...www.iop.org/journals/physed The physics of Colonel Kittinger’s longest lonely leap A W Robinson1,3 and C G Patrick2 Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada 2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada E-mail: andrew.robinson@usask.ca 1 Abstract We present a case study of the physical principles necessary to model the high altitude parachute jump made by Colonel Joseph Kittinger, USAF, in 1960, in order to determine the maximum speed attained and to calculate whether this speed was sufficient to exceed the speed of sound at that altitude. There is considerable discrepancy in the value of the maximum speed attained— 614 miles per hour (mph) or 714 mph—in material available over the internet. Using a very simple physical model we are able to conclude that the lower figure is correct and that it is likely that Colonel Kittinger did not ‘break the sound barrier’ during his descent. The wealth of audio-visual material and animations available makes this a particularly attractive case study to instruct students in elementary kinematics, approximation and physical modelling. Introduction On 16 August 1960, Captain (later Colonel) Joseph Kittinger, USAF, jumped from the helium filled balloon Excelsior III, at an altitude of 31 600 m (102 800 ft). His parachute jump remains the highest altitude jump ever made, and the balloon ascent...
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...The Physics of Basketball Basketball isn't as easy as people depict it to be. Basketball physics is fairly irrelevant. Most people who study the physics of basketball get deep into the art of shooting, passing, and dribbling instead of actually playing the sport. There are many aspects to the physics of basketball. I have five aspects I would like to discuss. The shot, shooting a free throw, the spin, dribbling, and passing. First I would like to talk about the game of basketball all around. Basketball was created James Naismith in 1891. Basketball is a team sport that requires two teams of five players that try to score by shooting a round ball through a hoop ten feet high. The game is played on a rectangular-shaped floor, this floor...
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...The Physics Of Dance Starting in the extensive courts of the Italian Renaissance in the 1400s, it formed into a work of art amid the seventeenth century in France under the rule of Louis XIV. Be that as it may, the rich arabesques, elating stupendous jetés, and enthusiastic fouettés en tournant of artful dance that we know today became out of the Romanticism of the late 1800s, when ballet performers depicted pixie like animals and just about appeared to be equipped for gliding noticeable all around. Have you ever thought about how an artist can appear to challenge gravity while your own particular feet are so immovably planted on the ground? How about we investigate gravity and find the insider facts behind some of these delightful developments....
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...quantum mechanics in 1925 and for asserting the uncertainty principle in 1926, although he also made important contributions to nuclear physics, quantum field theory and particle physics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 “for the creation of quantum mechanics". From 1924 to 1927, Heisenberg lectured at the University of Göttingen, and conducted research with Niels Bohr at the University of Copenhagen. It was during this time that the young Heisenberg developed the “matrix mechanics” formulation of quantum mechanics (in collaboration with Max Born and Pascual Jordan). Matrix mechanics was the first complete and correct definition of quantum mechanics, and it extended the Bohr model of atoms by describing how the quantum jumps occur and by interpreting the physical properties of particles as matrices that evolve over time. In 1939, Heisenberg travelled to the United States to visit Samuel Abraham Goudsmit at the University of Michigan, but refused an invitation to emigrate to the United States. Back in Germany, in 1939, shortly after the discovery of nuclear fission, Heisenberg became one of the principal scientists leading research and development in the German nuclear energy project, known as the “Uranium Club”, and he travelled to German-occupied Copenhagen in 1941 to lecture and discuss nuclear research and theoretical physics with Niels Bohr. In 1942, he was asked by the Nazi administration to direct the Uranium Club's research more toward developing nuclear...
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...The Physics of Volleyball Forces, acceleration, gravity, projectile motion, and many other such things make volleyball the game that it is. Volleyball is a sport that includes many aspects of Physics some of these are very basic concepts while others are more advanced. Better understanding of these concepts could improve a player’s game. Physics explains and elucidates the basic fundamentals of volleyball and why one should perform them in such a way. Displacement is one of the basic concepts of Volleyball that need be understood for the reason that it is needed to understand later concepts. There are six players on the court and each one has a designated position. For example there are; left-side hitters, middle hitters, right-side hitters, and the same pattern follows for the defensive players. However, because there is a set rotation, a player will not always begin in their set position and they have to move to that place. This is called displacement. Displacement is defined as the change in position of an object ad can be either positive or negative depending on the starting point and the direction. The equation to represent displacement is d=d2-d1.D is the total movement between positions. The first floor position would be d1 and the second would be d2. Beyond the fact that players have frequent displacement, the ball itself has displacement. In fact this happens constantly as it moves from one player to another and from one side...
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...What is a Projectile? In Unit 1 of the Physics Classroom Tutorial, we learned a variety of means to describe the 1-dimensional motion of objects. In Unit 2 of the Physics Classroom Tutorial, we learned how Newton's laws help to explain the motion (and specifically, the changes in the state of motion) of objects that are either at rest or moving in 1-dimension. Now in this unit we will apply both kinematic principles and Newton's laws of motion to understand and explain the motion of objects moving in two dimensions. The most common example of an object that is moving in two dimensions is a projectile. Thus, Lesson 2 of this unit is devoted to understanding the motion of projectiles. A projectile is an object upon which the only force acting is gravity. There are a variety of examples of projectiles. An object dropped from rest is a projectile (provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible). An object that is thrown vertically upward is also a projectile (provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible). And an object which is thrown upward at an angle to the horizontal is also a projectile (provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible). A projectile is any object that once projected or dropped continues in motion by its own inertia and is influenced only by the downward force of gravity. By definition, a projectile has a single force that acts upon it - the force of gravity. If there were any other force acting upon an object, then...
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...Universe From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Universe (disambiguation). Part of a series on Physical cosmology • • • • Early universe[show] Expanding universe[show] Structure formation[show] Future of universe[show] Components[show] History[show] Experiments[show] Scientists[show] Social impact[show] Universe Big Bang Age of the universe Chronology of the universe • • Astronomy portal Category: Physical cosmology • • • V T E The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of existence,[1][2][3][4] including planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, the smallest subatomic particles, and all matter and energy.[5][6] Similar terms include the cosmos, the world, reality, and nature. The observable universe is about 46 billion light years in radius.[7] Scientific observation of the Universe has led to inferences of its earlier stages. These observations suggest that the Universe has been governed by the same physical laws and constants throughout most of its extent and history. The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model that describes the early development of the Universe, which is calculated to have begun13.798 ± 0.037 billion years ago.[8][9] Observations of supernovae have shown that the Universe is expanding at an accelerating rate.[10] There are many competing theories about the ultimate fate of the universe. Physicists remain unsure about what, if anything, preceded the Big Bang. Many...
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...ne hot sunny day at Six Flags over Georgia a little boy thought to himself, “how does the roller coaster go up so high?” A worker spots him and go over and asks “hey young man what are you thinking about?” The little boy smiles and asks “how does a roller coaster work?” I grin and say “Well young man you're in luck because today I'm doing a tour,and i will be talking about the physics of roller coasters. Do you want to join?” He jumps and gets excited, “ YES YES!” With that, i gather more kids and begin tour. This roller coaster is called the Loopdy Loop and it is one of the biggest roller coasters in the park. A roller coaster is a machine that uses gravity and inertia to send a train of cars along winding train. This combination of gravity and inertia, along with g-forces and centripetal acceleration give the body certain sensations as the coaster moves up, down, and around the track....
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...kinematics and used in the study of sports actions, such as the motion of throwing a baseball. Why do some golfers slice the ball? How can workers avoid developing low back pain? What cues can a physical education teacher provide to help students learn the underhand volleyball serve? Why do some elderly individuals tend to fall? We have all admired the fluid, graceful movements of highly skilled performers in various sports. We have also observed the awkward first steps of a young child, the slow progress of an injured person with a walking cast, and the hesitant, uneven gait of an elderly person using a cane. Virtually every activity class includes a student who seems to acquire new skills with utmost ease and a student who trips when executing a jump or misses the ball when attempting to catch, strike, or serve. What enables some individuals to execute complex movements so easily, while others appear to have difficulty with relatively simple movement skills? Although the answers to these questions may be rooted in physiological, psychological, or sociological issues, the problems identified are all biomechanical in nature. This book will provide a foundation for identifying, analyzing, and solving problems related to the biomechanics of human movement. Definition of Biomechanics The term biomechanics combines the prefix bio, meaning “life,” with the field of mechanics, which is the study of the actions of forces. The international community of scientists adopted the term biomechanics during...
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...take a glance of it and want to buy their products. Briefly Introduce the Visual Content of the Ads 1. This advertisement is a Nike advertisement in the old time. 2. It shows a famous basketball player, Michael Jordan, in the air about to most finish off a slam dunk. There are two lines of words in large size on the top right of the advertisement, showing “Michael Jordan: 1, Isaac Newton: 0” this shows that Michael Jordan is basically defying gravity by being that high up in the air. Thus, this goes against Newton’s law of Universal gravitation. 3. Below these two lines, there is a logo of Nike Company----a check mark. The whole design of this ad is very simple and clear. Rhetorical Analysis of the Ads: Ethos, Pathos and Logos. Ethos: 1. The use of ethos is clearly delineated by endorse Michael Jordan. 2. He is a world famous basketball star and has a good reputation. 3. He is wearing Nike shoes in the ad and Jumping that high in the air. His reputation makes audiences and consumers to believe the high quality of Nike shoes. 4. The Jordan ad carried a secondary effect that the capacity to relate to the consumer. We all know that Michael Jordan came from a poor family and went on to become the best in his sport, followed by fame and riches. That was an instant appeal for many consumers and that hidden message transcended across many races and cultures. Therefore Jordan’s reputation is successful ethos to promote Nike products to...
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...Medical Imaging is a vital part of today’s medical industry as technology and the understanding of nuclear medicine has been able further provide diagnosis for thousands of diseases and injuries. The beginning of medical imaging occurred in 1895 when the first ever x-ray was taken by German Physics Professor, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (Imaginis, 2008). Since then the expanded knowledge of the atomic nucleus and discovery of radioactive isotopes have expanded the ability enabling us to image soft tissue, inflammation, abnormal growths and circulation. The atomic nucleus is essentially the number of electrons, protons and neutrons within an atom which determines the characteristics of the element. Within the atom, strong nuclear forces hold the neutrons and protons inside the nucleus, preventing the atom from breaking apart which provides stability for the smaller elements, such as oxygen and carbon (J. Lucas, 2014). To produce stability for heavier elements, the ratio of neutrons to protons must increase as the repulsion forces between the protons increase. This increase in neutrons decreases the space between the protons and prevents the repulsion forces from overcoming the strong nuclear forces. Isotopes are identified by the varying number of neutrons within the nucleus (Khan, 2014)...
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...Project 1: Essay about the use of Physics on Sports. Date: 07/12/2015 Write an essay of 1500 words, giving credible references on the use of physics in a sport of your choice. Remember to follow the APA style and give at least two references. Physics in sport Looking coverage of the Olympic Games repairs itself in the physical characteristics of the athletes different modalities. Note, for example, that the marathon runners are usually slim runners, while the short-distance runners are usually well built. Also look how the gymnasts are small, and so on. Every sport favors and helps develop certain characteristics. Runners at distances as short as 100 and 200 meters need to develop enough leg muscles. You have to quickly getting evidence requiring physical effort and a lot of speed. Per Therefore, these athletes do a lot of weight and have a diet rich in proteins - found in the meat (red or white) and eggs, among others. Most of the energy of our body is a type of sugar called glucose, which is transported by the blood. In order the muscles to perform movements, they need power, which is produced from many chemical reactions in which the primary (but not sole) components are oxygen and glucose. This is the aerobic metabolism (which needs oxygen). However, athletes run short distances have developed an anaerobic metabolism, i.e., they are capable to produce energy quickly without having to wait for oxygen. To this end, the store muscles substances that help in this...
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...June, 1971. His father name was Errol Musk. Musk is an architect who is married with a couple of women named; Justin Musk an Talulah Riley and has five sons from both his wives. Musk is a business man and his businesses are spread in America and Canada. He is called as investor, engineer and inventor as well. He is an entrepreneur. Now a days he lives in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California, United States. He has the nationality of three countries, including South Africa, America and Canada. He did his primary education in the Waterkloof House School and high school classes in Pretoria Boys high school. He did his master degree from the University of California. He is known for his businesses such as Paypal, SolarCity, Tesla Motors and Hyperloop. His total worth is more than 12 billion dollars. Professional Background He got his tow bachelor degrees including Bachelor of Science in Economics and Bachelor of science in physics. He started his business in 1995 by opening a unofficial nightclub. Later on he started his business with his brother by investing 28000 dollars from his father’s property. This company name was Zip2. This firm developed very quickly because it was an internet city guide for the publishing company. Later on, he merged Zip2 with CitySearch. He later on acquired the whole company in 1999 for 307 million dollars. He became the Co founder of X.com in 1999. He started his Online financial service company by selling the Zip2 corporation. Later on, this merged...
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...irst some questions: What is time? In a physical sense? In psychological terms? What does time do? How does it work? Can it be transcended? Time in many ways is like space. In physics, time and space are woven together, like a fabric upon which all matter lies. At the limits, near the speed of light, movement in time is yoked to movement in space. As spatial speed increases, temporal speed slows. Recent quantum physics, in the area of non-local phenomena, suggests that both time and space are not as they appear on our scale of existence. It appears that particles, separated in both space and time, interact, in a simultaneous manner. Indeed, in one of the strangest experimental effects, the future may causally impact the past (the implications of that one will make your head spin). Distant particles are somehow connected, are somehow not distant. It is as if the space and time between did not really exist, nor the proposed distinction. Rather, these physicists (cf. Yakir Aharonov, Jeff Tollakson, and Menas Kafatos) suggest that perhaps there is an underlying singularity or unity to matter, across both time and space. Many spiritual traditions, philosophies, songs, and so on have suggested similar ideas: "We are one, heartache to heartache....love is a battlefield" Pat Benatar. Beyond funny ‘80's rocker references, such notions are at the heart of spiritual practices, across the various world traditions, even mainstream Christianity which proposes that God exists outside the...
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...SEMINAR ADMINISTRATION DEVELOPMENT 1 BUILDING SOCIAL BUSINES ‘D’ BY JULIUS KWAKU KATTAH STUDENT ID. NO. UD32228BEC40802 DOCTORATE IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HONOLULU, USA 09/07/14 ABTRACT The business strategy perspective argues that achieving competitive advantage hinges on pursing a coherent competitive strategy. Family businesses are also said to manifest a strong desire to develop enduring and committed social relationships with external stakeholders. This study examines the effect of business strategy on performance of family businesses and how their managerial social networking relationships with external entities moderate the business strategy–performance link. Using data from 54 family firms from Ghana, the findings indicate that: (1) the pursuit of the business strategies of cost leadership and differentiation create competitive advantage for family businesses; (2) social networking relationships with government bureaucratic officials and community leaders are beneficial to family businesses, but social networking relationships with political leaders is detrimental to family businesses; and (3) the benefit of business strategy to...
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