...Prof. Brown Engl. 101 Research Paper False Image, Real Effect Advertisements do not always present the truth but people can still choose to accept it as truth. Advertisers have always stretched the truth in order to sell a product. Advertisements present everything as an extravagant, over the top, perfect for all, necessity. Throughout time, new techniques for advertisements have developed. Because of technological advancements there are more ways to advertise as well. Before, news and anything good would have been spread through word of mouth. Now, there are voices coming through radio stations telling people what they want and need. Advertisement pictures and videos are constantly being played on the television screens, cellphones and almost any other electronic gadget. Advertisers still manage to stretch the truth, now in more creative ways. Advertisements, especially print, are photo-enhancing and distorting images to create a false image. Photographs of human beings, taken to help sell a product, are now being altered and becoming the product. There are many studies that have been conducted on the effects of these altered images, however a majority of these studies revolve around the female body. Targeting men with other men on advertisements is something that has spread widely and effected men's body image. Advertisements give a false image of how men and women should look; these advertisements need to reduce or label the level of retouching or possibly stop retouching...
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...Institute of Philosophy and Religious studies. Affiliated to The Catholic University of Malawi PHILOSOPHY OF KNOWLEDGE (Epistemology) Student: OTIENO STEPHEN MBAKA Class Notes INTRODUCTION Fundamental Notions THE "PHILOSOPHY OF KNOWLEDGE" is that branch of philosophy which tries to determine in a general way what the nature and scope of man's capacity to know are. Precisely what this determi-nation will turn out to be cannot be foreseen at the beginning of our investigation since the very reason for undertaking such a project is to find that out in a methodical and systematic way. Nonetheless, even at this point, we do have a vague sense of what we are after, and, presumably, we have had enough experi-ence of our ignorance and capacity for error to motivate us to take up this arduous task. Our common-sense notion of nature tells us that an investigation into the "nature" of anything means at least that we are ask-ing "what sort of thing is it?" To be sure, this question is none too precise, but it will do for a beginning. Again, our common-sense notion of "scope" tells us that an inquiry into the "scope" of any-thing means at least that we are asking "how far does it extend?" Again, this imprecise query will do for the moment. Notice that we are not asking whether we know anything at all. The reason is, as we shall see in detail later that this question cannot be asked at all, because to have asked it is to have answered...
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...Counseling, Minor in Military services (APA format) December 3, 2015 THE VISUAL INVEIGLEMENT OF TELEVISION 2 Abstract With the rapid decline of cultures moral conduct regarding thought, behavior, and along with physiological changes it leaves the looming question of why or who is responsible. Many would like to place blame on the content of television media. Clearly it provokes an interest to look at the affects that TV and media are playing. After all, the culture does seem to be headed towards a moral bankruptcy and an increasing obesity rate compared to fifty years ago. Such research conducted by Aric Sigman PH.D. in his book, Remotely Controlled, discusses these realities and brings to light the hidden truths of televisions and the effects it is taken on the moral downslide. THE VISUAL INVEIGLEMENT OF TELEVISION 3 The Visual Inveiglement of Television Television media is impacting the populace 24/7 in today’s world; there is no escaping its influence upon society and culture. There is a surging wave of change that is being created by this, and few seem to acknowledge or understand the perennial percussion of it. Douglas S. Winnail, from Tomorrow’s world (2003), makes reference to television having an insidious side with prodigious conductivity to leverage culture, making it the apex of an “effective propaganda vehicle” accessible...
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...SOCI 1301 Final Exam Review The final exam will cover chapters 1-16 and in class lecture notes. Theorists: Robert K. Merton Erving Goffman Karl Marx Ferdinand Tonnies Theoretical Perspectives: Structural Functionalism Conflict Theory Symbolic Interactionism Matching: Match the following key words with the definitions below. a. Corporate Crime b. Social construction of reality c. Socialization d. Culture e. Culture Shock a. Norms b. Social Control c. Subculture d. Popular Culture e. Cultural Transmission a. Ethnocentrism b. Family c. Status d. Ascribed Status e. Achieved Status a. White Collar Crime 1. __CULTURE___ is the values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that together from a people’s way of life 2. __CULTURE SHOCK____ is the personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life. 3. __CULTURAL TRANSMISSION___ the process by which one generation passes culture to the next. 4. __NORMS____ are rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members. 5. ___SOCIAL CONTROL__ is the attempt by society to regulate people’s thought and behavior 6. The term______ refers to cultural patterns that set apart some segment of society’s population. 7. ___POPULAR CULTURE___designates cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population. 8. __ETHNOCETRISM____ is the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture. ...
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...masculinity and femininity. In North America, advertising labels masculinity with traits such as dominance, assertiveness and independence. In contrast, we have femininity in which advertising labels as passive, beautiful and co-dependant. These two images advertisers try to paint normalize the stereotypes of different gender roles. Different companies use different strategies to sell products and encourage consumers to part with their hard earned money. Advertising reinforces particular gender norms. Through an analysis of a case study of anti-aging cream aimed towards women, this paper will argue that all advertising fundamentally plays on dominant ideologies to make people believe that in order to be “normal” or “successful”, they must buy product X. In particular, it will focus on how dominant norms surrounding masculinity and femininity are encouraged. These norms suggest what is considered an acceptable male and female appearance. It will also focus in particular on gender norms which female attractiveness is above all else, while men are valued for their other characteristics. The following case study is on the analysis of women and the use anti-aging products. Growing old is a way of life, but for women in modern society it is a grim reality, the aging process cannot be stopped, but thanks to anti-aging adverts, it leaves the impression that the aging process can be slowed down. Today there are several...
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...“Marketing Leaders and Ethical Issues in Advertising” ABSTRACT The purpose of this project is to point out some different measures used in advertising for defining problems and to note ethical and moral problems that advertising can and does raise and, finally, to suggest certain steps for the marketing leaders of those professionally involved in advertising. The project examines what the ethical problems in advertising are and why many marketing leaders create unethical advertisements. In order to demonstrate the unethical advertising, I provided some examples. I added to the project a list of ethical and legal issues when creating advertisements can help you to craft legal, responsible advertisement messages. The project also examines ways of solving ethical issues in advertising and what advertisers, marketing leaders should do to be in the money. INTRODUCTION Communication stimulation was known in ancient times. With banners and signs and graffiti dealers notified the citizens about the availability of certain goods on the stalls, as well as future events, such as the slave trade or the gladiators. Due to mass illiteracy traders also had to resort to touts - people standing in the streets or on the busy intersections of the city and loudly informed the passers on the goods. While advertising was of informative, it did not have the elements of persuasion. The flourishing of the advertising business falls on XIX century, when the first public relations man, began...
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...Suburbia. Immediately, a stereotypical, monotonous, white-picket fenced neighborhood appears in the reader’s mind. However, why does this image instantaneously come to mind upon hearing the word suburbia? Media. Inarguably, media holds the power to alter how people view the world around them, both, present and past; and it is media that has painted this image repeatedly over a six, perhaps longer, decade timespan causing it to become synonymously associated with suburbia. Both, Lívia Szélpál’s “Images of the American Suburbia” (2012) and Timotheus Vermeulen’s “Introduction: Scenes from the Suburbs” (2014) attempt to address and examine the significant role media imparts on the public’s perception of suburbia-- by observing how the suburbs are, both, the underlying components of and portrayed in narratives. Szélpál’s article examines films from the past six decades, whereas, Vermeulen’s book focuses on suburbia in late twentieth and early twenty-first-century films and television shows. Whether six or sixty years old, the films examined all portray the suburbs inaccurately and, in the...
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...people, both young and old, are easily manipulated by these advertisements and I hope that someday they change their approach to get readers attentions. With Christmas coming up I often catch myself looking for my daughter’s presents in certain magazines or store advertisements but then question myself on if that item is really what it is being perceived to be or am I being misled. As stated by Fowles, “When advertisers put for the image of something diminutive and furry, something that elicits the word “cute” or “precious,” then they are trying to trigger this motive” (Fowles 370). With all the advertisements teens are exposed to by the internet, magazines, school, and malls “teens are also exposed to more than 40,000 advertisements a year on television alone” (1) as stated by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Advertising is sometimes viewed as manipulative and it tries to alter the way the consumer perceives the advertised product by appeals to factors other than the products physical attributes and functional performance. Since reality is too much to bear at times, some people turn to products that provide them with feelings that the product will change who they are. For example, around summertime weight loss pills are heavily advertised with the promise of losing weight with little to no change in your diet and exercise. According to the Weight Loss...
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...‘narcissist’ and the psychological state of a narcissist. It centres on a very handsome young man called Narcissus. So attractive was this man that all the girls fell in love with him. He was aware of his charms and this made him arrogant and proud. Despite the efforts of the ladies to win his affections he ignored their overtures. One day as Narcissus was walking through the forest he stumbled upon a clear pool of water. As he knelt to drink - for he was very thirsty- the loveliest sight that had ever appeared captivated his attention. He immediately fell in love. So great was his attraction that he could not leave the pool and his appetite vanished. Before long his health deteriorated and he began to fade. In the end he died staring at this image in the pool. Narcissus experienced unrequited love as he had fallen in love with his own reflection! Narcissism i.e.; being obsessed with...
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...attained. People will always have biases; some will be created by cultural values and others by personal views. The search for objectivity lies in the realm of philosophy along with the search for reality. Even though objectivity can never be reached, people are better at making observations, discoveries, and decisions if they attempt to set aside their biases. As I have learned in my Theory of Knowledge class, perception and thought are intimately connected. While the same rays of light may enter two different peoples eyes, what they see may be very different. The brain takes the input from the eyes and processes it to form an image. That image is not the only thing the brain produces; it also provides extra information based on generalizations and bias. This unconscious addition of information changes the observation of an object. By attempting to reduce the addition of extraneous information being added to the observation, by being objective, a true observation of an object can be more closely approximated. Discoveries, especially in the scientific realm can be doubly affected by a lack of objectivity. Since scientific discoveries are based on observation, all of the problems associated with observation apply as well to discoveries. Additional problems occur in the analysis of data collected by a scientific experiment. In a recent experiment in physics class, almost all of the students in my class analyzed the data incorrectly. However, armed with the knowledge that zero...
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...The film I chose to write my analysis about is “Catch Me If You Can”. I chose this film because its based on a true story and it amazes me how this individual got away with a lot of things. How his professional clothing and communication with others influenced in whom he became and what he did to accomplish his goals. This film illustrates how identity isolates him from significant others such as his fiancée. I know many people are judged by what they wear in most situations. It surprises me how well he communicated with others and the things he did to get to where he wanted, how people, who didn’t even know him help him out, they wanted to give him everything. The main actor in this film, which was Frank Abagnale Jr. I believe had an amazing nonverbal communication with others. His movements, gestures, appearance and facial expression played a major role in this film. Impersonating a Pam Am co-pilot, teacher, a physician, and a lawyer, he is able to pass hundreds of fake checks only partly because the clothes make the man, more because he posses enough charm to acquire information, flights around the world and whatever he wanted. As it talks about in our textbook in chapter 6, nonverbal communication in clothing. Clothing is a means of communication nonverbally. It is suggested that clothing conveys over ten types of messages to others. In our textbook it explains that communicators that wear special clothing often gain persuasiveness. For example uniforms, as Frank...
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...jstor.org This content downloaded from 137.158.153.205 on Fri, 14 Feb 2014 01:39:42 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Self Presentation through Appearance: A Manipulative vs. a Dramaturgical Approach The sincerity of self presentation through personal appearance was examined through contrasting an interac- Efrat Tseeion* tionist interpretation o Coffman’s dramaturgy with an The University of Sussex f “impression management” approach. “Impression management” position treats dramatization and conscious attention to one’s performance as analogous to insincerity. In contrast, a dramaturgical interactionist position regards dramatization as the control of the style of performance, and as irrelevant to issues of sincerity. Analysis of forty accounts (open-ended questionnaires) of British women highlighted the oversimplification...
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...watched, read, or analyzed something that was based off of the idea of someone before us. One example for this would be the movie Inception (2010), directed by Christopher Nolan. In this movie the depiction between the idea of a dream and reality is extremely contrasted to the point where it is difficult to draw the line between what is or is not real. The mind boggling adventure of this movie makes us wonder; did the director draw this idea from thin air? The answer is no. In fact, the animated film Paprika (2007), directed by Satoshi Kon directly resembles the ideas and concepts of Inception. This is because Paprika served as a basis for Christopher Nolan in his movie Inception. Movies, concepts, and ideas are always being interpreted or rephrased in different forms. Aside from these two movies, there are other works that are very similar by concept. Two pieces of work that will be discussed further in detail are, the philosophical work, Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave” and Lana Wachowski’s movie, The Matrix. Plato’s “The Allegory of the Cave walks the readers through a dialogue between a character named Glaucon and Plato’s former teacher, Socrates. They discuss the predisposed beliefs of humans and how those beliefs cause them to create a false reality in which they live. Plato claims that our perceptions are not true, they only reflect what really is. He also claims that if we were to see the Truth, it would be extremely difficult for us to believe it...
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...pleaded not guilty and pledged to fight the charges. Although the charges of securities fraud were thrown out, Stewart was found guilty of four counts of obstruction of justice and lying to investigators. She was sentenced to five months of prison, five months of house arrest, and two years of probation. ImClone case was showing unethical and socially irresponsible behavior by business executives. They are in positions of power that allow them to do damage to others. This paper will evaluate the case above thoroughly, start from the prosecution’s arguments, the defense’s arguments. Analysis will be made using four ethical theories; Rights, Justice, Utilitarianism, and Profit Maximization. Prosecution’s Arguments Five counts have been filed against Stewart. The indictment against Stewart begins with a conspiracy count andalleges that Stewart and Bacanovic conspired to obstruct justice, make false statements, and commit perjury. Prosecution states that Stewart lied to investigators during their investigation, declaring herself innocent of...
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...Entman conducted a content analysis of local news coverage in the Chicago area, the research examined both the tendencies and nature of crime which associated blacks with criminality. The analysis suggested that news stories which focused on blacks were more likely to be about criminality, than news coverage which focused on whites. Whereas whites enjoy the balance of news coverage which ranges from respectable and praise-worthy acts to deplorable actions, the representation of blacks in the news in consist predominantly of anti-social behaviour. Such manipulation of coverage reinforces the racialisation of crime. Entman found that 41% of all news coverage that focused on blacks pertained to criminal activity, furthermore, 84% of all news stories about black suspects regarded criminal activity versus 71% of news coverage for whites (Entman 1990, 1992, 1994; Entman & Rojecki, 2000). The percentage of coverage is not the sole factor which reinforces racist discourse, the manner by which the media reports black crime suggests that blacks are inherently criminal. Entman reported that the news coverage regularly included images and innuendos suggesting that black suspects were more likely to be particularly...
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