15, 2014) College professors who teach Filipino and supporters of the Filipino language in general are contesting a Commission on Higher Education (CHED) memorandum that will remove the teaching of Filipino from the General Education Curriculum (GEC). According to the CHED Memorandum (CMO) No. 20, series of 2013, Filipino will no longer be part of the GEC by 2016 and the teaching of Filipino at the college level will be limited to Filipino majors and Education in Filipino majors. The CHED justified its removal of college-level Filipino by saying that the subject would be covered in Grades 11 and 12 under the new K-12 curriculum. “Hangga't maari, pagdating mo sa college, mga major subjects na lang,” explained CHED Executive Director Julito Vitriolo. The National Commission for Culture and the Arts' National Committee on Language and Translation (NCCA-NCLT), however, believes otherwise. Last May 23, its members unanimously signed a resolution asking the GEC be revised again, but this time to include nine mandatory units of Filipino for all courses at the tertiary level. The Pambansang Samahan sa Linggwistika at Literaturang Filipino, Ink. (PSLLF), an organization that promotes the use of Filipino, has thrown its support behind the NCCA-NCLT resolution by promoting a change.org petition which asks the CHED and Congress to include the nine Filipino units in...
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...Life of Filipinos Immigrants and their American dreams Filipino Americans are now the second largest group of Asian Americans as well as the second largest immigrant group in the United States. According to the U.S. census, there are approximately 9 million people living in America who are of Asian descent. Twenty-three percent of that are of Chinese ancestry; 20% are Filipino; 12% are Asian Indian; and Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese each share about 10%. They are neither alien nor citizen, and they are US “national”. Similar to other Asian groups, they were hired as cheaper labors. It is never be easy to leave the home country and migrant to another country. Sometimes life can be difficult for many immigrants, and life can not be impossible, especially those who don’t speak broken English and people of color. Pinoys struggled a lot and could not adjust themselves to the mainstream culture therefore; they experienced a lot of discrimination in the United States. They could not marry to a White girl, or they could not own properties. Their wages were extreme low and work longer hours in a day in the field, and their never gain respect from white people. Their lives represent the diversity of the immigrant experience and their narratives are a way to understand ethnical identity and Filipino Americans history. What are the impacts of the US colonization on Pilipino? One of the major impacts was education. Education was one of the best ways to pacify the Filipinos. US introduced...
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...Outline 1. History of the System of Education in the Philippines 1.1 Pre-Colonial Era 1.2 Under Spanish Colonization 1.3 Under American Colonization 2. Critical Theories on Education 2.1 Failure of Liberal Ideologies 2.2 Education and the Reproduction of Economic Relationships 2.2.1 Correspondence Theory 2.3 Education and the Reproduction of State Power 2.4 Education and Cultural Reproduction 2.5 Theories of Resistance 2.6 What Can People Do? 2.6.1 Rachel Sharp 2.6.2 Harris 2.6.3 Willis 2.7 The Uses of the University 3. Overview of the System of Education in TODAY society 3.1 2002 / Millenium Curriculum 3.2 RGEP (in the University of the Philippines) 4. Work Cited 1. History of the System of Education in the Philippines To have an understanding of the education in the Philippines with regard to the vast impact of globalization upon it, let us take a look first at the historical context of the system of education in the country. 1.1 System of Education during Pre-Colonial Era The system of education in the Philippines during the pre-colonial times was highly related to and influenced by the kind of economic situation. The type of society before Spanish colonization was Primitive Communal and shifting to Asiatic feudalism. Because the subsistent mode of production they had, the mode at which education is being proliferated and spread out was also plain and simple. Alibata, the native alphabet, was used as a medium of instruction. During the pre-colonial era, the educators were...
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...ABSTRACT The essay is an attempt to analyze, evaluate and criticize issues affecting the educational system through the years with the end view of recommending possible improvements. The metamorphosis of Philippine education through the years was a gradual process brought about by generations of colonialism and imperialism. From the Spaniards to the Americans, to the Japanese even during the Liberation period up to the EDSA revolution, changes in education did not match the high hopes of the Filipino people. Presently, the Philippine educational system needs to address issues not only of accessibility and quality in providing education for all. Other issues needs to addressed involved the role of education in the national development, the unresponsive curriculum, improper monitoring of programs implemented, globalization of education and even politics in education. For the Philippine education to succeed its ills and problems must be addressed. There is a need for values reorientation of the Filipinos as a key to national development. Teachers’ transformation, in terms of their values orientation is necessary. Part of the teachers’ transformation must include their upgrading or updating for professional and personal development. Hence, government support and intervention, along this line is very much needed. As these very same ills and problems have been hounding the country for the last several decades, failure to do so will only compound these problems in the coming years. Keywords:...
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...saanmang panig ng mundo — na hindi pa rin nakalilimot sa ugat ng kanilang lahi, sabik na sabik na makakita at makipag-usap sa sariling wika sa sinumang kalahi at, higit sa lahat, nangungulila sa bansang napilitang layasan dahil sa napakasamang kalagayang pangkabuhayan at panlipunan bunga ng tiwaling gobyernong lumilitaw na instrumento lamang ng pagsasamantala at inhustisya ng mga kapitalista’t asendero, ng bastardong mga pulitiko, at ng ilang mga taong naglulublob sa impluwensiya, kapangyarihan at pribilehiyo. Nakasusuka naman, sa kabilang banda, ang ilang Pilipinong mamamayang Amerikano na ngayon na nagpipilit na maging mas Amerikano kaysa tunay na mga Amerikano. Kung totoo man o pagbibiro lamang ang lumabas sa Internet, may titulong “Filipino Names = U.S. Citizens” na pinagbatayan ng artikulo ng isang Matthew Sutherland sa London Observer, nagpalit ng pangalan ang naturang mga Pilipino nang maging mga mamamayan na ng Estados Unidos bago naganap ang Setyembre 11 pagkadurog ng Twin Towers sa New York. Malinaw na tandisan na nilang ikinahihiya ang pagiging Pilipino na kahit palitan pa ang kanilang mga pangalan, hindi naman maikakaila ng kanilang mga mukha na sila’y Pilipino. Higit sa lahat, pinutol na nila ang anumang ugat na mag-uugnay sa dati nilang bansa — wika man, kultura o kaugalian. Nagbibiro man o hindi si Sutherland, sinalaula ng naturang mga Pinoy-Amerikano hindi lamang ang kanilang buong lahi kundi maging ang buo nilang pagkatao sa sinadya nilang pagpapalit ng pangalan...
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...THE MISEDUCATION OF THE FILIPINO Prof. Renato Constantino, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol.1.,No.1 (1970) Education is a vital weapon of a people striving for economic emancipation, political independence and cultural renaissance. We are such a people. Philippine education therefore must produce Filipinos who are aware of their country's problems, who understand the basic solution to these problems, and who care enough to have courage to work and sacrifice for their country's salvation. Nationalism in Education In recent years, in various sectors of our society, there have been nationalist stirrings which were crystallized and articulated by the late Claro M. Recto, There were jealous demands for the recognition of Philippine sovereignty on the Bases question. There were appeals for the correction of the iniquitous economic relations between the Philippines and the United States. For a time, Filipino businessmen and industrialists rallied around the banner of the FILIPINO FIRST policy, and various scholars and economists proposed economic emancipation as an intermediate goal for the nation. In the field of art, there have been signs of a new appreciation for our own culture. Indeed, there has been much nationalist activity in many areas of endeavor, but we have yet to hear of a wellorganized campaign on the part of our educational leaders for nationalism in education. Although most of our educators are engaged in the lively debate on techniques and tools for the improved...
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...James Clifford T. Santos Dr. Jocelyn Martin LIT 127.2 (Postcolonial Literature II) Ateneo De Manila University 10 February 2014 Of Interpreters, Schools, and Courts: An Analysis of the Postcolonial Themes of Language, Education, and Power in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart Through his awareness of the European literary tradition of negatively stereotyping the African natives as uncivilized peoples and putting the West in the pedestal in terms of cultural superiority and advancement (Guthrie 51-52), it can be asserted that the renowned African novelist and intellectual Chinua Achebe may had realized, at one point in his life, that in order to have a more realistic portrayal of the dynamics of Western and non-Western contact, there is a need to break such convention which undeniably favours the West. Perhaps, this is the reason why Achebe had written Things Fall Apart in such a way that it provides readers the African point of view of culture, identity and colonization thereby eradicating the dominant and unwarranted perception that the peoples of Africa are mere savages that have no customs, beliefs and traditions. Indeed, by providing a somewhat balanced approach in portraying the dynamic societal changes experienced by the Ibo people due to the conflict between their traditional culture and the foreign culture brought by their English colonizers primarily through religious and educational instruction, Things Fall Apart indubitably qualifies as a relevant and interesting...
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