...Warfare has been slowly improving since its primitive beginnings as hunting parties and raids to the large scale tactical invasions of modern warfare. This transition into civilized warfare, the crossing of Turney-High’s military horizon, coincides with modernity for many societies. Improvements in warfare have often allowed for the development of new technologies that propel societies from primitivity to modernity. Warfare has become a major factor in determining a society’s advancement, making it an essential part of understanding a culture. In Homer’s Iliad, battles resemble modern warfare as soldiers fight in organized groups and in close proximity, yet they still rely heavily on arrows, along with primitive elements of ritualization and...
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...THE MANOBO TRIBE The Manobo are several people groups who inhabit the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. They speak one of the languages belonging to the Manobo language family. Their origins can be traced back to the early Malay peoples, who came from the surrounding islands of Southeast Asia. Today, their common cultural language and Malay heritage help to keep them connected. The Manobo cluster includes eight groups: the Cotabato Manobo, Agusan Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Matig Salug Manobo, Sarangani Manobo, Manobo of Western Bukidnon, Obo Manobo, and Tagabawa Manobo. Their populations range from less than 15,000 to more than 50,000. The groups are often connected by name with either political divisions or landforms. The Bukidnons, for example, are located in a province of the same name. The Agusans, who live near the Agusan River Valley, are named according to their location. The eight Manobo groups are all very similar, differing only in dialect and in some aspects of culture. The distinctions have resulted from their separation. The most common lifestyle of the Manobo is one of rural agriculture. Unfortunately, their farming methods are very primitive. For example, the Bukidnon grow maize and rice as their principal crops. Some of the farmers have incorporated plowing techniques, while others have continued to use the "slash-and-burn" method. The Cotabato use a farming system called kaingin. This is a procedure in which fields are allowed to remain fallow for...
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...Africa. A continent littered with natural resources, and primitive people that did not care about the Europeans taking the resources. But they did care about the Europeans taking their land and making them be with other people that they did not like. Also with the European wanting to change their ways of life. But in the end there was some good and bad things that came out of Imperialism in Africa. There were many other reasons these countries went to Africa. Such as: wanting to have a strategic place for military purposes, the population was growing in countries so there was more land for them to reside to, and finally nationalism was a really big part of the reason for them to colonize, and also the more land a country has the more powerful they are. The need for more raw materials was one of the main driving forces for European countries to go to Africa. European Countries wanted the materials for their machines. The industrial revolution was going strong and the need for more machines was high. So with the demand for machines and also for the chance to gain and get riches. With all of the diamond and gold in Africa it would make sense of people wanting to go and get it....
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...The economic sector can also outrun the military-political and socio-cultural interaction because of its flexibility and its required interaction capacity. The allocation and distribution of resources is the main activity of economics. Before the emergence of a formal institution, human society was already engaged in economic activities. Buzan states that the “Primitive economic systems may have preceded the rise of civilizations… ” Before the emergence of a tribal system, the human society was more primitive. During the early times, the primitive man has been engaged economic and political actions. The primitive level society, the hunter-gatherer, is egalitarian and nomadic in nature. The primitive man has shaped a society that is equal and no state dictates over them. Some Scholars see this as a “primitive communism.” Property was owned communally. The primitive man has no way of storing food, thus they tend to share what they hunt. This is the condition of the human society before the emergence of a tribal...
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...According to his work, individuals’s phycological structure is the one responsible for the way that society is organized (Freud, 1950; 2003; 2005; 2006). Instincts and individual’s constant struggle to control them, are the main components of every society. Freud focused his research on primitive tribes and their psychic life, which were assumed to be an early stage of our own development (Diamond, 1995; Freud, 1950; Ritvo, 1995). Through the comparison of the psychology of primitive human groups and the psychology of the neurotic, Freud referred to the way that humans interact and create rules within their communities (Freud, 1950; 2003; 2005; 2006). For example, he analyzed the rules that primitive tribes had in terms of incestuous sexual relations (Freud, 1950). His work revealed that, even primitive individuals, have a specific social...
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...Before you watch the filmTitle of Film: Ritualized warfare in New GuineaWhat do you think you will see in this film?This video might be about the practice of ancient warfare methods in New Guinea. Young men will fight each others tribes using basic weaponaryList three concepts or ideas that you might expect to see based on the title of the film. 1. Primitive warfare 2. Tribal conflict3. Basic weaponry List some people you might expect to see based on the title of the film. 1. Focused on Papua New Guineans 2. Young, strong men3. People in tribes | Before you watch the filmTitle of Film: WW1 combat in color 1914-1918What do you think you will see in this film?It will show clips from World War I, and how modern deadly weapons can cause a lot more destruction.List three concepts or ideas that you might expect to see based on the title of the film. 1. Industrial Revolution2. Trench war3. DeathList some people you might expect to see based on the title of the film. 1. Strong young men2. Armed men and some women3. Dead men | While you watch the filmWhat type of film is it? Documentary. | While you watch the filmWhat type of film is it? Documentary. | After you watch the filmWhat is the central message(s) of this film?To show the type of war they had in the past, prior to industrial revolution. They had basic weaponry, and fought the war at a much less destructive scale. Consider the effectiveness of the film in communicating its message. As a tool of communication, what are its strengths...
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...The amount of knowledge reserves determines your thinking, the level of knowledge determines how people view and understand the world. If a person has not received any education, he can only live in ignorance and confusion. When Europeans have conquered the storm and the oceans, established cities in the New World to spread civilization, the countries in West Africa are still in extreme backwardness and ignorance, the people of the primitive tribes fight each other and sell the prisoners of war to European settlers in exchange for trivial products. These tribes do not have the characteristics of any civilized society, people are ignorant and worship no systematic god. In the invasion of advanced civilization, they can only be at a disadvantage;...
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...defining religion, they focus on how members of society define religion, for example scientologists see themselves as a religion; however many see it as a cult. In this essay I will focus on functionalist definitions of religion, and look at how religion contributes to society and how a religion can unite a society with moral codes. During the 19th century and in to the early 20th century Durkheim studied primitive societies, he noted that in Australian aboriginal tribes they all identified with spiritual totem. Totemism is a religious belief that is normally featured in shamanistic religious, the Totem is normally of an animal, or another naturalist figure that is representative of a person, or more often a clan. Durkheim theorized that all human religious expression was intrinsically founded in the relationship to a group- this is a form of social solidarity. Malinowski studied the Trobrianders of New Guinea by using participant observation, he closely observed the daily activities of the group, and listened closely to local gossip that provided richer data from the tribe,...
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...The 10 Biggest Foodborne Illness Outbreaks of 2013 Chicken and fresh produce lead the pack BY JAMES ANDREWS | DECEMBER 27, 2013 Editor’s note: 2013 saw dozens of well-publicized foodborne illness outbreaks. While many of them were found to have sickened a handful of individuals, a few stood out as especially wide in scope. Food Safety News has compiled a list of 10 of the biggest U.S. outbreaks in 2013. Please note that the list excludes Norovirus outbreaks and only includes pathogenic outbreaks associated with grocery products or restaurants. Also note that the actual number of outbreak cases is typically much higher than the quoted number due to many victims typically falling ill but never being reported. 10. E. coli O157:H7 from Glass Onion chicken salads, 33 sick. Trader Joe’s customers in four states fell ill after eating one of two pre-made salad products from Glass Onion Catering: the Field Fresh Chopped Salad with Grilled Chicken or the Mexicali Salad with Chili Lime Chicken. At least seven people were hospitalized, with two developing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a kidney disease associated with severe E. coli infections. 9. Salmonella from Hacienda Don Villo in Channahon, IL, 35 sick. Health investigators traced 35 Salmonella illnesses back to this Mexican restaurant in Grundy County, but they could never pinpoint the exact food source. At least one person was hospitalized, and one employee was among those who tested positive for Salmonella. 8. E. coli...
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...What constitutes a society. Is it the individual within society or the society itself. In the Lord of the Flies by William Golding a spear represents the thin line between "modern" and primitive society. One part of this thin line between modernity and primitiveness is "Then he sneaked forward and raised his spear" (49) which represents what the boys have deemed worth gathering and hunting. While in modern society and "normal" society it isn't normal to gather weapons like spears or other things because hunting has been replaced by going to the store and buying preprocessed food. Another way the boys are different and have created their own society is who they emulate. In the boys' society and their minds it is the hunters who are worthy of glory because they bring in food and have power over all others while Ralph and Piggy are nothing but no fun . While in normal society people emulate everyone because people in positions of supposed power keep everyone else in line with them....
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...several critiques of O'Rourke's Cannibal Tours. Silverman argues that O’Rourke constructed a limited view of the New Guinea tribes. Silverman attributes the eroding ‘authenticity’ to the tourists’ pursuit for entertainment in exchange for money. For instance, O’Rourke’s interviews mostly covered reactions from tourists and how they gawked over the natives, arrogantly depicting their primitive lives. Silverman argues that the film “portrays tourism as a process that only disempowers local people and erodes from their lives all genuine, meaningful dimensions of their culture”(Silverman 1996). Tourism is much more than O’Rourke is presenting on the surface. In fact, Silverman suggests that its advantages go far deeper than monetary value, but attribute to growing, complex hybrid cultures. In Silverman’s opinion, “ Tourism is often a context in which local people exercise subtle forms of power and resistance, and artistically express novel hybrid concept of personal, ethnic, national, and transnational modern identities” (Silverman1996). Throughout O’Rourke’s film, the tourists, either through action or inaction, seem to be going against Silverman’s idea for tourism. For example, the local people are unable to exercise subtle forms of power; but instead, they experience disempowerment from the tourists’ unfair bargaining for already cheap, primitive art that expresses their ‘personal, ethnic, national, and transnational modern identities’. Silverman suggests that the impact...
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...Okonkwo situation. At the end of this beautiful story we see that Okonkwo kills himself because of the changes that have come to his people. Was it just to see someone hang himself because of this? Well let us see how this had come to be. Okonkwo feared most was failure just like his father; however in my humble opinion his father was not really a failure but more down to earth type of person with problems just like many people in modern day society. Owing people is the same as having a credit card with debt. For Okonkwo to show his manly hood, he takes a very big leap of faith in becoming a well respected man within his tribe which comes with great deal of responsibility. Again, in this case responsibility for Okonkwo is to keep up and maintain his wives and children with food and living space, and responsibility within his tribe is maintain security for his tribe as he was a great wrestler and makes a respectable warrior. To prove my point I quote, “He was a wealthy farmer and had two barns full of yams, and had just married his third wife. To crown it all he had taken two titles and had shown incredible prowess in two inter-tribal wars. And so although Okonkwo was...
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...Why Hijab? One of the many questions that I have been asked is why does Islam make hijab mandatory for women? Islam has introduced hijab as part of the decency and modesty in interaction between members of the opposite sex. Verse 59 of chapter 33 quoted previously gives a very good reason; it says, “This is more appropriate so that they may be known [as Muslim women] and thus not be harassed [or molested].” Men, whether they confess it or not, are slaves of lust and desire. • Hijab protects women from such men; it symbolizes that she has been sanctified to one man only and is off-limit to all others. • Hijab contributes to the stability and preservation of marriage and family by eliminating the chances of extramarital affairs. • Finally, it compels men to focus on the real personality of the woman and de-emphasizes her physical beauty. It puts the woman in control of strangers’ reaction to her. Commenting on the attire of women in North Africa and South East Asia, Germaine Greer, one of the pioneers of the women’s liberation movement, wrote: “Women who wear cortes or huipiles or saris or jellabas or salwar kameez or any other ample garments can swell and diminish inside them without embarrassment or discomfort. Women with shawls and veils can breastfeed anywhere without calling attention to themselves, while baby is protected from dust and flies. In most non-Western societies, the dress and ornaments of women celebrate the mothering function. Ours deny...
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...of wool begins long ago, when primitive man for the first time clothed himself in the woolly skins, of the sheep he killed for food. The sheep could be milked (and still is, in many parts of the world).However man soon understood that to kill the sheep for its meat alone was a waste of food and material. Man had realized when the sheep shed its fur the material could be spun and knitted into cloth. Then he became a shepherd with the help of his friend the dog- probably the only animal to be domesticated before the sheep- he soon developed a system for making clothing from the sheep. Man had found a heavy-duty fabric that would offer him protection from heat, cold, wind, and rain. A flexible cloth that could keep him cool in the heat of the day, also warm in the cold of the night. Man had realized that there is no other cloth that could match wool, there was no other material, natural or man-made, has all its potentials. But man learned he can improve wool by selective breeding of sheep and by combining the wool fabrics with such qualities as shrink resistance, mothproofing, shower-proofing and stain-proofing. Science and technology have kept wool in the lead of fabrics, adjusting to modern-day needs without damaging its virtues. Wool is a very big part of Britain's history, more so than any other product ever manufactured in these islands. It was knitted into cloth here in the Bronze Age which began about 1900 BC. Elsewhere in the world, primitive man had domesticated the sheep...
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...Phase 1 Individual Project – The Kwakiutl Indian Tribe Potlatch Ritual Michael Chargualaf HUMN250-1302B-03 Colorado Technical University Online The Kwakiutl Indian Tribe Potlatch Ritual In trying to understand the topic of a Kwakiutl chief burning his family’s possessions during a potlatch, one must research the background, history, and makeup of these people to determine the reason for this ritual. From a distant view of the topic, one would interpret this as an act of lunacy and pointless in every aspect. But with all irrational acts or behaviors, one must look deeper before making judgment. And even then, what may seem illogical to you based on your cultural beliefs may be typical for other cultural groups. The Kwakiutl Indians, located in the Vancouver Islands, live along the coast line. They comprise of a number of tribes and are subdivided into family lines called “numaym”. Numayn is believed by the tribe members as being descendants from a mystical ancestor. It is in this belief that seems to determine a tribe member’s social ranking within the tribe. Economically, the Kwakiutl, are considered to have an abundance of wealth in terms of food and other natural resources. With their close proximity to the ocean, it is naturally assumed that their main source of food comes from the sea and that they are a tribe of fishermen. While mostly true, they also specialize in woodworking and handcrafts such as making baskets, mats, and blankets. The Kwakiutls, however, spend...
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