...Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: The Pros and Cons of Section 703. The FISA Act was created to govern the gathering of foreign intelligence. In 1952, President Thurman established the National Security Agency within the department of defense. The NSA is the premiere signals intelligence agency. In the United States Intelligence Community, agency efforts are channeled through the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The American intelligence community works closely with foreign intelligence agencies, especially on SIGINT matters. The members of the Cold War era UKUSA Agreement (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States) also known as ‘Five Eyes’(FVEY), are partially close collaborators. In the 1950’s the Executive branch was largely in control and unchecked by the Legislative and Judicial branches on Foreign intelligence matters. Some surveillance policies were narrowed due to constitutional concerns. The authority for foreign intelligence was identified in the President’s inherent Article II of the Constitution powers and a key legal check on that authority was the Fourth Amendment. The fourth amendment as interpreted by...
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...Andrew Johnson was one of the worst to have ever served as President at the end of the American Civil War. Johnsons gross incompetence in federal office and his incredible miscalculation of the extent of public support for his policies, Johnson is judged as a great failure in making a satisfying and just peace to the United States. Andrew Johnson was known to have been a rigid, dictatorial racist who was unable to compromise or even attempt to accept a political reality at odds with his own ideas. Instead of forging a compromise between Radical Republicans and moderates, his actions united the opposition against him. His bullheaded opposition to the Freedmen's Bureau Bill, the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and the Fourteenth Amendment eliminated all hope of using presidential...
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...Cons of Gun Outlaw in the United States Sarah Chadwick, Maria Escalante, Aubrey Ballard, Jonathan Mcwilliams, Royal Delahoussaye, Andrew Urey, Stacon Boisse BCOM/275 February 12, 2013 Joseph Scott University of Phoenix Cons of Gun Outlaw in the United States I hate guns. Should an argument be made over a hate statement or should the right to bear arms hold to be as valuable as gold. The introduction of gun control laws can be an effective way to make the streets of America safe again but on the other hand this can also make law-abiding citizens become vulnerable for those whom have illegal possession of fire arms. Firearms, for the most part, are big business in the United States. Manufacturing firearms and ammunition have helped drive the economy for decades. The threat of banning some firearms has created the price of the AR15 assault riffle to sky rocket; so even the thought of not having a gun is big business. Fire arm sells increase with a bad economy because people feel they need protection from people becoming desperate (Thurman,R., 2009). Gun control is a sensitive subject in any country, in any neighborhood, or any civilized establishment. In America alone, about 80 million people representing half of the U.S. homes, own more than 223 million guns. And politically, 60% of Democrats and 30% of Republicans favor stronger gun owner laws (White, 2013). Gun rights are granted by the Second Amendment, which reads: “A well regulated Militia...
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...Reconstruction of the United states of America was a big failure and here are some reasons why. The government never had taken the biggest step and that was land redistribution. After the civil war slaves were left with no economic rights and basically became peasants to society and had no lives and couldn't live like they would of liked to. “Freeing slaves also led to crippling the land and the foundation of the south.” The reconstruction of the south lasted between the years of 1865 to 1877. Republican legislature failed to protect people who were once slaves from the white people that had been apart of the persecution committee. The supreme court eventually came to totally get rid of anti-progressive legislation to reverse the rights...
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...the Bill of Rights. The Americans used previous knowledge on the pros and cons of the Magna Carta to shape their own document which is known as The Bill of Rights. Despite the fact that the Bill Of Rights was based off of the Magna Carta and are similar, they are different documents,so...
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...Corporate Governance & Business Ethics Gun Control vs. Gun Violence The debate over gun control in the United States has been a topic of controversy over the years. In particular, the killing of twenty schoolchildren in Newtown, Connecticut. In December 2012 this mass shooting fueled a national discussion over gun laws. However, compromise legislation would have banned semiautomatic assault weapons and expanded background checks was defeated in the senate in 2013, despite extensive public support. Arguments for more restrictive gun laws http://gun.laws.com/gun-rights/gun-control-versus-gun-rights As society continues to diversify and human beings become more individualistic, we drift further apart from understanding each other. The gun control debate is not directly effected by this, but psychologically human beings fear what we don't understand. In a society with hundreds of cultures, differences and arguments can arise out of nothing. Words are one thing but the use of firearms is an entirely different topic. With less restrictive laws on purchasing and ownership a seemingly pointless feud could intensify into murder. Guns give a man power, with power inevitably comes abuse. There is a high rate of gun-related violence http://gun.laws.com/gun-rights/gun-control-versus-gun-rights The United States leads the world in gun violence and ownership. There is a direct correlation. This is perhaps the most obvious argument made in the gun control debate-guns...
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...Nick Wade Nov, 9, 2015 US History Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States. He was in office during the civil war and gained the likeness of most of the country. Lincoln was born in the backwoods of illinois. He grew up in poverty, but became a politician and came out of poverty. As president and commander-in-chief, he passed the 13th amendment and won the civil war. During his presidency, Lincoln was a successful leader because of his different traits that allowed him to be president and enjoyed by many Americans. This was demonstrated by his strategist, intelligent, good leadership and good decision maker personality. Mr. Lincoln was a great strategist, both in the office and fighting the war. Lincoln had the ability to learn on the job. Abraham was considered by many a great commander in chief and strategist because he thought long and hard about decisions, whether it be about the war or other decisions. Sometimes he even visited officers in the field(Smithsonian,1). The 16th president used a big...
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...Reforming the Federal Tax System On February 3, 2013 marked the 100th birthday of the 16th Amendment. The 16th Amendment paved the way for the creation of the federal income tax that continues to this day to have far reaching repercussions on the American tax payer. Before the ratification of the 16th Amendment, the birth of the federal income tax dates back to the Civil War. In order to finance the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln signed into law Revenue Act of 1861 on August 5, 1861. The Revenue Act consisted of a flat tax rate of 3% on income above $800 and 5% on individuals living outside of the United States. On July 1, 1861 United States Congress repealed the Revenue Act of 1861 and replaced it with the Revenue Act of 1862. The Revenue Act of 1862 introduced a progressive tax and established the Bureau of Internal Revenue. In 1872 Congress repealed the Revenue Act of 1862. One again elected officials tried to revive the federal income tax in 1894. However, in 1895 the federal income tax was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court because the tax was not apportioned according to the population of each state. In an address to Congress on June 16, 1909 President Howard Taft proposed that Congress consider a new amendment to the Constitution. “I recommend, then, first, the adoption of a joint resolution by two-thirds of both Houses, proposing to the States an amendment to the Constitution granting to the Federal Government the right to levy and collect an...
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...brought to the United States. As time passed the comprehension of the Constitution was changed to integrate minorities like African Americans, women, Asian Americans and others to have the same rights as White Americans. The world has changed dramatically and the U.S. has made history since the creation of the U.S. Constitution having added to it in order for the land of the free actually be the land of the free. The term “laws on the books” refers to the actual written laws passed through legislation being by state or federal and recorded in the codified law books. “Law in action” refers to how the law is actually interpreted, carried out, and applied in the courts. As far as it being fair in the justice system, well it has its pros and cons. It’s not fair when a person is singled out by police because he looks different or out of place. It’s not fair when a person gets a ticket when going to speed of traffic. It is fair that we do have police presence on our street enforcing the laws even though the law enforced may depend on the characteristics of those who enforce it or those against whom it is enforce (Meyer and Grant 2003). Our justice system is huge and well defined. The fact that the legal system can remain upbeat and on its own agreement is additional proof of its capability to develop and modify just like living...
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...economy up to 1947: * Low use of technology * Dependent on imports * Exporter or raw materials, mainly to England * Completely destroyed traditional industries * Nascent stages of development of a small group of capitalists Debate on type of economic system to be adopted: * Capitalist v/s socialist * Bombay plan of 1944 * USA v/s USSR * Prevailing socio economic conditions Beginning of FYPs * Borrowed the concept from USSR * Tweaked it according to prevailing situations * Nehru Mahalanobis model * Emphasis on self reliance, PSUs, and vibrant SMEs * Trickledown effect and strong basic industries * Criticism Some important events: * 1948- Pakistan war * 1962- China war * 1965- Pakistan war * 1971- Liberation of Bangladesh * 1970s- oil and energy crises * 1975- Emergency * 1991- BOP crisis From 1947-1979: * First FYP 1951-1956- emphasis on Agriculture * Second FYP 1956-1961- emphasis on industry * Third FYP 1961- 1966 – balance between both * Three yearly plans from 1966-1969 * Nationalization of banks 1969 * Up to now most of the banks except SBI were owned by private individuals * 14 banks were nationalized. They had about 85 percent of the total deposits * Fourth FYP 1969-1974- emphasis on social justice * Whatever liberal measures initiated since independence were reversed * Recall the events discussed earlier * Fifth FYP 1974-1978-...
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...NOVEMBER 23 , 2011 | [pic] |ATTORNEY JOHN WASHINGTON | |BUL 5323 – BUSINESS LAW | Introduction Ever since its declaration in 1993 under President Bill Clinton’s administration, don’t ask, don’t tell (DADT) has been a major dispute amongst the United States citizens; especially those involved in the U.S. Military. Questions such as: “Is it even constitutional?” and “What are the pros and cons?” and “Should the policy be repealed?” have been propound. Subsequent to all of the questioning, viewed opinions and assessments, this subject generally falls into three perspectives: the permissive, the restrictive and the prohibitive. This paper...
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...Fogle Strayer University U.S. Government Professor Stallo 11/15/2015 Politics of Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Introduction Civil Rights Events that Influence Social Responsibility in American People Today In the American history, several Civil liberties events have played an indispensable role in shaping the approach of Americans to social responsibility. For instance, the signing of executive order 9981 by President Truman in 1948 was critical in eliminating discrimination among Americans (Carson, 2013). The executive order declared equity of treatment among all persons working in the department of defense. Indeed, this was a milestone in getting rid of the discrimination that was rampant among the armed forces personnel. Before, the signing of the order, only African American served in the American military frontlines. This act was highly criticized by people of African-American descent as it was an apparent show of discrimination based on color and race (Carson, 2013). However, the signing of the executive order brought about equity by eliminating discrimination of the armed officers depending on their color and race. To date, the signing of the executive order has been fundamental to eliminating discrimination and bringing about equity among Americans. Secondly, the second amendment of 1968 was crucial in enhancing the freedom of speech among the American people (Jackson, 2009). Freedom of press encompasses the right of individual...
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...allowed the establishing of different public schools for African American and white pupils to be against the constitution. The verdict overruled the 1896 decision of Plessy v. Ferguson decision, a ruling that permitted state-sponsored segregation, provided it applied to public education. The Brown V. Topeka decision ruled that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal (CRMVet.org, n.d., p. 1954, para. 3)." Because of this decision, racial segregation was decreed to be in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The Brown V. Topeka Board of Education ruling would lead the way for desegregation and became a vital triumph in the civil rights movement. At the time of the Brown ruling, much of the southern United States was segregated. Racial segregation was hardly a fresh occurrence; almost all African Americans had been subject to slavery prior to the Civil War. Nor was racial segregation a new concept, but one that has occurred as early (and likely earlier) as the days of the Tang Dynasty. Under segregation, signs were posted showing African Americans where they could, under the protection of the law to walk, converse, dine or even use the bathroom. Even in areas already racially integrated, African Americans were still forced to wait on white customers to be served or waited on first. The segregation of races affected the lives of African Americans considerably, refusing them the right to equality...
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...The USA PATRIOT ACT, commonly known as the Patriot Act, is an acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate tools required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001. On October 23, 2001, Republican Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner introduced H.R. 3162 incorporating provisions from a previously sponsored House bill and a Senate bill also introduced earlier in the month. The next day on October 24, 2001, the Act passed the House 357 to 66, with Democrats comprising the overwhelming portion of dissent. The following day on October 25, 2001, the Act passed the Senate by 98 to 1, with Russ Feingold the only opposition. This act was signed then into law by former president George W. Bush on October 26, 2011, just six weeks after the September 11th attacks to the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This act reduced restrictions in law enforcement agencies’ gathering of intelligence with the U.S. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism. The Patriot Act made many changes to U.S. law, such as the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA), the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA), the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 and Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), as well as the Immigration and Nationality Act. It was strongly opposed by Senator, Russ Feingold; he was the only Senator to vote against the bill. The final Act had a number of sunsets that was supposed to expire on December 15, 2005. On May 26, 2011, President...
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...The USA PATRIOT ACT, commonly known as the Patriot Act, is an acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate tools required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001. On October 23, 2001, Republican Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner introduced H.R. 3162 incorporating provisions from a previously sponsored House bill and a Senate bill also introduced earlier in the month. The next day on October 24, 2001, the Act passed the House 357 to 66, with Democrats comprising the overwhelming portion of dissent. The following day on October 25, 2001, the Act passed the Senate by 98 to 1, with Russ Feingold the only opposition. This act was signed then into law by former president George W. Bush on October 26, 2011, just six weeks after the September 11th attacks to the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This act reduced restrictions in law enforcement agencies’ gathering of intelligence with the U.S. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism. The Patriot Act made many changes to U.S. law, such as the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA), the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA), the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 and Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), as well as the Immigration and Nationality Act. It was strongly opposed by Senator, Russ Feingold; he was the only Senator to vote against the bill. The final Act had a number of sunsets that was supposed to expire on December 15, 2005. On May 26, 2011, President...
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