...social arrangements for achieving controlled performance in pursuit of collective goals (Buchanan & Huczynski 1997). The organization can also be defined as, social element developed by humans to serve some purpose. An organization usually consists of more than one people. According to Rollinson, the organizations are goals directed i.e. they are created to serve some purpose. However, this does not mean that everyone in the particular organization has the common goals and neither does it follow that everybody is aware of the goals pursued by the organization. Achieving the purpose or the goals for the organisation normally requires that human activity be deliberately structured and coordinated in some way, thus there will be identifiable parts or activities (Rollinson, 2008). For example, let us take our University as an organisation. The students, teaching staffs, non-teaching staffs, top management, workers, buildings and other resources available in the university form the organisation. The purpose of the university is to provide the quality education to the students. There is a culture being followed up in this organisation. The culture plays a major role in the organisation. But this culture is different from one organisation to another. What is Organisational Behaviour? It is the study of human behavior in organisational contexts, with a focus on individual and group processes and actions. Hence, it involves an exploration of organizational and managerial processes...
Words: 2767 - Pages: 12
...Management in Risk Management Bernard L. Erven Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics Ohio State University Human resources have two roles in risk management. First, people are a source of risk, e.g., shortage of employees, people doing sloppy work, an employee refusing to take on additional responsibility or a key employee leaving two months after completion of a one-year training program. Second, people are important in handling risk, e.g., people using their ingenuity to solve unexpected problems, employees going the extra mile for the good of the organization, a key employee redesigning her own job to avoid unnecessary delays in getting work done, or an employee persuading a talented friend to apply for a position in the business. Human resources include more than regular full-time employees. They include: all management and labor personnel, family and non family members, full-time and part-time people, and seasonal and year around employees. Human resources play important roles in farm businesses of all sizes. Orientation and training matter as much for one employee as for 20 employees. A business with just two people can have serious conflicts that jeopardize the business’ continuity and success. No team of people is so small as to avoid the need for leadership or so large as to make leadership impossible. Risk specialists have traditionally focused mostly on important causes of risk such as weather, disease and natural calamities, and ways to...
Words: 2172 - Pages: 9
...| 2015 | | [Analyzing Organization] | | Contents Introduction: 2 What is Organizational Behavior? 3 Paradigms 3 Functionalist paradigm 4 Interpretive paradigm 4 Radical humanist paradigm 4 Methodology of data gathering 5 Background information about the organization: 5 Analyzing data with literature review 6 Definition of Culture and Culture in McDonald 6 McDonald's development in China 7 Relating Schein’s model with McDonald 8 Levels of culture: 8 Artefacts: 8 Values: 9 Basic assumptions: 10 Conclusion: 10 References: 12 Introduction: An organization or company can be defined as the developed social elements by the humans in order to serve some kind of purpose. Generally the organization is consisting of an individual or a group of people purposely systemized or organized to achieve a common and an overall goal or set of goals. Usually organizations range in size from one person to thousands. Almost every organization has a structure of management that regulates relationships between the members and different activities and authority , responsibilities and assigning role to carry out different tasks within and outside of organization. An Organization is social arrangements for achieving controlled performance in pursuit of collective goals (According to Buchanan & Huczynski (1997). There are many vital aspects to keep in consideration about the goal of the business organization. These features are categorical (recognized...
Words: 3201 - Pages: 13
...Directions – Mark Tadajewski 1 1.2 “Paradigms Lost”: On Theory and Method in Research in Marketing – Rohit Deshpande 4 1.3 Empirical Business Ethics Research and Paradigm Analysis – V. Brand 6 2 Summary on key learning notes 9 Bibliography 12 The Philosophy of Science The discussion of marketing as a science and the different paradigms related to it were unfamiliar to me before I read these articles included in the assignment. I had earlier gotten familiar with the discussion of economic sociology and the discussion and the debate between economics as a science (especially the neo-classic economic approach) and the subject it researches, i.e. the economic markets where these economic practices take place. It is thus also logical to become familiar with the evolution of marketing practices, as this to many degrees resembles and also equates to the evolution of economic sciences and other sciences alike. The articles are assessed in the order that I read them, since it is hopefully also possible for the reader to follow a logical construct in the development and adoption of the insight that the articles provide on marketing research. Even though this does not pose a logical progression of the articles time-wise, I still feel that it is natural to address these articles in this mentioned fashion. The first one of the articles discussed is “The Philosophy of Marketing Theory” by M. Tadajewski, the second one is “Paradigms Lost” by R. Deshpande, and the third and...
Words: 4412 - Pages: 18
...Applications | [Type the document title] | | | Contents 1. Gray, J. (2009). Jim Gray on eScience: A transformed scientific method. The Fourth Paradigm: Data-intensive scientific discovery 2 2. Rowley, J. (2007). Wisdom hierarchy: Representations of the DIKW hierarchy. Journal of Information Science 3 3. Goldman, N. (2013). Towards practical, high-capacity, low-maintenance information storage in synthesized DNA. 4 4. Gray, J. (1981). The transaction concept: virtues and limitations. In: VLDB '81: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on Very Large Data Bases 5 5. Codd, E. F. (1970). A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks. Communications of the ACM 7 6. Chen, P. (1976). The entity-relationship model: Toward a unified view of data. ACM Transactions on Database Systems 8 1. Gray, J. (2009). Jim Gray on eScience: A transformed scientific method. The Fourth Paradigm: Data-intensive scientific discovery Gray states that there is need to distinguish data-intensive science from computational science; he defines an emerging fourth paradigm for scientific exploration. This paradigm is derived from the deluge of data being produced within scientific research fields, and the necessity for tools which can be utilised within the whole research cycle; data capture, curation, analysis and visualisation. He identified that currently the data being produced is not being organised, or published in a systematic way; he states that there...
Words: 3050 - Pages: 13
...positivist and interpretive paradigms and discussion on how they are both related to the proposed study 'Chinese culture on learning and the use of meta-cognitive language-learning strategies at an institute of vocational education in Hong Kong'. By Manfred Wu "I certify that this work is entirely my own and has not been accepted as part of a submission to another degree course" _________________________ Word Length: 5,964 Abstract This paper begins with a review of the positivist and interpretive paradigms. After the description of a proposed study on Chinese values on learning and use of meta-cognitive language-learning strategies (MCLLS), how the study emerges from the two paradigms is discussed. Discussions show that the aims of the study of gathering descriptive data and exploring relationships between the two variables as well as the use of survey method are more pertained to the positivist paradigm as it shares features with the paradigm including a high degree of control over responses, use of statistics both for descriptive and for determining relationships and researchers being detached by adopting the role of an objective and passive informant. Other aims of generating insights on the two selected concepts, collecting information from respondents' frame of reference, focusing on the whole institutional setting and the use of semi-structured interview are more pertained to the interpretive paradigm. It is because the design focuses...
Words: 7379 - Pages: 30
...players and determinants on the stock markets. From the survey they conduct, the posit that the bulk of the empirical studies examine whether the stock market under study is or is not weak-form efficient in the absolute sense, assuming that the level of market efficiency remains unchanged throughout the estimation period. The authors acknowledge that one field that has drawn extensive investigation by scholars and other players alike is the predictability of stock returns on the basis of past price changes. This is partly due to its direct implication on weak-form market efficiency. They find that a vast majority of the literature implicitly assumes the level of market efficiency remains unchanged throughout the estimation period. However, the possibility of temporal instability in the underlying economic relations has received increasing attention from economists (see, for example, Stock and Watson, 2003). Kian-Ping Lim and Robert Brooks through their present survey show that there is an expanding literature which challenges the assumed static characteristic of market efficiency by means of non-overlapping sub-period analysis,...
Words: 1925 - Pages: 8
...Definitions of Research: * "The act of searching closely or carefully for or after a specified thing or person" * "An investigation directed to discovery of some fact by careful study of a subject" * "A course of scientific enquiry" (where scientific = "producing demonstrative knowledge") Howard and Sharp (HS) define research as: "seeking through methodical processes to add to bodies of knowledge by the discovery or elucidation of non-trivial facts, insights and improved understanding of situations, processes and mechanisms". [Howard, K. and Sharp, J.A. The Management of a student research project, Gower, 1983 - a useful and practical “how to do it” guide] Two other, more recent guides are: Denscombe, Martyn, 2002, Ground rules for good research: a 10 point guide for social research, Open University Press. Robinson Library Shelf Mark: 300.72 DEN, Level 3 (several copies), 2 copies also available in the Student Texts collection (Level 2) Denscombe,Martyn, 2003, The Good Research Guide: for small scale social research projects, Open University Press, Robinson Library Shelf Mark: 372.30281 DEN, Study Skills Collection, Level 4 (several copies) What particular cognitive and affective skills should we have aquired already? Bloom's taxonomy of educational...
Words: 4067 - Pages: 17
...A Systematic Approach to Writing and Rating Entrepreneurial Business Plans KEVIN HINDLE AND BRENT MAINPRIZE KEVIN HINDLE is a professor of entrepreneurship at the Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology. Melbourne, Australia. khindle@swin.edu.au BRENT MAINPRIZE is the core professor of entrepreneurship in the Faculty of Management at Royal Roads University in British Columbia, Canada. brent.inainprize@royalroads.ca T here is a small but growing b o d y of research that details many desirable attributes a n d qualities that, at a general level, any entrepreneurial business plan should contain. It is a reasonable proposition that this research, and any principles it may contain, can and should provide the basis for a systematic approach t o b o t h the writing and evaluation of entrepreneurial business plans. Despite this, the majority of entrepreneurial business plan writing and evaluation is unsystematic—if systematic is taken to mean "based o n empirical evidence and developed theory." T h e vast majority of the a b u n d a n t literature on " h o w to write a successful business p l a n " is n o t research-based (Hindle [1997]). T h e espoused criteria of its authors far o u t weigh the formal application of the k n o w n attributes of successful ventures (Hindle and Mainprize [2002]). This article seeks to articulate a research-based system for assessing the c o n t e n t quality of e...
Words: 9124 - Pages: 37
...proposal The acceptance criteria were compiled during internal requirement elicitation work sessions with representatives from the different departments in the bank. These criteria were then weighted based on importance. Number | Acceptance criteria | Weight | Compliance rating | | Weight x compliance rating | | | | Vendor A | Vendor B | In-house | Vendor A | Vendor B | In-house | 1 | Application software product requirements | | | | | | | | 1.1 | All settlement shall be prefunded | 20 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 60 | 60 | 40 | 1.2 | The system shall provide for different settlement options | 30 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 20 | 60 | 20 | 1.3 | The system shall facilitate intraday credit extension against collateral | 10 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 40 | 60 | 20 | 1.4 | The system shall be able to interface with existing back-office systems | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 40 | 40 | 60 | 1.5 | Settlement should be final and irrevocable | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 60 | 20 | 60 | 2 | Infrastructure requirements | | | | | | | | 2.1 | All communication between the System and participants must go via SWIFT or the online web function, | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | The System’s network protocol(s) should be TCP-based (rather than UDP-based). | 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 60 | 20 | 60 | 2.3 | Participants should connect to the system via a web-based front-end | 7 | 3 | 3...
Words: 2801 - Pages: 12
...or CMP 401 ASSIGNMENT | ORGANIZATION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES | | ANZOTSA JOHN ALAKU | BHU/12/04/05/0042 COMPUTER SCIENCE 400 LEVEL | | | ABRSTRACT My objective for these research was to find out about different programming languages and paradigm in which they belong, the most important use in this research are text and journal by other researchers. After all studies where carried out, I came to a conclusion that one programing language can belong to more than one paradigm C++ C++ is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose programming language. Some people say that C++ is a middle language because it has the features of high level and low-level language. As one of the most popular programming languages in the world, C++ is widely used in the software industry. C++ is also used for hardware design to analyze structure. Some of its application domains include systems software, application software, device drivers, embedded software, high-performance server and client applications, and entertainment software such as video games. AspectJ AspectJ is a general-purpose Aspect-Oriented extension to java programming language. It was created at Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated (PARC), now it is an open source project and part of the Eclipse Foundation. AspectJ has everything that Java has and more which...
Words: 3773 - Pages: 16
...ANALYSIS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PARADIGMN BY GROUP 4 (M. Sc.) CSC 801 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PARADIGMNS TERM PAPER SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, AKOKA June, 2015. ABSTRACT This is a survey on the programming languages paradigm: Imperative, Scripting, logic, Functional, object oriented and Markup. Our survey work involves a comparative study of these six programming languages with respect to the above programming paradigm using the following criteria: secure programming practices, web application development, OOP-based abstractions, reflection, Reusability, Portability, Reliability, Readability, Availability of compilers and tools, Familiarity, Expressiveness We study these languages in the context of the above mentioned criteria and the level of support they provide for each one of them. TABLE OF CONTENT 1. OVERVIEW OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PARADIGMS 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 CRITERIA OF LANGUAGE COMPARISON 2. IMPERATIVE LANGUAGES 2.1 Imperative Paradigm 2.1.2 Java as an Imperative Paradigm 2.1.3 Criteria 3. SCRIPTING LANGUAGES 3.1 Scripting Paradigm 3.2 Php as an Scripting Paradigm 3.3 Criteria 4. FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGES 4.1 Functional Paradigm 3.2 Php as an Scripting Paradigm 3.3 Criteria 5.1 LOGIC LANGUAGES 5.1.1 Readability 5.1.2 Ease of Learning 5.1.3 Ease of Maintenance 5.1.4 Extensibility 5.1.5 Pedagogy 5.1.6 Portability 6.1 OBJECT ORIENTED LANGUAGES (OOL) 6.1.1 Readability 6.1.2 Ease of Learning 6.1.3 Ease...
Words: 4013 - Pages: 17
...First_Pages Lut30352_ch01_001-030.qxd 8/7/09 3:26 PM Page 1 Part One Environmental and Organizational Context 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction to Organizational Behavior: An Evidence-Based Approach Environmental Context: Globalization, Diversity, and Ethics Organizational Context: Design and Culture Organizational Context: Reward Systems 5 31 57 88 EVIDENCE-BASED CONSULTING PRACTICES A major component of the evidence-based theme of this text and the link to practice are these part openers from the world-famous Gallup Organization. Gallup draws from its internationally recognized survey science and cadre of internal and external researchers (e.g., the author of this text and a Nobel Prize winner in behavioral economics are Gallup Senior Scientists), publishes its findings in the top academic journals such as Journal of Applied Psychology and provides this evidenced-based perspective and representative practices for each text part. Gallup is the recognized world leader in the measurement and analysis of human attitudes, opinions, and behavior, building on over three-quarters of a century of success. Gallup employs many of the world’s leading scientists in management, economics, psychology, and sociology. Gallup performance management systems help organizations maximize employee productivity and increase customer engagement through measurement tools, management solutions, and strategic advisory services. Gallup’s 2000 professionals deliver services on-site at client organizations...
Words: 17103 - Pages: 69
...recognise the speech patterns, tunes and tones of the languages used in their home contexts. Language theory research informs us that young children's language development is influenced by many factors, including having sensitive adults and older children around them who will listen and attend to their expressions and who will use and model appropriate language themselves. This has been called 'Motherese' by researchers led by Cathy Snow. Children's babbling during their first year includes the sounds of every world language and 'crib talk' demonstrates their intense interest in the sounds they hear around them. Although children with a hearing loss will stop babbling, if they grow up in a home with parents who can sign, they will follow the same patterns of development using their first language - signing - and will sign their first word at around the same age that hearing children speak theirs. Between two and three years of age most children will be able to use language to influence the people closest to them, indicating the links with brain development and their growing ability to 'mind read' (this means they are beginning to understand the minds of their parents, sisters and brothers and try to manipulate them through persuasion, mock tears, teasing and so on). Research shows that, in general, boys acquire...
Words: 21453 - Pages: 86
...Implementation...they could not care less NewWay (in order of priorities) 1. Implementation... 2. Process... 3. Document... The old way was about efficiency. Satisfying a govt body who wanted a document. The new way is about effectiveness. If you focus on effectiveness, the likely by product is that you will be efficient. If you focus on efficiency, the likeliness of being effective is 50/50. Involvement and participation by a lot of people equals successful implementation... The lack of the same equals resistance. You want to create ownership of the plan by the troops. ************************************************************************ Course Objectives 1. Recognize, understand and interpret emerging trends. Example: All drug trends start on the west coast. 2. Describe leadership traits of future leaders. Visionary, competent, lead by example, integrity, 3. Develop a positive organizational culture. Example: Foster learning, don't micromanage, don't manage for the slugs (10%) manage for the good workers (90%), treat people differently on how they perform not treating everyone the same, PASSION/POSITIVE ATTITUDE people who come to work and want to be there, 4. Initiate and manage successful change. You lead change...you don't manage it. You lead people you manage bullets. There needs to be a sense of urgency. - 2 - 5. Conduct a situational audit. 6. Create buy-in for...
Words: 2534 - Pages: 11
