...disenfranchise black people, both male and female. Although black men outnumbered black women in the system, black women were uniquely affected in ways that both belittled and warped their identities as both black and female. In the convict lease system, white women were exempt from system while black women were not, black women endured the paradox of assuming traditional female roles while being regarded as not female, and black women were portrayed as sexual fiends but received unwanted sexual abuse from their prison guards. For white people, the term “black woman” was a “oxymoronic statement” in that the term “black” negated the term “woman.” This view can best be scene in the judicial dealings of the white Martha Gault and the black Eliza Cobb. Cobb, who was arrested and convicted under circumstantial evidence of infanticide, was painted as idiotic and monstrous by those arguing in for her pardonment. On the other hand, Gault was charged with intent to murder and theft of an automobile with “damning judicial commentary,” but, based on her apparent femininity, the judge conceded “she...
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...Common Literary Techniques 1. Imagery: It is the use of figurative language to create visual representations of actions, objects and ideas in our mind in such a way that they appeal to our physical senses. For example: * The room was dark and gloomy. -The words “dark” and “gloomy” are visual images. * The river was roaring in the mountains. – The word “roaring” appeals to our sense of hearing. 2. Simile and Metaphor: Both compare two distinct objects and draws similarity between them. The difference is that Simile uses “as” or “like” and Metaphor does not. For example: * “My love is like a red red rose” (Simile) * He is an old fox very cunning. (Metaphor) 3. Hyperbole: It is deliberate exaggeration of actions and ideas for the sake of emphasis. For example: * Your bag weighs a ton! * I have got a million issues to look after! 4. Personification: It gives a thing, an idea or an animal human qualities. For example: * The flowers are dancing beside the lake. * Have you see my new car? She is a real beauty! 5. Alliteration: It refers to the same consonant sounds in words coming together. For example: * Better butter always makes the batter better. * She sells seashells at seashore. 6. Allegory: It is a literary technique in which an abstract idea is given a form of characters, actions or events. For example: * “Animal Farm”, written by George Orwell, is an example allegory using the actions of animals on a farm to represent the overthrow of the last...
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...Buddha's meditation. The artwork is also applicable to the remainder of Drury and Voigt's quote: the artwork's theme is "sacred" to those of the faith, and the sacred paradox "of being and becoming" at the "very heart of Creation" is showcased in...
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...White is Invisible To comprehend the historical backdrop of the belief system of "race," and battling prejudice today, includes understanding "whiteness" as the establishment of racial categories and why being white is superior. Whiteness is invisible on the grounds that whites are expected "not to have race". Being white would be regular and discussing "race" would mean discussing every one of the general population who are not white. The invisibility of whiteness is seen as a racial position of dominance. Western representation expresses that whites are overwhelmly and excessively transcendent, have the centra expounded parts, and above all are seen as the standard. Since they are the standard, they appear not to be spoken to themselves...
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...Saona Bhattacharya (12) Shobhit Mishra (36) Introduction In decision theory and economics, ambiguity aversion (also known as uncertainty aversion) describes a preference for known risks over unknown risks. An ambiguity averse individual would rather choose an alternative where the probability distribution of the outcomes is known over one where the probabilities are unknown. This behavior was first introduced through the Ellsberg paradox (people prefer to bet on the outcome of an urn with 50 red and 50 blue balls to on one with 100 total balls but for which the number of blue or red balls is unknown). There are a number of choices involving uncertainty and normally they can be classified in two categories: risky and ambiguous events. Risky events have a certain probability distribution over outcome while ambiguous events have some uncertainty over said probability distribution. The reaction is behavioral and still being formalized. Ambiguity aversion can be used to explain incomplete contracts, volatility in stock markets, and selective abstention in elections (Ghirardato & Marinacci, 2001) The distinction between ambiguity aversion and risk aversion is important but subtle. Risk aversion comes from a situation where a probability can be assigned to each possible outcome of a situation and it is defined by the preference between a risky alternative and its expected value. Ambiguity aversion applies...
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...The Cost of “Free” Will in Oedipus Rex (the King) Perhaps the Greek playwright Sophocles never had the concept of “free will” in mind when writing Oedipus Rex, but the play does allow for that interesting paradox we know today as free will. The paradox is: if Oedipus is told by the gods' oracles that he will kill his father and marry his mother, does he have any power to avoid this fate? That's a basic free will question. If Oedipus manages to avoid killing his father and marrying his mother, he will prove the gods wrong, and the oracle prediction turns out to be no prediction at all. How free can we truly be if created by an all knowing being? If God knows, even at the moment before our births, that we are already destined to ascend to Heaven or burn in Hell, can we move through life making truly free decisions? Or are we always to be viewed as puppets of destiny? Was Adam to be blamed for the fall? Or was that actually God's plan? So what is this idea of "original sin?" Shouldn't we celebrate Adam as a hero for freeing man from the state of unawareness that he lived in until he consumed the sacred pomegranate? Recall that the very first line following Adam and Eve's sin is "And they saw that they were naked." This nakedness is not so much of the body (though early Christians loved to view it that way), but rather a sense of viewing, as Joseph Campbell puts it, "duality," the basic difference between man and woman, right and wrong, and, ultimately, man...
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...B-theorists, agrees with the claim that the A-series is not real and that the experience of events being in the past, present and future is only an appearance, but B-theorists disagree with the second part of McTaggart’s argument and claim that the B-series perfectly describes time. In other words, events possess a temporal order in relation to one another but the description of events as being past, present, and future is only an illusion, a result of the way we perceive and experience those events. In this view, the A-series is an inaccurate way to refer to the B-series. The opposing clan embraces the claim that time cannot exist without the A-series because change is essential to time, but denies the affirmation that there is a contradiction within the A-series. Supporters of the A Theory emphasize the importance of “Taking Tense Seriously”. An event is not past, present, and future at the same time. It was future, is present and will be past. Tense makes a big difference in this context and solves the issue of contradiction that McTaggart laid down, according to...
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...is a fictional story written by Colson Whitehead in 2008. It is a short story about African- American teenagers and its setting is in Sag Harbor, in 1985. The story begins with a question, “When did you get out?” The opening question emphasizes the title of the story on a particular notion to the reader. In the fictional story, the gangster, Benji and Reggie are twin brothers of ten months apart. They grew up together inseparably in every aspect. It was common for them to be seen together and when they were not, people always question them on where the other is. High school and puberty brought the difference between them physically. They would be seen away from each other severally, and they even looked different physically with Benji being skinny while Reggie looked chubby. Benji and Reggie are brought up in an upper middle class family, and their parents own a beach house in Sag harbor where they go to during the summers. In the summer of 1985, Benji was 15 years old, and Reggie was 14 years old. During the summer when the whole family left for their beach house, the boys would be left alone for some time when their parents went back to the city to work during the weekdays. Benji and Reggie are described, in the story, as Siamese twins when they were young, describing their inseparable nature. This is clearly brought out by the language used as quoted “Where is the surgeon, who is gifted enough to separate these conjoined twins? Paging Doctor Puberty, with arms scrubbed...
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...Chris Bangham November 17th, 2008 Anthony Donaldson Alabama History The George Wallace Paradox George Wallace lost his first gubernatorial election for his lack of a strong stance against desegregation. He would not make that mistake in his next election. His sense of appealing to the majority and his beliefs in the status quo of segregation drove his beliefs until the status quo changed. Desegregation came and people accepted it and his sense of appealing to the majority caused his own view to change. His changes would present questions of his motives of the past and present and also would present two contradictory images of a George Wallace. George Wallace was the absolute image of segregation to a decrepit man who seemed unapologetic, apologetic, and in denial about his own past. In 1958, George Wallace was a Judge with a strong opposition to civil rights and against federal involvement with state matters regarding such. His popularity drove him to seek the governorship of Alabama. He ran against a man named John Patterson in the Democratic Primary. Patterson, with the support of the Ku Klux Klan, defeated him. Wallace blamed the loss on his lack of being a strong segregationist. 1 Four years later, in 1962 he ran again and swept the Democratic primary and won the election with the lack of support for Republicans in Alabama at the time. During his inaugural address, in January 1963 he made the famous speech that would follow him for the rest of his life;...
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...the driven force that compels individuals to continue throughout this journey called life. In the short story titled, “A Worn Path”, the author Eudora Welty, creatively incorporates the use of theme and symbolism to effectively layout a storyline that depicts the path of life of an elderly black woman. In the short story, “A Worn Path”, the author uses symbolic language and theme to identify the conflicts, struggles, self-scarifies and determination that one must face throughout the journey of life. The use of this symbolic language allows the major themes of sacrificial love in the face of hardship and death to be easily identified throughout the story. ” A Worn Path” passes far beyond it’s time capsule and remarkable fusion a number of different elements which incorporate myths, legend, and religious undertones which provide the story with a universally understanding of life and the struggles and accomplishments individuals must face on this journey called life (Moberly, 2005). Throughout the short story, titled, “A Worn Path”, the author invokes language symbolism to create a storyline that captures the reader’s imagination and creates a simplistic approach to revealing the true paradox. In the booked titled, “Journey into Literature”, symbol is defined as something that has a literal identity, but also stands for something else-something that is widely understood and has been developed over a long period...
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...It seems to be that there are multiple different meanings that can be drawn from the question of “what is truth?” It also seems to be that no single take on that question can be deemed as indisputably correct. Whether in search of the meaning of “truth” or of the meaning of “Truth” the discussion will always boil down to there not being clear cut distinction or boundary between true and false. This last statement is applicable to the Liar’s Paradox, where the paradox analyzes the logic behind statements such as “this sentence is a lie;” the contentious point being to try and decipher whether it is true that the sentence is a lie and therefore the sentence is false, or whether the sentence’s being true means that the sentence lies about it itself being a lie and is, in fact, true. It seems less applicable to say that there is not a clear cut boundary between truth and falsehood, however, with such statements as “it is true that the Earth is round.” On the contrary, in this case it seems very clear cut that it is in fact true that the Earth is round. No one can argue otherwise without quickly being shown contradictory proof (barring any sort of infinite regress of truth in the epistemological sense, which is not a practical argument in this sense as that would only dispute that we cannot be aware of truth, not that truth exists or that it is able to be known). The point remains, however, that there are situations in which true and false are not easily discernible. What,...
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...Auguries of Innocence made allegory to this notion: "To see the world in a grain of sand, and to see heaven in a wild flower, old infinity in the palm of your hands, and eternity in an hour." The idea that everything in the world is subjective and the physical manifestations of matter are purely a construct of observation. The properties of certain immutable cosmic laws of the universe, physics and even mentality intertwine to depict a reality of literal imagination. The purpose of this thesis is to prove this very cogitation; the universe is most likely intangible and thus holographic by nature. Since, as human beings, our experience is totally confined to perception and it’s interpretation and due to many anomalous events and devices within the physical world; there lies credence in this theory. Anomalous objects such as black holes and their “informational paradox”, dark matter, atomic structure and even the manner of which the brain works all play a crucial role in supporting this outrageous, yet sensible idea. Keywords: quantum physics, reality, gravity, observation, perception Page 2 Information; the basis of the 21st century and the driving force behind mankind’s monumental bounds forward in technology. We presently live in an age where information can be shared seamlessly and instantly between areas that are very distant. The World Wide Web can serve as a crude hyperbole of the universe as a whole; the power of the internet and its...
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... For scholars studying the lives of blacks in Louisiana, they have relied on a wealth of information from numerous sources from which they could accurately depict the lives of the gens de couleur libres or free people of color in New Orleans. One of the critical sources that informed such works was the Code Noir of 1724. In this document, only two provisions applied to the free people of color, the divisions between being enslaved and free, and black and white. For free black women in Louisiana, power was something they became accustomed to in ways the enslaved black women could not. One of the...
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...Case Study Report ‘The Delicate Quest for Corporate Environmental Sustainability’ Learning Development © 2012 Adapted from original student work by permission CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARYiii 1. INTRODUCTION1 2. THE DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORK AT GREENHEART1 2a. A Sociological Perspective2 2b. The Phenomenon of Conformity3 3. THE DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORK AT GREENHEART PLUS3 3a. A Sociological Perspective4 3b. The Phenomenon of Paradox5 4. CONCLUSION5 5. RECOMMENDATIONS6 REFERENCE LIST8 Executive Summary This report employs a sociological perspective to analyse the decision-making framework of the food company Greenheart, and its subsequent entity, Greenheart Plus. At Greenheart, decisions were made essentially by one individual, whose rationality was, naturally, bounded. His decision to create an environmental investment fund and to initiate other environmentally responsible production methods ultimately threatened the economic viability of the company. From a sociological perspective, the CEO’s authoritative decision-making meant that the employees were not committed to the decisions, and therefore the decisions were not implemented successfully. The subsidiaries of the company did not share the environment objectives, and this also resulted in ineffective implementation of the objectives. A lack of conformity among employees meant a lack of co-operation in achieving the objectives. This changed with the takeover in...
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...Black Odyssey: The Ordeal of Slavery in America: Review In this short work Professor Huggins explores the position and achievement of black slaves in American society, with its dream of 'life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness', from which they were excluded, except as necessary instruments. Wisely, instead of cramming a narrative of 250 years of complex social and economic history into 242 pages of text, he uses his talents as an established historian of black American culture to offer the general, rather than the academic, reader an admirable blend of the higher generalization and the higher popularization. Professor Huggins draws on recent work on the slave family and on black initiatives within the structure of slave society, as well as on the black American historiographical tradition of examining and celebrating what, in the title of a famous work, W. E. B. Du Bois called 'The Souls of Black Folk'. There are also echoes in this journal of a concept that stretches back into the nineteenth century, and whose most distinguished advocate was the great Liberian scholar and proto-Pan-Africanist E. W. Blyden. This is the belief that black people have unique spiritual and artistic talents, through which they can redeem not only themselves, but also the materialistically successful but spiritually deprived white peoples. While avoiding the racial basis of Blyden's thought, Professor Huggins seems to incline to this view. He portrays a world of black slaves who were not merely...
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