...Homeownership at the time, and even today determines many factors for a family: what kind of school you went to, economic stability, opportunities, and more. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) was a government agency created in 1934 authorized by the National Housing Act of 1934 to regulate interest rates and mortgages after the housing market was hit during the Great Depression. As the Federal Housing Administration created requirements for the mortgage, buyer, and property, this led to racial segregation and “urban disinvestment” within neighborhoods across the U.S. Since the Supreme Court ruled in 1917 that “racial zoning” was illegal private companies began to find loopholes to get past these laws, a common tactic used was redlining....
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...One line, two line, red line, blue line. Redlining was a policy of denying mortgages or other financial loans to people who lived in certain zones of a city, these were often people or color or really poor. The name redlining comes from the fact the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation created a map of the US that separated neighborhoods into colored zones. Blue and green were good and yellow and red were bad. As a result of this map, people who lived in the non-affluent zones were often arbitrarily denied mortgages. The start of redlining was in 1934, therefore the context of the situation was the second World and The Great Depression. While discriminatory loan practices existed long before redlining, this policy was the one to systematically put colored or poor people at a disadvantage and therefore lead to decaying urban areas. Redling began with the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) with their map of US neighborhoods in colors of blue, green, yellow, and red. Sorted from most affluent to least. While HOLC’s intention of wanting to stabilize the US house market was not all bad in theory, the use of disadvantaged people to serve as a stabilizer was. Chicago during the second World War had conditions that were much less than ideal; there was some lack of consumer goods as the whole city became a factory for weaponry. Amidst all this...
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...Have you ever heard of Redlining? It’s something that many are unaware of, yet it explains why America looks the way it does now. Redlining, which began in 1934, was the drawing of colored lines on city maps. Each color denoted a different concentration of blacks, with red being the highest, and thus having the most risk. Banks would review these maps to determine who should receive loans. This led to banks to “limit the risks in an area that is deteriorating (abstract space). The lender discriminates against a whole class of risks rather than distinguishing among individual risks” (Aalbers 1065). By doing this, the government and banks were essentially supporting segregation by telling homeowners that their homes were worth less if they had...
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...However, one government practice that left many people of color stuck in the ‘ghettos' is redlining. Redlining is the practice of racial segregation that left minority families with fewer, bad quality resources. This practice did not only affect jobs and education, but it prevented children with disabilities such as Autism, to access the resources they need, to improve their life condition. Unlike Estela, who received the services on time through her research and devotion to helping her child, many minority families who have children with developmental disability disorders are often unaware of the resources available, or they have unlimited access to desirable resources. In minority communities where there is a high concentration of low-income Latinos and African Americans, public services such as health and education provide poor assistance...
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...pieces of legislation and their significance • The Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibits the discrimination in voting and registration. This was the single most important thing to happen to voting rights since 1870. The Voting Rights Act had a huge impact on black participation. The next presidential election showed a higher percent of blacks voting in the south. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 states that a building owner cannot refuse to sell or rent homes because of an individual’s race, religion, ethnicity, or sex. Before the Civil Rights Act of 1968 was passed, many banks contributed to housing segregation by redlining mortgages. This was the practice of denying home loans to certain neighborhoods, typically those neighborhoods with a large amount of black population. Although redlining is not allowed under the Civil Rights Act, many of those segregated neighborhoods still exist today. ...
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... affirmative action, redlining, double jeopardy, institutional discrimination, reverse discrimination, and glass ceilings and it is sad to say that some of these practices still continue today. Hispanic groups both colonized and immigrated to the United States. Over half of the current United States was explored during the 1500’s by Hispanics. This is how the colonizing began in southwestern region from Alabama to California. The immigration to the United States is still underway as more and more Hispanics cross the United States and Mexican border every day both legally and illegally. They do this in search of a new life however, they are met with racism, prejudice, segregation and discrimination that they didn’t expect once here in the United States. One of the biggest areas of discrimination is in the job market. Hispanics are finding that there is a dual labor market. This is where they work traditional jobs at a lower wage because they are considered uneducated or undertrained. Thus helping employers save money by not having to pay benefits to the Hispanic workers. Because Hispanics are taking the lower paying jobs there is a condition call redlining that also occurs. That is where lenders will discriminate against people trying to purchase home. This is where they will push minorities into purchase homes in racially changing neighborhoods. Lender would state that they don’t have the money to lend to Hispanics in traditional white neighborhoods, although this practice...
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...Social mobility is an important feature of our society, because the “American Dream” is the cornerstone of our national ethos. However, people at the bottom are finding it increasingly difficult to move up the ladder, because doing so requires an investment of time, effort and resources of which they don’t have. Education has been celebrated as the pathway to become successful and move forward, because it is available to everyone regardless of who they are. Yet, education may still not be a viable way of moving up, because of the poor quality of schools in low-income neighborhoods. Consequently, many argue that in order to tackle educational inequality we must address family SES (socioeconomic status), because it’s the most significant factor in educational attainment. However, I posit that the more effective approach to solving this issue is to pursue policies directed towards to...
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...over the past several decades, the United States has experienced significant growth in ethnic and racial diversity. However, racial minority groups like the Hispanics; “the largest and fastest growing population in the United States, continue to struggle for full acceptance and equal opportunity” (Louie, 2005, Para 1). The migration of Hispanic groups such as the Puerto Rican Americans was not readily accepted by the United States causing immediate social inequality. This social inequality caused segregation and forced the Puerto Rican Americans to work the lowest paying jobs and live in the poorest communities. This paper identifies factors that influence past and present discrimination trends that have lead to the segregation, racial redlining and stereotyping of the Hispanic American in the United States. The term Hispanic was established by the United States Government in the early 1970's, “in an attempt to identify a diverse group of people among the population with a connection to the Spanish language or culture” (U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany, 2008, Para 2). Although the term Hispanic is automatically associated with Spanish speaking or Latin American ancestry, it is a term that very few people understand. Hispanics are often classified as having the same culture or belonging to the same ethnic background. In actuality, the Hispanic community is a mix of Racial Discrimination and Hispanics 3 sub-groups...
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...Jim Crow Laws- In U.S. history, statutes enacted by Southern states, beginning in the 1880’s, that legalized segregation between the blacks and whites. www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/jim-crow-laws.html W.E.B. DuBois- William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was an American civil rights activist, he was a leader, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, educator, historian, writer, editor, poet, and scholar. He became a naturalized citizen of Ghana in 1963 at the age of 95. http://www.naacp.org/pages/naacp-history-w.e.b.-dubois Booker T. Washington-Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856 – November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booker_T._Washington Malcom X- Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little and later also known as el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz, was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist.- https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=malcolm+x Civil Rights Act Of 1964- The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Pub.L. 88–352, 78 Stat. 241, enacted July 2, 1964) is a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964 Brown Vs Board Of Education- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case...
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...boundaries, harmful prejudices and induced limitations established by institutions and societies. As a result of these societal boundaries, harmful prejudice and induced limitations is a reason of why a large amount of segregation exists, or large amount of sole black neighborhoods or white neighborhoods. Overall, I would explain to my uncle that is hasn’t and in some instances not entirely up to individuals of where they live, it’s a matter of shortage of locations they can live....
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...Week 13 – Community Activism Chapter 4: Community Activism and Environmental Justice: The Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative (Layzer 2012, 83) Background (Layzer 2012, 85) * The downfall of urban areas in the nation began in the late 1800s due to improved transportation and cheaper construction techniques. * This process propelled after WWII along with the construction of a national highway system. * The Federal Housing Administration’ s insurance program, which made mortgages possible, leaned toward single family homes opposed to apartment complexes. * Beginning in the early 1950s and continuing into the 1970s, white Americans left the cities due to the migration of African Americans from the south and school desegregation efforts. * “Redlining” prevented minorities from moving into suburban areas by discriminatory public and private lending and insurance practices. * By the 1980s older cities had an increase in poverty, crime, and physical deterioration. * A prime example of this is the Dudley Street neighborhood. This area started out filled with wealthy Bostonians’ country estates. It was a thriving working class immigrant community. * During the 1950s suburbanization hit the neighborhood, shifting the population from predominantly white to mostly African American. * Businesses vanished: the number of private enterprises on Dudley Street fell from 129 in 1950 to 26 in 1980: on Blue Hill Avenue the dropped from...
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...Ethnic Groups and Discrimination Thomas J. Miller III ETH125 August 23, 2010 Maria Kithcart Ethnic Groups and Discrimination Most African Americans are descendants of Africans that were enslaved by Europeans and American slave traders. Slave markets used in Africa to sell prisoners of war by African states. The Europeans used these slave markets to exploit and expand the shipment of slaves to the New World or America. Some ancestors immigrated to the United States from the Caribbean. The first group of African slaves was brought to the United States in 1619 (Slavery, 2003). These slaves were labeled indentured servants, which are workers under contract to an employer in exchange for their lodging, food, and clothes. Most of the colonists used the Blacks on plantations because other groups did not want to work on them and the Blacks were easier to control. All colonies eventually legalized slavery passing laws that would keep the slaves and their children for life. During the Revolutionary War, slaves and free slaves were allowed to fight against the British. After the Americans, won their independence from British tyranny, the Declaration of Independence was signed July 4, 1776 (Slavery, 2003) declaring, “All men are created equal.” Many people in the northern states influenced by the Revolutionary War and began abolishing slavery in the North. The southern states wanted to keep slavery to fuel the South economy through the production from the cotton fields...
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...Historical Report on Race Latesha Hagger May 17, 2015 ETH/125 Dr. Welcher African Americans African Americans migrated to the United States between 1500s-1800s, but not of their own free will. They were brought here through the means of slavery. The South is the origin where slavery begins. Slavery stripped African Americans of all their rights and privileges. Slaves could not marry each other, legally buy or sell anything, and they were not allowed to own property these are just some of the harshness that slaves endured. Although, Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in 1863 when the Emancipation Proclamation was issued, slavery did not officially end until it became law in 1865. The Thirteenth Amendment was introduced to abolish slavery forever. African Americans are finally free citizen but were still not being treated as equals. They were treated as second class citizens by whites who believe they are the superior over blacks. Blacks were not allowed to vote in any elections. This injustice causes another amendment to be added to the Constitution. The Fifteenth Amendment ensures that individuals could not be barred from voting based on race or any other factor. Now that blacks are able to vote, they have elected some blacks into political offices. African Americans are still faced more adversity and injustice. According to Schaefer (2006) during the 19th century the term Jim Crow was very popular in the south. Jim Crow laws were meant to keep blacks in their subordinate...
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...Homework 1 What would be the key impacts of studying these problems on the community? There are many problems in my locality and or community that requires social scientific research. One of the biggest problems in my African diaspora community is the epidemic of skin bleaching. Considering this issue as an epidemic might sound extreme but when looking at the statistic of skin bleaching amongst the Africans and African diaspora, it has clearly become more than an individual’s preference or choice. Conducting a social scientific research will help to answer the question of why Africans are prone to skin bleaching, ways to inform the people about the effects of skin bleaching and skin bleaching recovery. Gentrification is another issue that requires social scientific research. This problem is evidence in almost all major cities. Due to race and economical statues, minorities are concentrated in areas that are the worst parts of the cities while the white majority live in the best parts of the cities. Researching this problem will bring to light the effect of gentrification on the minorities and also to those majorities who might be “innocent” to the issue. It would also force the government to do something about it on the polity level. culture appropriation should also be research because our society allows for a certain group to “borrow” the culture of another group that has been exploited without giving the credit where it’s due. culture appropriation happens...
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...meaning the food being purchased is overpriced or low quality. This tends to happen when supermarkets are located outside of the neighborhoods that utilize SNAP, and in place of that supermarket is a smaller store or convenience store (Chavez, 2013; Rigsby et al, 2012). Research has shown that there is a gap in relation to the standard USDA limited defining of food deserts and the reality of food deserts. Food deserts are not exclusively located in rural areas. They should include inner-city neighborhoods that might have food available, but that food is not necessarily up to standard or convenient to access or affordable. This currently is an especially important issue for the governing organizations of SNAP with the recent push for nutrition being added to the program. Rigby et al are the first to identify and examine the link between food deserts and SNAP participants, effectively calling for further inquiry to be had into...
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