...Measuring food by the mile How much of your dinner tonight will have been grown locally? And how much will have travelled several hundred miles - even several thousand miles - to reach your table? Measuring food miles is a complex task but, reports Tim Lobstein, the results make disturbing reading. Living Earth and The Food Magazine An analysis of the materials needed to produce our food can be startling. Ten litres of orange juice needs a litre of diesel fuel for processing and transport, and 220 litres of water for irrigaton and washing the fruit. The water may be a renewable resource, but the fuel is not only irreplaceable but is a pollutant, too. The problem is that fossil fuels, such as petrol and diesel are remarkably cheap. The price of the fuel itself does not reflect the cost of providing the roads on which the vehicles travel. Nor does it reflect the cost of the environmental damage that burning fossil fuel creates. Nor the cost of developing alternatives when the oil wells run dry. All these costs will have to be paid for sooner or later, but they are not added to the price of the food. If they were we might think very differently about whether we wanted to pay the true price for fresh lettuces from California, strawberries from Israel, and flowers from Kenya. Food Miles Madness The real cost of food miles madness are seldom reflected in the price of food,' says SAFE Alliance co-ordinator Hugh Raven, 'It costs in terms of diverting land...
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...This chapter explains how and why different research methods are selected by the author. The author has made logical justification of different research methodology techniques in accordance with the aim and objectives of the research. Research methodology helps the researcher to get a systematic solution of the research problems. Kumar (2008) mentioned research methodology as the science of conducting research. Cottrell and McKenzie (2011) argued good research should be followed by the well-established previous theories. 9.1 Research Process According to the onion model of Saunders et al (2009), a good research should generally consist of valid and justified research philosophy, research approach, research strategy, research design and data...
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...Statement of the Problem 2 1.3 Purpose of the Study 3 1.4 Objectives of the Study 3 1.5 Research Hypotheses 4 1.6 Significance of the Study 4 1.7 Scope and Organization of the Study 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERAURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2. Theories of Organizational culture 7 2.3 Other theories 13 2.4 Empirical Literature Review 23 2.5 Operational Definitions of Terms and Constructs 29 2.6 General Overview of the Banking Sector 30 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 32 3.1 Introduction 32 3.2 Design of the Study 32 3.3 Population and Sampling 33 3.4 Sources of Data 34 3.5 Study Instrument…………………………………………………………………………………………………....35 3.6 Analytical Techniques…………………………………………………………………………………………...35 3.7 Analysis of Data 34 3.8 Variables…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………36 3.8.1 Dependent Variables………………………………………………………………………………………36 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 40 4.1 Introduction........................................................................................................40 4.2 Data presentation………………………………………………………………………………………………40 4.3 Testing of hypothesis 41 4.4 Findings 47 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 56 5.1 Summary 56 5.2 Conclusions 57 5.3 Recommendations 58 5.3 Limitations of the Study 59 5.4 Further Study 59 REFERENCES 60 APPENDIX II; RAW OUTPUT 65 ...
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..................3 Introduction ..................................................................................................................4 Advantages of opening new branch in South East London .........................................6 Disadvantages of opening new branch in South East London .....................................7 Literature Review .........................................................................................................8 PEST analysis ...............................................................................................................9 SWOT analysis ............................................................................................................11 Michael Porters five forces ..........................................................................................13 Boston Consulting Group ............................................................................................15 Stakeholders Analysis ..................................................................................................17 Lewins Model ..............................................................................................................19 Research Methods .......................................................................................................21 Primary research method...
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... Abuzar sabir 094432057 Adnan Mukthar 094432004 Mujtaba Haider 094432064 Date : 10-06-2011 Knorr Chicken Noodles Tables of Contents 1. Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………….…..… 04 2. Executive summary ………………………………………………………... 05 3. Introduction of company ………………………………………….……….….. 06 4. Analysis of end to end supply chain………………………………………….. 07 4.1. Generalized supply chain model…………………………………... 07 4.1.1. Suppliers network………………………………………… 07 4.1.2. Customers network……………………………………… 10 4.1.3. Flow chart of generalized supply chain model……………… 11 5. Upstream and downstream activities………………………………… 12 5.1. Supply chain flow……………………………………… 12 5.1.1. Material flow…………………………………………… 12 5.1.2. Flow chart of material flow……………………………… 13 5.1.3. Information flow………………………………………… 14 5.1.4. Flow chart of material flow……………………………… 15 5.1.5. Cash flow……………………………………………… 16 5.1.6. Flow chart of cash flow……………………………… 17 6. Supply chain process map………………………………………………… 18 6.1. Process activity mapping…………………………………...
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...Social work Theory Essay Introduction This essay will explain how Social work is about dealing with various problems within society and how Social work theories provide a framework which enable Social work practice find an effective solution to the issue at hand. It will explain how Social work theory draws on linking those theories and putting it into practice and that the relationship between the two aspects are imperative. The interrelationships between Theory and Practice. Social work is about dealing with society and the issues they have in their daily life. Society is complex and therefore having theories to work with can empower the Social worker as much as a client. The theories shape the course of action taken or the practice. Theories are described in Payne (2014) as generalized ideas that can describe our knowledge of situations and the world in which we live in an organised manner (p.3). Specifically in relation to social work theory, Payne (p.5) simply states it helps us do or understand social work. Nash, Munford & O’Donoghue describe how theory informs practice which in turn informs theory in action and describes it as a ‘map’ (p.15). Without being able to understand Social work, let alone do it in practice you would not assist the client and therefore is a key piece within the jigsaw of Social work. According to Payne (p.9) there are four different ways to approach theory; Perspectives which allows you to look at situations from different points...
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...They will promote events and new exhibitions at The LEGO House. More precisely, using data analysis from customers’ databases, the marketing department produces focused mails to distribute The LEGO Houses activities, offers and news. The customers’ data are provided by the customer him/herself, within the different interaction of the individual and the The LEGO Group and The LEGO House. For example, when a customer purchases a LEGO Star Wars box at the LEGO.com webshop and parallel the The LEGO House has a new Star Wars event at the experience centre the customer will get a mail about that. To illustrate it there is developed a figure xx – marketing campaign An example will be like The LEGO House will make a marketing campaign. Target could then be parents their have boys 5-7-year-old who love LEGO Star Wars, used much time at the LEGO Star Wars Zone in The LEGO House and have played a lot of LEGO Star Wars online games. The figure below shows the example parallel with the steps in the MS. figure xx – marketing...
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...L. Sharma c a Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani 333031, India Institute of Automation Techniques, University of Bremen, D-28359, Bremen, Germany c Institute of Instrumentation, D.A. University, Khandwa Road, Indore 452017, India Received 16 March 2001; accepted 25 June 2001 Abstract An experimental dryer was developed for determining the kinetics of black tea drying. Drying characteristics of tea were examined using heated ambient air for the temperature range 80–120°C and air flow velocity range 0.25–0.65 m/s. The data of sample weight, dry- and wet-bulb temperatures and air velocity of the drying air were recorded continuously during each test. The drying data were then fitted to the different semi-theoretical models such as Lewis, Page, modified Page, two-term and Henderson and Pabis models, based on the ratios of the difference between the initial and final moisture contents and the equilibrium moisture content. The Lewis model gave better predictions than other models, and satisfactorily described the thin-layer drying characteristics of black tea particles. The effective diffusivity varied from 1:14 Â 10À11 to 2:98 Â 10À11 m2 /s over the temperature range. The temperature dependence of the diffusivity coefficient was described by the Arrhenius-type relationship. The activation energy for moisture diffusion was found to be 406.02 kJ/mol. Temperature and air velocity dependence on drying constant was described by the Arrheniustype and Power-type relationships...
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...Student-Nr. W11035726 Total words: 2790 1. A good acquisition program helps the acquirer to identify a target partner. An acquisition program should contain a clearly defined core strategy, the goals of this activity, and a detailed risk management. The identification of the right company depends on the analysis of target market. Companies react when they recognize benefits in some certain markets. It is essential for an acquirer to analyse the market, is there any market in transition that could lead to any competitive advantages or any business capacities that could be useful (Chatterjee). Kraft has to consider which qualifications they seek in the business partner and which one complementary or expand their capacities. (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger, 2008) An analysis of the macro environment of Kraft shows that they have the opportunity to become the world’s largest confectionery. This market prospect allows Kraft to minimize the threats of competitors. It is a strategy to eliminate or to minimize competitors. (Chatterjee) In food and drink manufacturing, the technology is relatively mature. The global food market shows oligopolistic structures and the competition is intense. As a result of that, the market growth almost remains static. (Ramsay, 2000) In addition, different national tastes and preferences may cause also restrictions for international expansion. (Kapferer, 1997; Yip, 1992). A lot of companies consider acquisitions as essential strategies...
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...Anxiety and components. According to Onions (1996), the term anxiety is derived from the Latin word angere, meaning to choke. In sports psychology, anxiety is defined as an unpleasant emotion which is characterised by vague but persistent feelings of apprehension and dread (Cashmore, 2008). Most psychologists regard anxiety as a multidimensional constract with at least 3 components: cognitive, somatic (i.e. physical) and behavioural (Gould et al., 2002). First, cognitive anxiety involves worrying or having negative expectations about some impending situation or performance and engaging in task-irrelevant thinking as a consequence.Dunn (1999), discovered four main themes in their analysis of cognitive anxiety in ice-hockey players. These themes were a fear of performance, failure, apprehension about negative evaluation by others, concerns about physical injury or danger, and unspecified fear of the unknown. The second component of the construct of anxiety involves somatic or bodily processes. Somatic anxiety refers to the physical manifestation of anxiety and may be defined as “one’s perception of the physiological-affective elements of the anxiety experience, that is, indications of autonomic arousal and unpleasant feeling states such as nervousness and tension” (Morris et al., 1981). In sport , this component of anxiety is apparent when an athlete is afflicted by such physical markers as neuroendocrine responses (e.g., secretion of cortisol- the “stress” hormone), increases...
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...London: Longman. Alexiadou, A.; Haegeman, L. and Stavrou, M. (2007). Noun Phrase in The Generative Perspective, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Algeo, J. (1971). "The voguish uses of non". American Speech. 46, 87-105. Allerton, D. J. (2002). Stretched Verb Constructions in English, London and New York: Routledge. Anderson, S. R. (1992). A-Morphous morphology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Anderwald, L. (2004). The Varieties of English Spoken in The Southeast of England: Morphology and Syntax, In: Kortmann, B.; Burridge, K.; Mesthrie, R.; Schnieder, E. W. and Upton, C. (2004). A Handbook of Varieties of English: A Multimedia Reference Tool, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Andrews, E. (1986). "A synchronic semantic analysis of de- and un- in American English", American Speech 61, 221–232. Aremo, B. (2005). " Nouns Illustrating Adjective-Noun Conversion in English", Asian EFL Journal 7 (1) 1-12. Aronoff, M. (1976) Word formation in generative grammar, Cambridge: (Mass.): MIT Press. Aronoff, M. and Fudeman, K. (2011) What is morphology?, Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Attarde, I. P. (2007). Encyclopedic Graded Grammar, Part1. www.lulu.com Aziz, Y. Y. (1989). A Contrastive Grammar of English and Arabic, Mosul: Mosul University Press. Bache, C. and Davidsen-Nielsen, N. (1997). Mastering English: an advanced grammar for non-native and native speakers, Berlin: Mouton de...
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...CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND Just twenty years ago, the dismantling of Cold War division in Europe began with parliamentary changes in Poland (Bochniarz and Cohen 2006). These changes initiated a domino effect in transformation of other Central and Eastern European countries (CEE); the transformation of Romania, East Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria was soon followed by sweeping changes in Russia and Central Asia, affecting more than 400 million people (Chandler 2000). Needless to say, however, the transformation of Central and Eastern Europe near the climax of the 80s took the European Community (EC) by surprise. In the pre1989 era, the EC exercised only a limited relationship with CEE countries and showed no serious interest for a European project of political and economic integration that would include any of the CEE states. According to Gower (1999), this inability to foresee the potential of the CEE region strongly reflects the ineffectiveness in the EC policies. Shortly after transition to democracy, ten CEE states (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) declared their utmost desire to join the “family of Europe” (Andonova 2004). As the idea of EU membership for these newly independent democracies in Central and Eastern Europe started to gain some serious ground in the early 90s, the debate over enlargement and its economic, social and The first chapter is like a long foreword...
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...Data Mining Jenna Walker Dr. Emmanuel Nyeanchi Information Systems Decision Making May 30, 2012 Abstract Businesses are utilizing techniques such as data mining to create a competitive advantage customer loyalty. Data mining allows business to analyze customer information, such as demographics and purchase history for a better understanding of what the customers need and what they will respond to. Data mining currently takes place in several industries, and will only become even more widespread as the benefits are endless. The purpose of this paper is to gain research and examine data mining, its benefits to businesses, and issues or concerns it will need to overcome. Real world case studies of how data mining is used will also be presented for a deeper understanding. This study will show that despite its disadvantages, data mining is an important step for a business to better understand its customers, and is the future of business marking and operational planning. Tools and Benefits of data mining Before examining the benefits of data mining, it is important to understand what data mining is exactly. Data mining is defined as “a process that uses statistical, mathematical, artificial intelligence, and machine-learning techniques to extract and identify useful information and subsequent knowledge from large databases, including data warehouses” (Turban & Volonino, 2011). The information identified using data mining includes patterns indicating trends...
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...Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Mission Statement 3 A. Product Support of Mission Statement 3 B. Marketing 3 Target Market 3 Market Objectives 3 Competitive Situation Analysis 4 Consumer Product Classification 4 Analysis of Competition using Porter’s 5 Forces Model 4 C. SWOT Analysis 6 Strengths 6 Weaknesses 6 Opportunities 6 Threats 6 Marketing Strategies 6 Product Strategies 6 Price Strategies 6 Place Strategies 6 Promotion Strategies 7 Tactics and Action Plan 7 Product Action Plan 7 Price Action Plan 7 Place Action Plan 7 Promotion Action Plan 7 Monitoring Procedures 7 Introduction The appliance chosen can best be called a food processor plus. It works with the same concept as a food processor, but allows you to manipulate consistency of resulting food. Most food processors either are not powerful enough to chop items like celery and onions into diced size, or if they are, the food ends up like mush, sometimes too thick to spin the blades. Not so, our new product. You can definitively specify the size of the pieces that result, so you can end up with 1 cm x 1 cm cubes of celery for use in tuna or macaroni salad, or you could puree items to use in soup, or mash foods, such as bananas, to feed to an infant. Our unique appliance has an electronic laser sensor to determine consistency of food to yield your precise desired outcome. This laser sensor will direct the blades to work from three different locations (one on the...
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...5 Introduction- 5 Background and overview: 6 Scope of the dissertation: 7 Research questions: 8 The aim and the research tasks: 9 Structure of dissertation 10 Chapter-2 11 Literature review: 11 1. Theories on Corporate Social Responsibility: 11 2. Motivation behind Corporate Social Responsibility: 13 3. Financial performance as motivation: 14 4. Relation between CSR and Financial Performances: 16 Theories on CSR: 19 Instrumental theories: 19 Political theories: 19 Integrative theories: 20 Ethical theories: 20 Measurement of Financial Performances: 22 Chapter-3 22 Research Methodology: 22 Introduction 22 Research model and approach 25 Research collection 29 Process of data analysis 33 Chapter-4 34 Analysis 34 Survey questions 34 Focus group discussion 42 Chapter-5 43 Result and findings 43 Implications for practitioners 44 Implications for future research 45 Chapter-6 45 Recommendations and conclusions 45 Appendix-1 49 Questionnaire- 49 Interview questions- 51 Bibliography 52 Abstract- In today’s business world the word, “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) is more than a buzzword to the stakeholders. The concept of CSR is evolving in the business world from decades; however, the actual meaning with its impact is yet to be achieved. The emergence of Corporate Social responsibility in the business shows a new era of business, in this uncertain world. However, in this research report we only concentrate...
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